基于VB的质量计量数据处理与管理系统软件的设计

为实现计算机技术在质量计量工作中的应用,根据本单位质量计量工作的实际需要,以VB.NET为开发语言和平台,设计开发了质量计量检定和实验室质量管理工作要求的软件系统,提高了质量计量工作的效率.     

二次通用旋转组合设计法优化水溶性壳聚糖 / 纤维素复合膜的制备工艺

采用二次通用旋转试验设计,对水溶性壳聚糖/纤维素复合膜的制备工艺进行了优化,建立了复合膜的拉伸强度与水溶性壳聚糖质量分数、纤维素质量分数、甘油浓度的二次回归数学模型,并利用该模型探讨了各因素对复合膜的拉伸强度的影响。结果表明,各因素对复合膜的拉伸强度作用大小依次为纤维素质量分数>甘油质量分数>水溶性壳聚糖质量分数;水溶性壳聚糖质量分数为3.6%,纤维素质量分数为2.5%,甘油质量分数为10%时,复合膜的性能最优,在该条件下,复合膜的拉伸强度为0.801 MPa,伸长率为15.2%,且柔软度为288 mN。     

武进:开展“质量和安全年”活动成效显著

为扎实有效地开展"质量和安全年"活动,从年初开始,常州市武进质监局就制定了《武进质监局"质量和安全年"活动方案》,并对活动方案进行了具体分解,把"促发展、保安全、严监管、惠民生、强队伍"作为主要工作,以科学发展观为引领,以深化质量振兴工作为抓手,以全面提升质量安全水平为目标,突出"质量宣传年、质量服务年、质量整治年、质量提升年和质量建设年"五大活动主题,积极探索新思路、新方法、新途径,把创新的理念转化为创新的思路,推进"两大战略"和确保"两个安全",切实提高了活动对促进地方经济发展的有效性。     

基于检验优化的动态质量控制系统模型研究

动态质量控制系统是先进制造技术中的一个重要的子系统.本文研究了动态质量信息系统的组成和特点,以质量控制活动和质量数据处理自动化为设计目标,通过质量检验将质量计划和质量控制环节集成为一体建立了闭环质量系统模型.在质量异常情况时,除报警外也可根据质量模型诊断并定位产生质量变异的工序,针对该工序调整已经预估的工序质量水平,反馈给在线质量计划部分,调整检验计划将重点向关键工序倾斜,预防质量异常的发生.     

基于墨点保真度的喷墨印刷质量分析与评价

对墨点质量进行了分析,提出了以墨点保真度为评价标准的质量分析方法。介绍了基于最小覆盖圆的墨滴的理想面积,在此基础上引入了计算机图像分析法,给出了基于图像分析法的喷墨印刷质量评价方法。为喷墨印刷质量检测提出了一种简便可行的方法,此方法较传统质量分析法更为直接,适合于任意的喷墨印刷过程。     

复杂质量结构产品参数设计的粒子群优化算法

首先提出了质量结构的概念,以质量结构模型表征复杂产品的质量特征,并基于产品的质量结构建立复杂产品系统参数设计模型,调用改进的粒子群优化算法求解,从而完成了复杂质量结构产品参数设计过程,为复杂质量结构产品的参数设计提供了一种新的思路。最后以气动换向装置的参数设计为例说明了所提方法的应用过程,验证了其可行性和有效性,得到设计参数的最优组合为换向活塞直径25.4851mm、气缸内气压3.2MPa及换向行程51.8mm。     

谈谈高层建筑安装工程预留预埋阶段的质量管理

高层建筑安装工程预留、预埋阶段施工质量的优劣直接影响着建筑工程的质量水平,为防止安装工程出现质量通病,对预留、预埋阶段的质量管理采取了一些有效措施,集中精力抓好前期质量管理,强化过程管理,为后期施工提供良好的保证.     

