静电纺聚醋酸乙烯酯/TiO2复合纳米纤维的弯曲力学性能

结合溶胶凝胶法和静电纺丝技术制备了聚醋酸乙烯酯(PVAc)/二氧化钛(TiO2)复合纳米纤维。使用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)和扫描探针显微镜(SPM)对复合纳米纤维的表面形貌、内部粒子分布和单纤维弯曲弹性模量进行了表征与测试。结果表明,TiO2纳米粒子均匀地分布在PVAc纳米纤维中;随着TiO2含量的增加,纳米纤维的平均直径从585nm减少到287nm;由于TiO2溶胶分子与聚合物分子形成了较强的氢键作用使得与杂化纳米纤维的弯曲弹性模量显著增强。     

负载TiO2的PVDF膜的制备及其对水中CHCl3的降解

采用静电纺技术成功制备了负载TiO2的PVDF复合纤维膜,研究了TiO2对纤维膜的形貌结构,力学性能,热学性能以及对饮用水中三氯甲烷的降解性能的影响.SEM表明复合纤维的表面呈现粗糙的形貌特征,相对于PVDF纤维而言平均直径减小.力学性能测试结果表明由于TiO2溶胶的加入,PVDF复合纤维膜在干燥与湿润状态下的拉伸强度均减小,断裂伸长率均增大.DSC结果显示TiO2溶胶的加入使复合纤维膜的热焓值和结晶度均降低.研究结果表明负载TiO2的PVDF复合纤维膜对饮用水中的CHCl3具有良好的光催化降解能力.     

工艺参数对聚甲醛微注塑制品力学性能的影响机理EI北大核心CSCD

基于单因素实验,研究工艺参数对不同厚度聚甲醛(POM)微注塑制品屈服应力、弹性模量、断裂强度和断裂伸长率等力学性能指标的影响,并基于制品形态结构分析工艺参数对制品力学性能的影响机理。实验结果表明,随着注射速度的增大,1.0mm厚微制品的皮层厚度减小,过渡层厚度增加,结晶度增大,综合效应使得屈服应力、断裂强度和弹性模量增大,断裂伸长率减小;0.2mm厚微制品的皮层厚度占主导地位,其力学性能是由皮层的力学性能决定,皮层厚度先增大后减小使得屈服应力、断裂强度和弹性模量先增大后减小,断裂伸长率先减小后增大。随着熔体温度的升高,1.0mm厚微制品的分子链取向度减小,皮层厚度减小,收缩量增大,使得屈服应力、断裂强度和弹性模量减小,断裂伸长率增大;而0.2mm厚微制品的皮层减小,但过渡层增加,结晶度增大,且补料更充分,综合作用使得屈服应力、断裂强度和弹性模量增大,断裂伸长率减小。随着模具温度的升高,1.0mm厚微制品的皮层比例减小,结晶度增大,结晶度影响占主导,使得屈服应力、断裂强度和弹性模量逐渐增大,断裂伸长率减小;而0.2mm厚微制品的皮层厚度占主导,皮层厚度明显减小使得屈服应力、断裂强度和弹性模量减小,断裂伸长率增大。     

亚胺化时间对电纺聚酰亚胺纳米纤维结构和性能的影响

通过两步法制备聚酰亚胺(PI)纳米纤维,首先采用高压静电纺丝技术制备聚酰胺酸(PAA)纳米纤维,然后在高温下通过不同的亚胺化时间获得PMDA-ODA型PI纳米纤维。利用红外光谱仪、X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜、热重分析仪和力学性能测试仪研究了不同亚胺化时间对PI纳米纤维微观形貌、化学结构、热稳定性以及断裂强度等的影响。结果表明,当亚胺化时间较短时,聚酰胺酸纳米纤维亚胺化并不完全;亚胺化时间达到30min左右时,聚酰胺酸的亚胺化基本完成;随着亚胺化时间的延长,纳米纤维结晶度逐渐增加,纤维变得更细也更加均匀,热稳定性也随之提高,断裂强度和断裂伸长率也有所提高。通过对聚酰亚胺纳米纤维膜进行透气性测试发现,随亚胺化时间延长纤维膜透气性有所提高。     

聚醋酸乙烯酯／二氧化硅杂化纳米纤维膜的制备与性能

采用溶胶一凝胶法将二氧化硅（SiO2）溶胶加入到聚醋酸乙烯酯（PVAc）的丙酮溶液中形成杂化纺丝液，测试了纺丝液的表面张力、粘度、电导率，再采用高压静电纺丝法制备了PVAC／SiO2杂化纳米纤维膜。结果表明，SiO2的加入改善了纳米纤维膜的形貌特征，膜的断裂强力增大，但断裂伸长率却有所降低，而膜的热稳定性也得到了提高。     

