固溶时效和快速凝固时效对Cu-Cr-Zr-Mg合金时效性能的影响

研究了固溶时效和快速凝固时效工艺对Cu Cr Zr Mg合金的显微组织、硬度和导电率性能的影响。结果表明快速凝固态晶粒比固溶态晶粒细小得多,细晶强化作用显著。合金经920℃×1h固溶和550℃×0.5h时效后,硬度为100HV,导电率达71%IACS;快速凝固和同样的时效条件下,硬度为126HV,导电率达70%IACS。     

固溶温度对第三代镍基单晶高温合金DD10组织的影响

采用扫描电镜(SEM)和金相显微镜(OM)组织观察以及能谱(EDS)分析等手段研究了固溶处理温度对第三代镍基单晶高温合金DD10显微组织、枝晶偏析和组织稳定性的影响.结果表明:合金经1290℃/6h固溶后共晶基本消除,1330℃/6h固溶时出现少量微孔,1340℃/6h时则出现初熔.合金经1320℃和1330℃固溶处理...     

定向凝固镍基高温合金CM247LC热处理工艺优化及持久性能研究

目的 研究定向凝固镍基高温合金CM247LC的最优热处理工艺制度,通过优化热处理工艺提高合金的力学性能。方法 分别用JMatPro热力学分析软件和金相法判断CM247LC合金的初熔温度点,并确定合金的热处理窗口温度;利用光学显微镜(OM)和能谱分析仪(EDS)观察合金经不同固溶处理后的微观组织和元素偏析情况;利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察合金经不同时效处理及持久断裂后的微观组织形貌。结果 CM247LC合金的初熔温度为1 260 ℃,热处理窗口温度为1 215~1 255 ℃。根据热处理窗口温度,设计了6种固溶处理工艺,对比发现,经1 228 ℃/2 h+1 240 ℃/2 h+1 255 ℃/2 h、AC固溶工艺处理后,合金的组织均匀化程度最高,元素偏析得到了显著改善,γ/γ′共晶的体积分数从铸态时的18.9%降至5.04%,确定此工艺为合金优化固溶处理工艺参数。合金经优化固溶处理后再经1 080 ℃/4 h、AC高温时效处理和870 ℃/22 h、AC中温时效处理,析出的γ′相尺寸(337.3 nm)、体积分数(67.81%)适宜且立方度最高,确定此工艺为最优热处理工艺。经最优热处理工艺处理的合金在980 ℃/205 MPa下的持久寿命为162 h,相比于铸态和固溶态处理的合金持久寿命分别提高了87 h和45 h。结论 通过优化固溶处理和时效处理,确定合金最优热处理工艺参数为:1 228 ℃/2 h+1 240 ℃/2 h+1 255 ℃/2 h、AC(固溶处理)+1 080 ℃/4 h、AC+870 ℃/22 h、AC(时效处理),经最优热处理工艺处理的合金持久寿命显著提高。     

高温固溶热处理对HIP态FGH96合金中碳化物影响规律的体视学研究

利用金相显微镜,扫描电镜和透射电镜并结合体视学基本原理,对在不同固溶温度和冷却方式(空冷和炉冷)下热等静压(HIP)态FGH96合金中碳化物的数量、空间分布及尺寸分布等进行了定量表征和对比研究。结果表明:HIP态FGH96合金中碳化物主要为富Nb和Ti的MC,在原始颗粒边界(PPB)上分布的碳化物主要为块状,在PPB区域以外分布的碳化物主要由块状和花状MC组成。在1180℃以下进行固溶热处理时,碳化物含量增加并且加剧了合金中的PPB;当固溶温度达到1180℃以上时,随着固溶温度的升高,合金中碳化物数量减少,PPB逐渐消失。1200℃固溶后炉冷,固溶在基体中的碳主要以非PPB碳化物形式重新析出,会导致合金中PPB碳化物数量的降低,即使合金中的碳化物总量与固溶热处理前几乎相同。另外,空冷合金中PPB碳化物尺寸为单峰分布,而炉冷合金中则表现为双峰,后者与炉冷过程中碳化物能够重新析出密切相关。     