水利水电工程砼施工过程管理

本文为加强混凝土施工质量,解释了质量的定义,并从管理、人员、组织、材料等等各方面讨论了质量的重要性,并说明质量改进的方式方法。     

关于水资源环境质量评价的研究

水资源环境质量评价是探究水资源环境质量现状和变化的理论、方法及其应用技术的科学,是环境质量评价体系中一种单要素评价。本文从环境监测工作者和水资源环境质量评价内涵的角度出发,阐述了水资源环境质量评价的原则和标准,论证了水资源环境质量评价的基本方法,分析了水资源环境质量评价的重要意义。以期为今后的水资源环境质量评价工作和构建“水资源,水生态,水环境,水质量”社会氖围提供参考,为国民经济和社会发展提供有关水资源质量、水环境问题的决策依据。     

基于实名制质量信用信息化平台建设定位分析

本文明确了质量信用和质量信用体系的内涵,并从宏观层面,阐述了基于实名制质量信用信息化平台建设在社会质量信用体系中的定位;从技术层面,剖析了基于实名制质量信用信息化平台在质检系统内与质检系统外的双线应用接口定位,为平台建设明确了研究方向,同时为其他领域信用信息化平台建设,乃至社会信用信息化平台建设提供了参考思路。     

Current Status of Transport Properties of Hydrogen

This article contains a survey of experimental data for the thermal conductivity and viscosity of hydrogen, which are needed for many applications in system analysis and design. It includes an analysis of the current standard models for thermal conductivity and viscosity of normal hydrogen and parahydrogen, which are based on measurement and correlation work done before the mid1980s. Properties calculated with these models are analyzed and compared to all available experimental data for normal hydrogen and parahydrogen. Finally, recommendations for future work, including new experimental measurements to enable the development of improved transport property formulations for hydrogen, are provided.     

Analysis of applicability of small-sized specimens to prediction of temperature dependence of fracture toughness

The paper addresses the use of small-sized specimens of various types, including those with deep (50%) side grooves, for the purpose of fracture toughness prediction. The experimental data for numerous (more than 500) small-sized specimens prepared from materials of various degrees of embrittlement are compared to the test results for full-sized specimens of C(T) type. The concepts of Master Curve and Unified Curve are applied for the processing of experimental data. To handle the test results for small-sized deep-grooved specimens a calculation procedure has been elaborated, which adjusts the calculation method specified in the ASTM Standard E 1921. We provide recommendations of how to use precracked Charpy type deep-grooved (50%) specimens for prediction of a representative temperature dependence of fracture toughness. Translated from Problemy Prochnosti, No. 2, pp. 5–26, March–April, 2009.     

Optoelectronic Method of Noncontacting Reconstruction of the Profile of a Surface of Three Dimensional Objects of Large Dimensions

An optoelectronic method is considered for noncontacting reconstruction of the surface profile of three-dimensional objects of large dimensions. The optimal conditions for performing measurements are identified. It is shown that the proposed method, in contrast to the already known methods, does not require fine tuning of the equipment. A numerical method is given for compensating distortions caused by aberrations. A method is described for reconstructing the surface profile cell by cell which increases the accuracy of measurements.     

A simulation study of the effect of varying nitrogen potential on behavior of precipitation in nitridation of alloys

An atomic model for precipitation of compound in alloys, which couples a cellular automaton model for growth/dissociation of precipitates and a randomwalk model for diffusion, has been developed and programmed for two-dimensional computer simulation. A boundary condition that accounts for both atmospheric nitrogen potential and interface transfer rate of nitrogen at the surface has been set up. A series of simulations were carried out for a qualitative study of the effect of varying nitrogen potential during nitridation of alloy steels on kinetics and morphology of nitride precipitation behavior.     

Calibration of reliability index of RC beams for serviceability limit state of maximum crack width

This paper discusses the calibration of reliability index of RC beams in buildings for serviceability limit state of maximum crack width. Based on a group of tests on RC beams for maximum crack width, model uncertainty in complicated expressions for the limit state stipulated by China code for design of concrete structures for concrete beams was estimated. Formulations of the first-order reliability method for evaluating the reliability indexes for this limit state were developed. Sensitivities of the reliability index to the ratio of variable load to permanent load, ratio of reinforcement, section depth, radius of longitudinal reinforcing steel, nominal cover, concrete cube strength, and allowable width limit were discussed.     