壳聚糖/明胶/Y2O3杂化膜的制备、表征和对磷吸附性的研究

用阴离子表面活性剂SDS对Y2O3表面进行改性,并采用溶液共混法制备壳聚糖/明胶/Y2O3杂化膜。采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和傅里叶红外光谱仪(FT-IR)对杂化膜的表面形态和基团变化情况等进行表征,并对杂化膜的厚度、断裂强度、断裂伸长率等力学性能以及杂化膜对磷的吸附性能进行测试。结果表明:改性后的Y2O3在杂化膜中分散较均匀;杂化膜中,壳聚糖、明胶、Y2O3颗粒之间存在较强的氢键作用;加入适量的明胶和Y2O3,可以提高杂化膜的断裂强力和断裂伸长率;杂化膜对磷的平衡吸附量可以达到0.42mg/g。     

羽毛多肽改性P(MA-AA)纳米纤维膜的制备及其表征

利用静电纺丝技术,制备了P(MA-AA)与羽毛多肽质量比分别为100/0、95/5、90/10、85/15、80/20复合纳米纤维膜。利用红外光谱和扫描电镜(SEM)对复合纳米纤维膜进行表征,分别利用电子强力机和表面张力仪对复合纳米纤维膜力学性能和亲水性能进行测试。SEM图分析表明:加入羽毛多肽后,纤维形貌得到很大改善,纤维的直径随着多肽含量的增加而逐渐减小;复合纳米纤维膜的断裂强度先增加后减小,断裂伸长率由156.5%减小到52.3%;羽毛多肽的加入显著提高了纳米纤维膜的亲水性能。     

TiO2/全氟磺酸树脂纳米杂化薄膜的制备

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了TiO2/全氟磺酸树脂(Perfluorosulfonated Resin,简称PSR)纳米杂化薄膜,并通过透射电镜(TEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、红外光谱(FT-IR)、紫外可见光谱(UV-vis)及热重分析(TGA)等技术较为全面地测试了杂化薄膜的形貌、晶型、结构、光学及热力学性能.结果表明,TiO2/PSR纳米杂化薄膜表面平整光滑,基本没有裂纹;杂化薄膜在经水热处理后,两相在纳米尺度均匀分散,TiO2粒径约为8～10nm,呈锐钛矿型;同时杂化薄膜具有良好的光学透明性和紫外吸收性能,且随着TiO2含量的增加,全氟磺酸树脂紫外吸收性能有显著提高.     

聚四氟乙烯短纤维的热及化学稳定性研究

通过表观形态观测,得出聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)短纤维的直径服从高斯分布。针对细度差异性较大的PTFE短纤维,提出一种基于线密度差异性的单根纤维追踪测量法,用于测试酸碱处理前后纤维的力学性能。结果表明,经常温酸碱处理后,纤维断裂强度基本无变化,而初始模量减小,断裂伸长率增大;高温酸碱处理后的纤维断裂强度略有增大而断裂伸长率减小;经干热空气和沸水处理后,纤维的断裂强度基本无变化,而断裂伸长率由于解取向略有降低。此外,热失重分析表明PTFE短纤维具有优异的耐高温性能。     

TiO2/聚乳酸复合纳米纤维膜的制备及其抗菌性能

采用静电纺丝技术,分别制备了纯聚乳酸(PLA)纳米纤维膜和不同TiO2含量的TiO2/PLA复合纳米纤维膜。利用扫描电子显微镜、傅里叶红外光谱和电子万能试验机分别对复合纳米纤维膜进行了形貌表征、成分分析和力学性能测试,用改良的振荡烧瓶法测试了复合纳米膜的抗菌性能。结果表明:随TiO2含量的增加,纤维直径减小而CV值和表面颗粒尺寸有所增加;复合纳米纤维膜中含有TiO2成分,证明TiO2与聚乳酸能够物理复合;添加适量的TiO2能够提高纳米纤维膜的断裂强度;在光催化条件下,TiO2/PLA复合纳米纤维膜对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌表现出良好的抗菌性能,当TiO2含量为1%时,对两种菌的抑菌率分别达到92.9%和92.2%。     

Multifunctional ZnO/Nylon 6 nanofiber mats by an electrospinning–electrospraying hybrid process for use in protective applications

