聚碳酸酯聚氨酯膜表面构建新型磺铵两性结构及其表征

用聚乙二醇为原料合成N,N'-二甲基甘氨酸单羟基聚乙二醇酯(APEG),并对每步合成的产物用傅立叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)和1H-NMR表征.聚氨酯表面分别引入多氨基聚合物(聚丙烯酰胺和氨基硅油),再接枝APEG,最后在聚氨酯膜表面进行与丙磺酸内酯的开环反应,实现末端带磺铵两性离子聚乙二醇在聚氨酯表面的固定.采用环境扫描电镜(SEM)观察聚合物膜的表面形貌,用光电子能谱(XPS)分析聚合物膜表面元素含量.结果表明:合成的APEG与预定结构一致,通过此法接枝后聚合物膜表面S原子分数分别达1.9%,0.5%,磺铵两性结构成功构建到聚合物膜表面,并且提高了接枝率.     

地聚合物混凝土抗冻性影响因素

通过调整地聚合物的氧化物SiO2/Al2 O3、Na2 O/Al2 O3和H2 O/Na2 O的物质的量比,利用碱激发偏高岭土制备不同强度等级的地聚合物混凝土.同时,用相同强度等级的普通硅酸盐水泥(OPC)混凝土作对比,评价地聚合物混凝土的抗冻性.结果表明:随着n(Na2O)/n(Al2O3)和n(H2 O)/n(Na2 O)增大,地聚合物混凝土的抗冻性降低;当n(SiO2)/n(Al2 O3)=3.3时,地聚合物混凝土的抗冻性最佳,冻融循环次数可达200.当地聚合物混凝土达到冻融极限时,相对动弹性模量损失较小,说明其冻融破坏的主要形式是表面脱落,而其内部结构破坏速率较OPC混凝土更慢.当抗压强度为30～50 MPa时,地聚合物混凝土抗冻性略优于OPC混凝土的抗冻性;但抗压强度在50～70 MPa时,OPC混凝土抗冻性远优于地聚合物混凝土抗冻性.此外,地聚合物混凝土具有较高水饱和系数,值均在0.85～0.95,说明地聚合物混凝土孔结构以开口孔为主.     

温度响应性非传统荧光聚合物的制备与性能

以膦腈碱(t-BuP2)为催化剂、三羟甲基丙烷(TMP)与N,N-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺(MBA)为单体,经羟基与碳碳双键的oxa-Michael加成聚合在常温条件下制备主链含酰胺键的温敏性非传统荧光聚合物。用红外光谱、核磁共振和凝胶渗透色谱等手段表征了聚合物结构及相对分子质量。用紫外分光光度仪和荧光分光光度仪探究了聚合物荧光性能及其温度响应性。研究发现,以上述方法制备的主链含酰胺键的聚合物具有聚集诱导发光增强(AIE)及激发波长依赖荧光特性。更重要的是,该含酰胺键的荧光聚合物具有温度响应性和临界相转变温度(LCST)可调控性,且表现出LCST依赖荧光行为,其是一种潜在的可生物医学应用的刺激响应性荧光材料。     

阳离子纳米聚合物的合成、表征及其抗菌性研究

利用自制的可聚合阳离子乳化剂甲基丙烯酰氧乙基二甲基十六烷基溴化铵(MDHB),与甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)通过胶束共聚合得到阳离子的纳米聚合物。测定了聚合产物的粒径、zeta电位和分子量,用FT-IR、1 H NMR和TG对产物结构进行表征,用二倍稀释法研究了该类聚合物对大肠杆菌(E.coli)和金黄色葡萄球菌(S.aureus)的最低杀菌浓度(MBC)和最低抑菌浓度(MIC)。结果表明,MDHB是影响聚合物的结构特征及抗菌性的主要因素,随着MDHB用量增加,粒径增大、抗菌性增强、zeta电位和分子量降低。聚合产物热稳定性良好,能添加到通用聚合物中制得抗菌材料,因而该类聚合物有望成为具有开发应用潜力的新型抗菌剂。     