Analysis of Photothermal Characterization of Layered Materials – Design of Optimal Experiments

In this paper numerical calculations are presented for the steady-periodic temperature in layered materials and functionally-graded materials to simulate photothermal methods for the measurement of thermal properties. No laboratory experiments were performed. The temperature is found from a new Green's function formulation which is particularly well-suited to machine calculation. The simulation method is verified by comparison with literature data for a layered material. The method is applied to a class of two-component functionally-graded materials, and results for temperature and sensitivity coefficients are presented. An optimality criterion, based on the sensitivity coefficients, is used for choosing what experimental conditions will be needed for photothermal measurements to determine the spatial distribution of thermal properties. This method for optimal experiment design is completely general and may be applied to any photothermal technique and to any material with spatial variation of thermal properties.     

材料变形抗力的能量解析原理

本文根据热力学能量理论给出了材料变形抗力的理论解析式。按该式计算的材料的屈服强度与实验值吻合较好,对于未知热容量的材料,本文给出了材料的平均热容与熔点的关系曲线,由此可查到其平均热容,进而计算其屈服强度。该研究不仅在高温塑性成形领域具有重要的实际意义,而且为新材料的研究开发提供了重要的理论基础。同时也提供了测量材料屈服强度的一种新的方法。     

一起珠光砂堵塞过冷器的故障处理

在KDON-4500/4500-3型空分设备精馏塔大加温过程中发生管道断裂故障,珠光砂进入纯氮通道堵塞过冷器并造成空分设备停车。介绍为排除故障而对过冷器进行正、反向吹扫的管线流程。阐述了为避免同类故障再次发生,对冷箱内管道、支架所作的改进措施以及精馏塔加温吹扫的优化操作。     

Evaluation of optical properties of highly scattering media by moments of distributions of times of flight of photons

A novel method for the determination of the optical properties of tissue from time-domain measurements is presented. The data analysis is based on the evaluation of the first moment and the second centralized moment, i.e., the mean time of flight and the variance of the measured distribution of times of flight (DTOF) of photons injected by short (picosecond) laser pulses. Analytical expressions are derived for calculation of absorption and of reduced scattering coefficients from these moments by application of diffusion theory for infinite and semi-infinite homogeneous media. The proposed method was tested on experimental data obtained with phantoms, and results for absorption and reduced scattering coefficients obtained by the proposed method are compared with those obtained by fitting of the same data with analytical solutions of the diffusion equation. Furthermore, the accuracy of the moment analysis was investigated for a range of integration limits of the DTOF. The moment analysis may serve as a comparatively fast method for evaluating optical properties with sufficient accuracy and can be used, e.g., for on-line monitoring of optical properties of biological tissue.     

Quantitative assessment of the comparative nanoparticle-uptake efficiency of a range of cell lines

The mechanism(s) of nanoparticle-cell interactions are still not understood. At present there is little knowledge of the relevant length- and timescales for nanoparticle intracellular entry and localization within cells, or the cell-specificity of nanoparticle uptake and localisation. Here, the effect of particle size on the in-vitro intracellular uptake of model fluorescent carboxyl-modified polystyrene nanoparticles is investigated in various cell lines. A range of micro- and nanoparticles of defined sizes (40 nm to 2 μm) are incubated with a series of cell types, including HeLa and A549 epithelial cells, 1321N1 astrocytes, HCMEC D3 endothelial cells, and murine RAW 264.7 macrophages. Techniques such as confocal microscopy and flow cytometry are used to study particle uptake and subcellular localisation, making significant efforts to ensure reproducibility in a semiquantitative approach. The results indicate that internalization of (nano)particles is highly size-dependent for all cell lines studied, and the kinetics of uptake for the same type of nanoparticle varies in the different cell types. Interestingly, even cells not specialized for phagocytosis are able to internalize the larger nanoparticles. Intracellular uptake of all sizes of particles is observed to be highest in RAW 264.7 cells (a specialized phagocytic cell line) and the lowest in the HeLa cells. These results suggest that (nano)particle uptake might not follow commonly defined size limits for uptake processes, and highlight the variability of uptake kinetics for the same material in different cell types. These conclusions have important implications for the assessment of the safety of nanomaterials and for the potential biomedical applications of nanoparticles.