ZnO/Nylon 6 nanofiber mats were prepared by an electrospinning–electrospraying hybrid process in which ZnO nanoparticles were dispersed on the surface of Nylon 6 nanofibers without becoming completely embedded. The prepared ZnO/Nylon 6 nanofiber mats were evaluated for their abilities to kill bacteria or inhibit their growth and to catalytically detoxify chemicals. Results showed that these ZnO/Nylon 6 nanofiber mats had excellent antibacterial efficiency (99.99%) against both the Gram-negative Escherichia coli and Gram-positive Bacillus cereus bacteria. In addition, they exhibited good detoxifying efficiency (95%) against paraoxon, a simulant of highly toxic chemicals. ZnO/Nylon 6 nanofiber mats were also deposited onto nylon/cotton woven fabrics and the nanofiber mats did not significantly affect the moisture vapor transmission rates and air permeability values of the fabrics. Therefore, ZnO/Nylon 6 nanofiber mats prepared by the electrospinning–electrospraying hybrid process are promising material candidates for protective applications.     

Electrospun poly(l-lactide)/zein nanofiber mats loaded with <Emphasis Type="Italic">Rana chensinensis</Emphasis> skin peptides for wound dressing

Electrospun nanofiber mats can display impressive performance as an ideal wound dressing. In this study, poly(l-lactide)(PLLA)/zein nanofiber mats loaded with Rana chensinensis skin peptides (RCSPs) were successfully produced by two different electrospinning techniques, blend and coaxial, with the goal of developing a wound dressing material. The nanofiber mats were investigated by environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), water contact angle, mechanical tests and cell viability. The resulting nanofiber mats exhibited smooth surfaces, tiny diameters and different cross-sectional shapes from pure PLLA and zein nanofibers. The FTIR result showed that PLLA, zein and RCSPs were well dispersed, without chemical interactions. Compared with coaxial nanofiber mats, blending zein-RCSPs with PLLA enhanced hydrophilicity but decreased mechanical properties. Adding RCSPs into the electrospun nanofibers significantly improved the mechanical properties of the mats. Cell viability studies with human foreskin fibroblasts demonstrated that cell growth on PLLA/zein-RCSPs nanofiber mats was significantly higher than that on PLLA/zein nanofiber mats. The results indicate that nanofiber mats containing RCSPs are potential candidates for wound dressing.     

Multifunctional ZnO/Nylon 6 nanofiber mats by an electrospinning–electrospraying hybrid process for use in protective applications

Abstract

ZnO/Nylon 6 nanofiber mats were prepared by an electrospinning–electrospraying hybrid process in which ZnO nanoparticles were dispersed on the surface of Nylon 6 nanofibers without becoming completely embedded. The prepared ZnO/Nylon 6 nanofiber mats were evaluated for their abilities to kill bacteria or inhibit their growth and to catalytically detoxify chemicals. Results showed that these ZnO/Nylon 6 nanofiber mats had excellent antibacterial efficiency (99.99%) against both the Gram-negative Escherichia coli and Gram-positive Bacillus cereus bacteria. In addition, they exhibited good detoxifying efficiency (95%) against paraoxon, a simulant of highly toxic chemicals. ZnO/Nylon 6 nanofiber mats were also deposited onto nylon/cotton woven fabrics and the nanofiber mats did not significantly affect the moisture vapor transmission rates and air permeability values of the fabrics. Therefore, ZnO/Nylon 6 nanofiber mats prepared by the electrospinning–electrospraying hybrid process are promising material candidates for protective applications.     

Fabrication and evaluation of polyamide 6 composites with electrospun polyimide nanofibers as skeletal framework

In this study, two types of polyimide (PI) nanofiber mats, including (1) the mats consisting of (almost) randomly overlaid PI nanofibers and (2) the mats consisting of highly aligned PI nanofibers, were prepared by the materials-processing technique of electrospinning. The nanofiber mats were subsequently used to develop composites with polyamide 6 (PA6) via the composites – fabrication method of polymer melt infiltration lamination (PMIL). Owing to superior mechanical properties (i.e., the tensile strength and modulus were 1.7 GPa and 37.0 GPa, respectively) and large specific surface area of electrospun PI nanofibers, the PI/PA6 composites with PI nanofiber mats as skeletal framework demonstrated excellent mechanical properties. In particular, the PI/PA6 composite containing 50 wt.% of aligned PI nanofibers had the tensile strength and modulus of 447 MPa and 3.0 GPa along the longitudinal direction, representing ～700% and ～500% improvements as compared to neat PA6.     

