阳离子有机高分子絮凝剂的研究进展

絮凝沉淀法是广泛使用的水处理技术之一,而絮凝剂是絮凝法水处理的核心技术.与无机絮凝剂相比,有机高分子絮凝剂具有用量少、成本低、毒性小等优点,因此它的开发应用越来越受关注.而阳离子有机高分子絮凝剂由于带有可离解的阳离子更适合于水处理应用.本文介绍了阳离子聚丙烯酰胺类、天然高分子改性类、烷基烯丙基卤化铵类和环氧氯丙烷与胺反...     

有机高分子絮凝剂在污泥脱水中的应用

随着污泥成分的复杂化，与无机絮凝剂相比有机高分子絮凝剂展示出优异的脱水性能。文中阐述了近年来用于污泥脱水的各类有机高分子絮凝剂及其在污泥脱水中的最新应用研究、污泥脱水方法和影响污泥脱水性能的因素。对絮凝剂的选择和污泥处理方法进行总结，得出：(1)选择阳离子性基团总数大于阴离子性基团总数的一种或多种絮凝剂；(2)采用先加入含有阳离子(或阳离子性)基团的无机(或有机)絮凝剂，然后加入分子量较高的有机高分子絮凝剂(两性型、阳离子型、非离子型或阴离子型)的污泥脱水方法。     

国外高分子絮凝剂的生产和应用

一、絮凝剂的发展有机高分子絮凝剂出现于本世纪五十年代中期(1954年),是美国Dow公司开发的,商品名为Separan,用于铀矿的沥取。六十年代中,高分子絮凝剂逐渐发展成系列品种,应用迅速扩大,如水处理、环境保护、冶金选矿以及在各工业生产中的澄清、过滤等固-液分离过程。     

低电荷密度的两性高分子絮凝剂絮凝机理初步探讨

详细讨论了两性高分子絮凝剂P（AM-DM-MA）体系中，阴，阳离子基团相对含量以及絮凝剂加量对絮凝性能的影响，结果表明，阳离子基团含量为10mol%，阴离子基团为2mol%-4mol%时絮凝性能最佳。且絮凝剂加量范围很宽。此外通过对悬浮体系和絮凝剂本身的统计分析，认为两性高分子絮凝剂对硅藻土悬浮体系的絮凝是通过若干个高分子链“桥连”而形成粗大的絮体，并非一个高分子链连接几个悬浮颗粒。     

有机高分子絮凝剂对钛液沉降性能的影响

针对硫酸法钛白粉生产中钛液沉降净化过程,选用不同钛液沉降用商品絮凝剂,进行钛液沉降效果实验研究.分别从有机高分子絮凝剂的分子量、阳离子度、分子结构几方面研究其对钛液沉降效果的影响.结果表明,当絮凝剂的分子量在600～800万之间,阳离子度在36%～45%之间,其对钛液的沉降效果明显;絮凝剂结构也会影响到钛液沉降效果.     

天然有机高分子及其改性产品在污水处理中的应用

天然有机高分子及其改性产品以其来源广、价廉、残留毒性小的独特优势在污水处理中广泛用作絮凝剂、重金属吸附剂。文章着重介绍了近年来研究较多的淀粉类、甲壳素 /壳聚糖类在污水处理中的应用 ,同时还介绍了其他天然有机高分子及其改性产品在该行业中的应用。     

福州市东区水厂除藻效果的研究

本文通过对无机混凝剂和有机高分子絮凝剂筛选实验,筛选出聚合氯化铝铁和阳离子高分子聚丙烯酰胺F04190絮凝剂配合处理高藻水效果很好,应用于生产试验时利用现有工艺能保证提高水质前提下节约药剂。通过正交试验得出各因素对沉淀水浑浊度指标影响的大小是:混凝剂>絮凝剂>氯气;各因素对沉淀水藻类数量指标影响的大小是:混凝剂>氯气>絮凝剂。通过正交实验法的平均值分析同时得出最佳去除浑浊度和去除藻类数量的各因素选取水平。     