固溶时间对半固态挤压成形Al-17Si-4Cu-0.5Mg合金组织及力学性能的影响

采用半固态挤压成形工艺制备过共晶Al-17Si-4Cu-0.5Mg合金,研究固溶时间对过共晶Al-17Si-4Cu-0.5Mg合金组织及性能的影响.结果表明,随着固溶时间的增加,Si相出现球化,固溶时间为10 h时,共晶Si的圆整度为0.72.铸态下Si相周围富集较高浓度的Cu元素,固溶1 h后,Cu元素快速固溶到基体中.固溶时间从1 h增加到16 h,在XRD曲线上的θ(Al2 Cu)和Q(Al5 Si6 Cu2 Mg8)相的衍射峰强降低,合金基体中的位错密度大量减少.经180℃,时效处理12 h后,组织中析出针状的θ'相和短棒状的Q'相.随着固溶时间的增加,合金强度值呈现"双峰"现象.固溶1h后,合金的抗拉强度为269 MPa,屈服强度为233 MPa,与未热处理合金相比,抗拉强度和屈服强度分别提高了43.3％和42.7％,合金强度的提高是由于在固溶初期基体中仍有较大的位错密度,时效处理后析出相对位错有较强的钉扎阻碍作用.固溶时间为10 h时,合金的抗拉强度为311 MPa,屈服强度为263 MPa,达到第二个强度峰值,Si相的圆整化和细小析出相的弥散强化作用是形成第二个强度峰的主要原因.     

电弧离子镀AlCrN涂层结构和摩擦性能的研究

采用电弧离子镀技术在硅片和高速钢基体上沉积AlCrN涂层,利用扫描电子显微镜、X射线粉末衍射仪、能谱仪、透射电子显微镜、纳米划痕以及摩擦实验等对AlCrN涂层的结构和摩擦性能进行了研究。结果表明,AlCrN涂层为柱状晶结构,主要由固溶态的fcc-(Cr,Al)N结构组成,在固溶强化的作用下涂层的硬度提升到了32 GPa左右。常温摩擦中AlCrN涂层出现了比较明显的龟裂纹,400和600℃下涂层磨损方式主要表现为磨粒磨损、粘着磨损以及氧化磨损。     

固溶温度对DZ951镍基高温合金组织和持久性能的影响

采用光学显微镜、扫描电镜和透射电镜研究了固溶温度对定向凝固DZ951镍基高温合金组织和持久性能的影响.结果表明:合金经固溶处理后,枝晶偏析降低,合金强度增加.碳化物由铸态时的骨架状变成块状,呈不连续状分布在晶界,对裂纹的萌生和扩展都有抑制作用.γ′相经固溶处理后,尺寸变小,分布更加均匀.合金在1100℃/60MPa的持久性能得到提高.在1300℃固溶处理时,合金元素分布更加均匀,γ′相体积分数增加,使DZ951合金具有较高的持久寿命.     

热处理对Ti-35V-15Cr-0.15Si-0.05C合金热稳定性能的影响

通过对Ti-35V-15Cr-0.15Si-0.05C合金轧制环件取样进行热处理和热稳定性能实验,研究了850℃和950℃固溶处理和950℃固溶后在600℃和700℃实效后的热稳定性能和微观组织。结果表明:合金仅经过固溶处理α相析出不明显,而经过固溶加时效处理后α相在晶界和晶内大量析出,在热稳定性能测试时,经过540℃100h热暴露后,α相进一步析出。合金α相是影响合金拉伸性能的主要因素,在晶界析出的连续α相导致合金塑性急剧下降;通过850℃固溶热处理能够获得较好的室温拉伸和热稳定性能。     

形变时效对FeMnSiCrNi合金形状回复率和相变温度的影响

为了进一步提高Fe-14Mn-6Si-8Cr-5Ni合金的形状记忆效应,对固溶态合金采用了形变时效的方法处理,并利用光学显微分析、X射线衍射分析和透射电子显微分析的测试手段分析了时效温度和时效时间对合金形状回复率和相变温度的影响.结果表明,固溶态合金经10%拉伸和600℃时效10 min时,形状回复率提高幅度最大,由固溶态的48%提高到84.7%,并且合金γ→ε马氏体转变的起始温度Ms由固溶态的34℃降低到13.2℃.合金的形状回复率得到提高的主要原因是合金中热诱发ε马氏体已经消失,组织为奥氏体和大量定向α’马氏体,这样的组织特征有利于应力诱发γ→ε马氏体相变以及它们的逆相变.     