Electrospun nylon-6 spider-net like nanofiber mat containing TiO2 nanoparticles: A multifunctional nanocomposite textile material

In this study, electrospun nylon-6 spider-net like nanofiber mats containing TiO₂ nanoparticles (TiO₂ NPs) were successfully prepared. The nanofiber mats containing TiO₂ NPs were characterized by SEM, FE-SEM, TEM, XRD, TGA and EDX analyses. The results revealed that fibers in two distinct sizes (nano and subnano scale) were obtained with the addition of a small amount of TiO₂ NPs. In low TiO₂ content nanocomposite mats, these nanofiber weaves were found uniformly loaded with TiO₂ NPs on their wall. The presence of a small amount of TiO₂ NPs in nylon-6 solution was found to improve the hydrophilicity (antifouling effect), mechanical strength, antimicrobial and UV protecting ability of electrospun mats. The resultant nylon-6/TiO₂ antimicrobial spider-net like composite mat with antifouling effect may be a potential candidate for future water filter applications, and its improved mechanical strength and UV blocking ability will also make it a potential candidate for protective clothing.     

聚醋酸乙烯酯/二氧化硅杂化纳米纤维膜的制备与性能

采用溶胶-凝胶法将二氧化硅（SiO₂）溶胶加入到聚醋酸乙烯酯（PVAc）的丙酮溶液中形成杂化纺丝液,测试了纺丝液的表面张力、粘度、电导率,再采用高压静电纺丝法制备了PVAc/SiO₂杂化纳米纤维膜。结果表明,SiO₂的加入改善了纳米纤维膜的形貌特征,膜的断裂强力增大,但断裂伸长率却有所降低,而膜的热稳定性也得到了提高。     

Multifunction ZnO/carbon hybrid nanofiber mats for organic dyes treatment via photocatalysis with enhanced solar-driven evaporation

ZnO-based photocatalytic materials have received widespread attention due to their usefulness than other photocatalytic materials in organic dye wastewater treatment. However, its photocatalytic efficiency and surface stability limit further applicability. This paper uses a one-step carbonization method to prepare multifunctional ZnO/carbon hybrid nanofiber mats. The carbonization creates a π-conjugated carbonaceous structure of the mats, which prolongs the electron recovery time of ZnO nanoparticles to yield improved photocatalytic efficiency. Further, the carbonization reduces the fiber diameter of the carbon hybrid nanofiber mats, which quadruples the specific surface area to yield enhanced adsorption and photocatalytic performance. At the same time, the prepared nanofiber mats can increase the evaporation rate of water under solar irradiation to a level of 1.46 kg·m⁻²·h⁻¹ with an efficiency of 91.9%. Thus, the nanofiber mats allow the facile incorporation of photocatalysts to clean contaminated water through adsorption, photodegradation, and interfacial heat-assisted distillation mechanisms.     

Enhancement of mechanical properties of TiO2 nanofibers by reinforcement with polysulfone fibers

The titania (TiO₂)/polysulfone (PSF) blend fibers were prepared by hybrid electrospinning to impart mechanical stability to the TiO₂ fibers. The TiO₂/PSF blend fibers (2/1 and 1/1, w/w) were prepared by adjusting the flow rate of PSF solution with the flow rate of the TiO₂ sol fixed. The PSF fibers in the blend fibers provided the mechanical stability for the TiO₂ fibrous mat. Both the tensile strength and modulus of the TiO₂/PSF blend fibers increased gradually with increasing PSF content, whereas the breaking elongation decreased. This suggests that PSF fibers play an important role in the mechanical resistance of blend fiber mats.     

EDC/NHS交联改性再生桑蚕丝素纳米纤维

用静电纺丝技术制备了再生桑蚕丝素纳米纤维,并用1-(3-二甲基氨基丙基)-3-乙基碳化二亚胺(EDC)和N-羟基丁二酰亚胺(NHS)进行交联改性,考察了交联改性前后,桑蚕丝素纳米纤维微观形貌及聚集态结构等的变化,采用扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)及红外光谱(FT-IR)等测试方法对纳米纤维进行表征。研究结果表明,经EDC/NHS交联改性后,纤维直径由250 nm增加到320 nm,纤维表面变粗糙,且纤维发生弯曲变形;丝素的结构以Silk II为主,并含有部分无规卷曲或Silk I构象;桑蚕丝纳米纤维的力学性能和亲水性有所提高,且交联改性后的纳米纤维具有良好的细胞相容性。     

静电纺丝素蛋白纤维毡在乙醇水溶液中的拉伸后处理

利用静电纺丝技术制备了再生丝素蛋白纤维毡,并采用乙醇水溶液对其进行拉伸后处理以提高其力学性能。研究了乙醇的体积分数对纤维毡形貌、结构和性能的影响。结果表明,随乙醇体积分数的增加,纤维毡中β-折叠结构的含量增加。纤维毡在体积分数为90%的乙醇溶液中,先拉伸1.11倍,然后浸泡120min后,其断裂强度及断裂伸长率分别达2.64MPa和12.1%。