赤泥分离用合成高分子絮凝剂的研究进展

合成高分子絮凝剂是氧化铝生产过程赤泥分离工序的重要添加剂。综述了国内外赤泥分离用合成高分子絮凝剂在分子量、品种、剂型及效果等方面的进展，并指出了当前研究中存在的问题及发展动向。     

有机高分子磁性材料研究进展

有机高分子磁性材料作为一种新型的功能材料,在超高频装置、高密度存贮材料、吸波材料和微电子工业等需要轻质磁性材料的领域具有很好的应用前景。室温稳定且具有实用价值的有机高分子磁性材料一直是该领域研究的热点。文中概述了纯有机类,大π键体系类,电荷转移复合物类和含金属原子复合物类等有机高分子磁性材料的最新研究进展,并介绍了各类有机高分子磁性材料的磁性能特点。     

延缓疏水膜润湿的原料液预处理方法研究

亲水化渗漏是疏水膜技术应用面临的关键性瓶颈问题之一,其产生的主要原因是水体中污染物中的表面活性物质对疏水膜的润湿作用.本文提出利用絮凝强化气-液萃取的预处理工艺以去除原液中的表面活性物质,以期减缓疏水膜的润湿进程.以十二烷基苯磺酸钠来模拟代表水体中腐殖酸等荷负电性表面活性物质,用聚偏氟乙烯中空纤维疏水膜进行减压膜蒸馏的润湿实验,探究预处理方法、预处理过程中絮凝剂的荷电性、种类以及用量对疏水膜材料亲水化渗漏的影响.结果表明：絮凝强化气-液萃取的预处理工艺可以有效去除原料液中的表面活性物质;阳离子型絮凝剂预处理效果优于阴离子型;有机絮凝剂预处理效果优于无机絮凝剂;当阳离子型聚丙烯酰胺加入量为12 mg/L时,表面活性物质十二烷基苯磺酸钠的去除率与未经絮凝预处理相比提高了17%.     

Preparation and flocculation properties of cationic starch/chitosan crosslinking-copolymer

A novel flocculant (CATCS) based on corn starch and chitosan was prepared and its flocculation behaviors were studied. The synthesis conditions of CATCS were discussed and the production obtained was characterized using Fourier infrared spectra and scanning electron microscopy. Flocculation properties of the products were evaluated in terms of transmittance, removal of organic contaminant and solid suspending substances. Influences of temperature, pH and flocculant dosage on flocculation efficiency of CATCS were examined. CATCS had better flocculation performance at lower temperature for the wastewater investigated. CATCS showed better flocculation performance than cationic starch and chitosan in 5 g/L kaolin suspension trended to performance well in acidic and alkaline solution. The comparison of the flocculation performance between CATCS, Fe₂ (SO₄)₃ and polyacrylamide showed CATCS had much efficient flocculation performance. In addition, cationic starch was prepared from corn starch using microwave-assisted method.     

TXC/CMC复合絮凝剂对污泥CST的影响研究

以无机絮凝剂钛干凝胶(TXC),羧甲基壳聚糖(CMC)为原料,制备出了新型TXC/CMC复合絮凝剂,采用FTIR和XRD对新型复合絮凝剂进行表征。结果表明,壳聚糖已经成功羧基化,而且TXC也顺利掺入复合絮凝剂中。以毛细吸水时间(CST)的变化为检测指标,考察了TXC与CMC的复合比,TXC、CMC、TXC/CMC复合絮凝剂的pH、反应温度和絮凝剂投加量对离心式处理的剩余污泥脱水性能的影响。当TXC与CMC的复合比为5∶1时,复合絮凝剂对剩余污泥调理效果最好,其CST最小。复合絮凝剂对CST的影响与反应温度负相关,而随初始pH和投加量的增加呈先降低后提高的趋势。污泥初始pH值为7时,复合絮凝剂投加量为30 mg/g,反应温度为35℃时,污泥调理效果最好,CST为9.7 s,降幅为54%。     