机械合金化方法制备AlxCoCrCu0.5FeNi高熵合金组织结构和性能研究

采用机械合金化和真空热压烧结方法制备了Al_xCoCrCu_(0.5)FeNi高熵合金,研究Al含量对合金系的晶体结构、显微组织、硬度、压缩性能以及摩擦磨损行为的影响。球磨60h和真空热压烧结后的晶体结构均为FCC和BCC双相结构,但相对含量发生变化。Al含量的增加使合金塑性降低,硬度和强度增大,低Al含量的Al_0、Al_(0.5)合金塑性好,强度低,压缩量高达30%和25.6%;高Al含量的Al_(1.0)、Al_(1.5)合金塑性较差,强度高,压缩强度达到1855MPa和2083 MPa,原子半径大的Al含量增加造成严重的晶格畸变,使固溶强化效应增加是合金硬度和强度升高的主要原因。随着Al含量的增加,合金的断裂方式由韧性断裂向脆性断裂转变。合金的耐磨性与硬度呈正相关关系,Al_0、Al_(0.5)、Al_(1.0)的磨损机制为黏着磨损与磨粒磨损,Al_(1.5)合金则为磨粒磨损。     

Effect of Permeable Crystalline Material on Steel Reinforcement Corrosion of Concrete

Permeable crystalline materialcan permeate into pores and cracks of concrete and catalyze the reaction between Ca(OH) 2and unhydrated cement to generate a great quantity needle non-soluble crystals, which can stop up the pores and cracks of concrete, and increase the impermeability of concrete. This paper reported the results of a study conducted to evaluate steel reinforcement corrosion of concrete specimens uncoated and coated with permeable crystalline material as well as mixed with the permeable crystalline material. The properties evaluated for corrosion test were water impermeability, water absorption, compressive strength and potential. The results of water impermeability, water absorption, compressive strength clearly showed that the permeable crystalline material could prohibit water, any soluble salts and moisture from penetrating the concrete to cause corrosion, leaking, and other problems, and it did increase the compressive strength, which was favorable for protection of corrosion of reinforcing steel. Moreover, it was concluded from the potential-time curve that the steel reinforcement of uncoated specimen was in the state of activation whereas that of other specimens coated and mixed with the permeable crystalline material was in the state of inactivation. Above all, it was indicated that the permeable crystalline materialis very effective to protect the steel reinforcement of concrete from corrosion.     

The Research and Application About "Dry Peeling Off" Technology for Airplane Surface Paint Layer

In this paper, the principle of spurting take off lacquer were introduced; and with orthogonal method the unsaturate polyester was prepared ;it was easy to peel airplane paint layer off with this material and equipment.     

Quality Study of Honeycomb Core Shaping Without Wax Stabilization

Sandwich panels utilizing honeycomb cores result in lightweight, high-strength units that are very rigid. Indeed, they give honeycomb panels the best strength-to-weight ratio of any construction type available. Conventionally, the wax is poured into the cell of the core to strengthen the structure and prevent the core from being crushed during milling. Much time and labor is required to wax, mill, and clean the cores. In this study, the process of pouring wax into the core was skipped. In other words, the cutter directly milled the core. Experiments showed that the compressive strength of the core produced without wax stabilization was only 3% lower than that of cores produced using the traditional method. In addition, the drum peel strengths of cores produced without wax stabilization were 38.4% higher than cores produced using the traditional method, in which residual wax seriously polluted the adhesive. It was also found that eliminating the wax process can reduce costs.     

In-process thermal treatment of polylactic acid in fused deposition modelling

Polylactic acid (PLA) is one of the most widely used open source fused filament fabrication materials due to its ease of extrusion, biodegradability, and mechanical strength. The mechanical strength of PLA largely depends on the proper growth of its semi-crystalline structure, which can be severely impaired by a low rate of crystallization, particularly in open source printers. This can be further aggravated by the non-uniform thermal distribution of heat that causes improper curing among the extruded beads of the printing material. As a result, PLA printed on open source printers does not achieve the best mechanical properties. This research, for the first time, proposes an additive-free solution implemented through a detailed set of experimentation to improve the curing rate through in-process temperature variations to cure the joints among the beads. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy is used to confirm the improvements in the bead joints. This work is conducted in two phases of experiments. In the first phase, a full factorial ANOVA is used to investigate various process parameters and the important variables are used in the second phase to print test specimens in four different sets.     