偶氮苯功能聚合物的合成及光响应性

采用4-羟基偶氮苯和2-溴异丁酰溴反应制备了引发剂溴代异丁酸偶氮苯酯(AZO-Br),利用原子转移自由基聚合(ATRP)反应,以AZO-Br为引发剂,甲基丙烯酸二甲氨基乙酯(DMAEMA)为单体,通过改变AZO-Br和DMAEMA的配比,设计制备了一系列偶氮苯封端的聚甲基丙烯酸二甲氨基乙酯(AZO-PDMAEMA)。利用红外光谱、核磁和凝胶渗透色谱等对所得的AZO-Br引发剂及AZO-PDMAEMA聚合物的结构和相对分子质量及其分布等进行表征。利用紫外-可见光分光光度计对AZO-PDMAEMA聚合物的光响应性进行了测试。结果表明,聚合物在325 nm处的特征吸收峰的强度随着紫外光照时间的延长而下降,照射37 min后达到平衡;聚合物中偶氮苯基团的相对含量越少越有利于光异构化反应的发生;在紫外光和可见光的交替照射下,AZO-PDMAEMA聚合物表现出了可循环的光响应性。     

空心纳米水凝胶的葡萄糖和温度双重刺激响应性

采用两步胶体模板聚合法再引入苯硼酸基团和刻蚀模板,制备了一种具有温度和葡萄糖双重刺激响应性的新型智能空心纳米水凝胶,用傅立叶变换红外光谱、核磁共振、透射电镜和动态激光光散射等手段对其进行了表征。结果表明,空心纳米水凝胶由聚(N-异丙基丙烯酰胺)和聚(N-苯硼酸基丙烯酰胺)组成,具有互穿聚合物网络结构和内部为空腔的形态结构,并具有葡萄糖和温度双重刺激响应性。     

抑菌性聚醚砜超滤膜的制备及性能表征

通过共混法制备了含辣素衍生结构聚合物的抑菌性聚醚砜超滤膜.首先,用N-(5-甲基-3-异丁基-2羟基-苄基)-丙烯酰胺(MBHBA)和丙烯酸(AA)、甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)制备了三元共聚物P(A-M-M),并通过红外光谱证实了聚合物的合成;然后考察了铸膜液中三元共聚物的质量浓度对所制备超滤膜性能的影响.结果表明,当P(A-M-M)质量分数为1%时,改性膜具有较高的综合性能:纯水通量和BSA截留率分别为183.8 L/(m~2·h)和93.8%,与基膜相比略有提高;同时亲水性大幅增加,水静态接触角仅为57°,比基膜降低了17°;抑菌率达到了76%,远高于基膜的抑菌率(20%).     

硅烷类偶联剂对蓄光性荧光粉的表面处理

采用硅烷类偶联剂对蓄光性荧光粉YLAG进行了表面处理,并将荧光粉与尼龙66(PA66)进行熔融共混,利用散射式浊度仪、透射电镜、红外光谱、扫描电镜分别研究了表面处理前后荧光粉的沉降性、微观形貌及化学结构的变化,以及荧光粉/聚合物共混体系的形态结构.结果表明,经硅烷偶联剂进行表面处理后,荧光粉与偶联剂有一定键合作用,表面处理后荧光粉的沉降速度明显减小,在PA66中的分散性得以改善.     

新型聚乙二醇接枝聚乳酸及其降解特性研究

通过直接酰胺化反应,以马来酸酐本体改性聚乳酸(MPLA)和氨基封端聚乙二醇(H2N-PEG-NH2)为原料,合成了聚乙二醇本体改性聚乳酸(PPLA).通过红外、核磁共振技术对改性聚合物的结构进行了表征;采用FITC标记牛血清白蛋白(FITC-BSA)为模型蛋白质,测试了聚合物对蛋白质的非特异性吸附;利用吸水率表征了聚合物的亲水性;利用聚合物在12周降解过程中pH值、失重率的变化评价了它们的降解特性.结果表明:H2N-PEG-NH2已成功接枝到MPLA上;与聚乳酸(PLA)、MPLA相比,PPLA明显降低了对FITC-BSA的吸附;其亲水性和降解性增加.预计该材料将是一种更适合组织工程和药物缓释应用的聚乳酸类可降解材料.     