Improvement of paint effluents coagulation using natural and synthetic coagulant aids

The coagulant iron chloride and the flocculants Polysep 3000 (PO), Superfloc A-1820 (SU) and Praestol 2515 TR (PR) have been used in this study to show the efficiency of coagulation flocculation process in the chemical precipitation method for the removal of organic and colouring matters from the paint industry wastewater. This study also includes the amount of produced sludge. The results indicate that FeCl(3) is efficient at pH range 8-9 and at optimal dose of 650 mgl(-1). Iron chloride allows the removal of 82% of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and 94% of colour. However, sequential addition of coagulant and polymeric additives enhance clearly pollutant removal and produces less decanted sludge compared to the results obtained when the coagulant is used alone. The removal efficiency of COD reaches 91% and that of colour 99%. Coagulation-biflocculation process is more effective than the coagulation-monoflocculation one. The sequential addition of iron chloride, Polysep 3000 (cationic flocculant) and Praestol 2515 TR (anionic flocculant) seems to be the most suitable combination for the treatment of the paint industry wastewaters.     

复合絮凝剂PAC-CTS的制备及其絮凝性能研究

本研究制备了复合絮凝剂聚合氯化铝-壳聚糖(PAC-CTS),并用其对模拟染料和合成废水进行了絮凝研究.絮凝剂在曙红染料和湖蓝染料的最佳投放量分别为40.0mg/L和30.0mg/L,经过对比确定了絮凝剂的碱化度为2.0,C值为1/10时,其絮凝效果是最好的,脱色率和COD均高达99％以上.在对金属废水的絮凝中,固定的p...     

微波法制备羧甲基壳聚糖及其在水处理中的应用

采用微波辐射技术、多次醚化工艺改性壳聚糖,合成了水溶性良好的羧甲基壳聚糖。讨论了原水pH值、产品用量对其絮凝性能及产品用量对其脱色性能的影响。结果表明,微波法合成羧甲基壳聚糖工艺简单,大大缩短了反应时间,产物具有良好的絮凝和脱色效果。     

Methodology for flocculant selection in fibre–cement manufacture

In the Hatschek process used to produce fibre–cement products, it is necessary to use a suitable flocculant when asbestos is substituted by pulp fibres. The right selection of flocculant is crucial in the industrial process due to its effects on mineral fines retention, dewatering and formation and, as a consequence, on the overall efficiency of the machine. This paper presents a two-step methodology for flocculant selection in the fibre–cement manufacture. The first step is based on the study of the flocculation processes and the flock properties, using a focused beam reflectance measurement (FBRM). This technique allows the study of flock size, flock stability and flock resistance to shear forces, reflocculation tendency and reversibility of the flocks, as well as the optimal flocculant dosage for each particular fibre–cement suspension. The second step uses a drainage vacuum tester to study retention and dewatering. The two techniques give important and complementary informations that allow a proper selection of the best flocculant for the fibre–cement manufacture.     

Al(Ⅲ)改性胶原蛋白絮凝材料的结构表征及对废弃钻井液絮凝的研究

利用鞣制化学中铝鞣机理,将Al(Ⅲ)络合在明胶水解得到的胶原蛋白分子上,制备Al(Ⅲ)改性胶原蛋白絮凝材料,利用XRD、荧光光谱和XPS对产物结构及作用机理进行表征与分析。将所制备的絮凝剂用于油田废弃钻井液的絮凝,以其CODCr去除率和悬浮物含量为指标,考察了絮凝条件对废弃钻井液处理效果的影响。结果表明胶原蛋白分子与Al(Ⅲ)间发生了配位反应,制备出了Al(Ⅲ)改性胶原蛋白絮凝剂。其用于废弃钻井液絮凝时,用量为20.7g/L,pH值为6～9,温度为20～40℃。絮凝后,废弃钻井液CODCr去除率达80.1%,悬浮物含量从初始的2115mg/L降至190mg/L,絮凝效果明显。