Investigation of the Corrosion Behaviors of HVOF-Sprayed Carbide Cernet Coatings in Molten Al-Zn-Si Alloy Bath

In continuous hot-dip galvanization process the corrosion and chemical stability of the sink roll in the galvanizing bath are important problem which effects on the quality and productivity. In order to protect the sink roll the carbide cermet and/or ceramic coatings were deposited on the surface of the sink roll. The WC-, Cr3 C2-cermet coatings were deposited by high velocity oxygen fuel (HVOF) spray, respectively. The coating samples were immersed in molten Zn-alloy containing 50 wt % aluminum at 833 K for 24 hr and 144 hr, respectively. The inter-diffusion and inter-reaction of Zn, Al and elements in coating and corrosion behaviors of these coatings were investigated by XRD, SEM and EPMA etc. The corrosion mechanisms of the carbide cermet coatings and ceramic coatings in molten High Al-Zn-alloy were approached.     

Fundamental study of adhesion of ice to cooling solid surface (Discussion on influence of copper oxide layer on ice adhesion force)

In many situations, ice often adheres to a cooling solid surface, frequently causing serious accidents. It is critical to clarify the mechanism of ice adhesion to the cooling surface in order to prevent ice adhesion. In a past study, the shearing stresses of two kinds of test plates with a copper surface having the higher thermal conductivity were measured. The shearing stress corresponds to ice adhesion force. Both shearing stresses were significantly different; however, the cause remains unclear.Therefore, the present study focuses on an oxide layer as the main factor causing the difference of both shearing stresses; the influence of the oxide layer formed on shearing stress was discussed. And in the removal and reformation processes of the oxide layer, the time variation of the shearing stress was clarified. Moreover, the relationship between the state of the copper surface and the shearing stress was also clarified by surface analysis.     

重塑标准推行格局 推动LED照明的普及（英文）

正When you are enjoying the green,energy-saving and healthy lighting of IKEA LED luminaire,you may not realize that most of IKEA’s LED bulbs are produced by the LED luminaire smart manufacturing system of Hangzhou Zhongwei Photoelectricity CO.,LTD(ZVISION).No longer enclosed in the laboratory,the product standards are brought into the factory workshop and even to the entire production process.Thus,the standards are promoted and applied in a favorable way by enterprises,benefitting consumers with high quality products.     

Chinese Experts Contribute to ISO＇s New Toy Standards

正The international standard,ISO 8124-6,Safety of toys–Part 6:Certain phthalate esters in toys and children’s products,was officially issued by ISO worldwide on August 15.It was the first time for Chinese experts to lead the ISO standard development in toys industry.The standard was drafted by a group of Chinese experts from SAC/TC for toys and relevant Chinese departments and finally completed by a dedicated international group of experts.ISO 8124-6 makes a substantive breakthrough in the aspects of the scope of toys,limitation of plasticizer types,control of test cost,accuracy of test,operation convenience,etc.,offering the operational guidance for toy manufactures and testing laboratories.     

中国质量(北京)大会(英文)

正Themed on"quality,innovation,development",the first China Quality Conference(Beijing)was held in the Great Hall of the People on September 15.Chinese Premier Li Keqiang delivered an important speech at the conference.State Councilor Yang Jing and Wang Yong attended the conference with over 600 domestic and international representatives from foreign,regional and international quality organizations     

National Working Meeting on Land and Resources Standardization

正The National Working Meeting on Land and Resources Standardization was held in Beijing on July 15,2014.Wang Min,the Deputy-Minister of the Ministry of Land and Resources,and Yin Minghan,the Chief-Engineer of SAC addressed the meeting.Representatives from relevant competent departments and technical committees were present.The meeting aims to summarize work,discuss existing problems and make clear working thoughts,promoting standardization work of land and resources to a new level.Wang Min pointed out that the standardization work of land and resources should be centered on the basic principles of"protecting land and resources dutifully,intensively and economically utilizing land and resources,and making all-out efforts to safeguard the public’s rights and interests",highlighted the