利用囊泡状结构的双亲性嵌段共聚物作为原位反应器制备亚微米级金属/高分子复合材料

通过可逆加成断裂链转移聚合(RAFT)成功制备了聚苯乙烯-聚4-乙烯基吡啶(PS-b-P4VP)双亲性嵌段共聚物。利用核磁共振氢谱(1 H NMR)对产物的结构进行了表征。然后研究了聚合物在选择性溶剂中的自组装行为,测试表明该聚合物在一定条件下可自组装形成囊泡状,以此结构作为原位反应器成功包覆纳米银制备了亚微米级的纳米复合材料,应用紫外-可见吸收光谱(UV-Vis)、X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)和X射线能谱仪(EDS)等测试手段对复合结果进行了表征。     

Effect of Permeable Crystalline Material on Steel Reinforcement Corrosion of Concrete

Permeable crystalline materialcan permeate into pores and cracks of concrete and catalyze the reaction between Ca(OH) 2and unhydrated cement to generate a great quantity needle non-soluble crystals, which can stop up the pores and cracks of concrete, and increase the impermeability of concrete. This paper reported the results of a study conducted to evaluate steel reinforcement corrosion of concrete specimens uncoated and coated with permeable crystalline material as well as mixed with the permeable crystalline material. The properties evaluated for corrosion test were water impermeability, water absorption, compressive strength and potential. The results of water impermeability, water absorption, compressive strength clearly showed that the permeable crystalline material could prohibit water, any soluble salts and moisture from penetrating the concrete to cause corrosion, leaking, and other problems, and it did increase the compressive strength, which was favorable for protection of corrosion of reinforcing steel. Moreover, it was concluded from the potential-time curve that the steel reinforcement of uncoated specimen was in the state of activation whereas that of other specimens coated and mixed with the permeable crystalline material was in the state of inactivation. Above all, it was indicated that the permeable crystalline materialis very effective to protect the steel reinforcement of concrete from corrosion.     

The Research and Application About "Dry Peeling Off" Technology for Airplane Surface Paint Layer

In this paper, the principle of spurting take off lacquer were introduced; and with orthogonal method the unsaturate polyester was prepared ;it was easy to peel airplane paint layer off with this material and equipment.     

Quality Study of Honeycomb Core Shaping Without Wax Stabilization

Sandwich panels utilizing honeycomb cores result in lightweight, high-strength units that are very rigid. Indeed, they give honeycomb panels the best strength-to-weight ratio of any construction type available. Conventionally, the wax is poured into the cell of the core to strengthen the structure and prevent the core from being crushed during milling. Much time and labor is required to wax, mill, and clean the cores. In this study, the process of pouring wax into the core was skipped. In other words, the cutter directly milled the core. Experiments showed that the compressive strength of the core produced without wax stabilization was only 3% lower than that of cores produced using the traditional method. In addition, the drum peel strengths of cores produced without wax stabilization were 38.4% higher than cores produced using the traditional method, in which residual wax seriously polluted the adhesive. It was also found that eliminating the wax process can reduce costs.     

In-process thermal treatment of polylactic acid in fused deposition modelling

Polylactic acid (PLA) is one of the most widely used open source fused filament fabrication materials due to its ease of extrusion, biodegradability, and mechanical strength. The mechanical strength of PLA largely depends on the proper growth of its semi-crystalline structure, which can be severely impaired by a low rate of crystallization, particularly in open source printers. This can be further aggravated by the non-uniform thermal distribution of heat that causes improper curing among the extruded beads of the printing material. As a result, PLA printed on open source printers does not achieve the best mechanical properties. This research, for the first time, proposes an additive-free solution implemented through a detailed set of experimentation to improve the curing rate through in-process temperature variations to cure the joints among the beads. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy is used to confirm the improvements in the bead joints. This work is conducted in two phases of experiments. In the first phase, a full factorial ANOVA is used to investigate various process parameters and the important variables are used in the second phase to print test specimens in four different sets.     

Investigation of the Corrosion Behaviors of HVOF-Sprayed Carbide Cernet Coatings in Molten Al-Zn-Si Alloy Bath

In continuous hot-dip galvanization process the corrosion and chemical stability of the sink roll in the galvanizing bath are important problem which effects on the quality and productivity. In order to protect the sink roll the carbide cermet and/or ceramic coatings were deposited on the surface of the sink roll. The WC-, Cr3 C2-cermet coatings were deposited by high velocity oxygen fuel (HVOF) spray, respectively. The coating samples were immersed in molten Zn-alloy containing 50 wt % aluminum at 833 K for 24 hr and 144 hr, respectively. The inter-diffusion and inter-reaction of Zn, Al and elements in coating and corrosion behaviors of these coatings were investigated by XRD, SEM and EPMA etc. The corrosion mechanisms of the carbide cermet coatings and ceramic coatings in molten High Al-Zn-alloy were approached.     

Fundamental study of adhesion of ice to cooling solid surface (Discussion on influence of copper oxide layer on ice adhesion force)

In many situations, ice often adheres to a cooling solid surface, frequently causing serious accidents. It is critical to clarify the mechanism of ice adhesion to the cooling surface in order to prevent ice adhesion. In a past study, the shearing stresses of two kinds of test plates with a copper surface having the higher thermal conductivity were measured. The shearing stress corresponds to ice adhesion force. Both shearing stresses were significantly different; however, the cause remains unclear.Therefore, the present study focuses on an oxide layer as the main factor causing the difference of both shearing stresses; the influence of the oxide layer formed on shearing stress was discussed. And in the removal and reformation processes of the oxide layer, the time variation of the shearing stress was clarified. Moreover, the relationship between the state of the copper surface and the shearing stress was also clarified by surface analysis.     

重塑标准推行格局 推动LED照明的普及（英文）

正When you are enjoying the green,energy-saving and healthy lighting of IKEA LED luminaire,you may not realize that most of IKEA’s LED bulbs are produced by the LED luminaire smart manufacturing system of Hangzhou Zhongwei Photoelectricity CO.,LTD(ZVISION).No longer enclosed in the laboratory,the product standards are brought into the factory workshop and even to the entire production process.Thus,the standards are promoted and applied in a favorable way by enterprises,benefitting consumers with high quality products.     

Chinese Experts Contribute to ISO＇s New Toy Standards

正The international standard,ISO 8124-6,Safety of toys–Part 6:Certain phthalate esters in toys and children’s products,was officially issued by ISO worldwide on August 15.It was the first time for Chinese experts to lead the ISO standard development in toys industry.The standard was drafted by a group of Chinese experts from SAC/TC for toys and relevant Chinese departments and finally completed by a dedicated international group of experts.ISO 8124-6 makes a substantive breakthrough in the aspects of the scope of toys,limitation of plasticizer types,control of test cost,accuracy of test,operation convenience,etc.,offering the operational guidance for toy manufactures and testing laboratories.     

中国质量(北京)大会(英文)

正Themed on"quality,innovation,development",the first China Quality Conference(Beijing)was held in the Great Hall of the People on September 15.Chinese Premier Li Keqiang delivered an important speech at the conference.State Councilor Yang Jing and Wang Yong attended the conference with over 600 domestic and international representatives from foreign,regional and international quality organizations     

National Working Meeting on Land and Resources Standardization

正The National Working Meeting on Land and Resources Standardization was held in Beijing on July 15,2014.Wang Min,the Deputy-Minister of the Ministry of Land and Resources,and Yin Minghan,the Chief-Engineer of SAC addressed the meeting.Representatives from relevant competent departments and technical committees were present.The meeting aims to summarize work,discuss existing problems and make clear working thoughts,promoting standardization work of land and resources to a new level.Wang Min pointed out that the standardization work of land and resources should be centered on the basic principles of"protecting land and resources dutifully,intensively and economically utilizing land and resources,and making all-out efforts to safeguard the public’s rights and interests",highlighted the