60℃固化缠绕用环氧树脂体系

采用DSC和凝胶时间方法优选促进剂种类,研制出一种于60℃固化的TDE-85/芳香胺树脂体系,制作单向复合材料和φ150mm标准压力容器并进行了性能测试.结果表明:该树脂体系具有适宜的粘度和足够的使用期,同时浇铸体力学性能优异,能在60℃左右完全固化,适合干湿法缠绕成型.容器实验也表明其能满足干湿法缠绕工艺,具有高温固化树脂体系相同的容器性能,尤其是强度转化率很高,高强2#玻璃纤维和F-12纤维分别达到99.1%和79.5%.     

φ200mm轻型石英反射镜的研制

本文报导了φ200mm轻型石英反射镜研制结果。研究分析了轻型反射镜对材料的要求,选择了石英做主反射镜材料;研究了具有高结合强度的封接材料及封接技术;研究了环辐型、多环型、井字型及六角型轻型结构,选择了多环型及六角型结构制成了φ150及φ200mm轻型石英反射镜;进行了高温、低温、一年时效、高能电子辐照、高能质子辐照及振动对轻型石英反射镜光学质量影响的研究,研究结果表明具有稳定的光学质量。可做为天文望远镜、卫星及激光系统主反射镜以及高稳定性的台基。     

不同纺丝工艺T800炭纤维及其缠绕压力容器性能差异性研究（英文）

对比分析了采用不同纺丝工艺制备的T800HB炭纤维与T800SC炭纤维之间的微观形态、NOL环性能、压力容器应变分布及水压实验的性能差异。结果表明,纺丝工艺不同使得T800HB炭纤维较T800SC炭纤维脆性更大,与树脂基体结合更强,导致复合材料拉伸破坏时吸收能量较少而影响其拉伸性能的发挥。采用T800HB炭纤维制备的复合材料压力容器在封头上靠近赤道位置处产生了更高的压缩应变,更易在此处发生低压爆破。Φ150 mm压力容器水压检测结果表明,T800HB炭纤维压力容器由于低压破坏,环向纤维强度发挥率仅为72%,容器特性系数为34.8 km;而T800SC炭纤维压力容器环向纤维强度发挥率达92.3%,容器特性系数达47.2 km。因此,采用干喷湿纺工艺所制T800SC炭纤维更适合缠绕工艺制备压力容器。     

基于圆环和等强度截面的纤维缠绕环形容器设计与分析

复合材料环形压力容器以其特有的结构形状得到了日益广泛的应用.目前关于纤维缠绕环形容器的研究主要局限于测地线缠绕圆环截面容器.由于环形容器的结构效率取决于它的管截面形状,所以使用圆环截面的环形容器无法实现等强度结构.本文提出了分别使用圆环截面和等强度截面的环形压力容器设计方法,并对二者进行了比较.基于最小应变能准则,得到了缠绕层铺设角和环壳内力间的最优化关系.根据网格理论,考虑截面缠绕层的厚度变化,导出了圆环容器缠绕的最优线型.引入应力比,分析了环壳上纤维的应力分布.描述了等强度经线曲线的一般形状,分析了轴向截荷对等强度曲线形状的影响.计算结果表明当轴向载荷达到一定数值时,等强度曲线能够实现闭合形成环形容器.进一步计算和比较了两种截面形状的环形压力容器在不同相对弯曲半径下的结构质量.研究表明,使用等强度截面设计的环形容器比使用圆环截面的环形容器要轻的多.通过等强度截面设计,环形压力容器的结构性能得到了明显的提高.     

基于圆环和等强度截面的纤维缠绕环形容器设计与分析EI

复合材料环形压力容器以其特有的结构形状得到了日益广泛的应用.目前关于纤维缠绕环形容器的研究主要局限于测地线缠绕圆环截面容器.由于环形容器的结构效率取决于它的管截面形状,所以使用圆环截面的环形容器无法实现等强度结构.本文提出了分别使用圆环截面和等强度截面的环形压力容器设计方法,并对二者进行了比较.基于最小应变能准则,得到了缠绕层铺设角和环壳内力间的最优化关系.根据网格理论,考虑截面缠绕层的厚度变化,导出了圆环容器缠绕的最优线型.引入应力比,分析了环壳上纤维的应力分布.描述了等强度经线曲线的一般形状,分析了轴向截荷对等强度曲线形状的影响.计算结果表明当轴向载荷达到一定数值时,等强度曲线能够实现闭合形成环形容器.进一步计算和比较了两种截面形状的环形压力容器在不同相对弯曲半径下的结构质量.研究表明,使用等强度截面设计的环形容器比使用圆环截面的环形容器要轻的多.通过等强度截面设计,环形压力容器的结构性能得到了明显的提高.     

工业CT无损检测炸药部件模拟实验研究

进行了工业CT无损检测炸药部件内部质量的模拟实验研究.检测出了φ150mm的模拟样品中φ03mm的铜丝、中1mm的孔隙等缺陷,检测出了φ30mm炸药代用材料内部1mm尺度上的不均匀性.研究了局部密度检测的标定技术,检测出了密度模拟样品内部φ26mm局部之间密度0.1 5%的变化.该标定技术具有简单、灵活、准确、实用的特点.     

芳纶复合材料的界面粘结

为改善芳纶纤维增强树脂基复合材料中界面粘结强度,本研究用Mctowo.Takayanagi——化学处理法,对芳纶1414纤维进行表面处理.并依据红外光谱分析(IR),元素分析(E.A.),XPS能谱分析等近似估价芳纶1414纤维表面导入约88mol%接技率的E-51环氧化合物.用单纤维拉拔实验法直接测定芳纶1414纤维/环氧树脂基体体系的界面剪切强度.实验结果表明,芳纶1414纤维经表面环氧接技化处理后,可较明显地提高界面剪切强度而对纤维拉伸强度的降低较小.树脂基体性能对界面剪切强度的影响较显著.通过电子显微镜(SEM)观察被拔出纤维及树脂孔穴的破坏形貌,解析界面破坏机理.     

高性能CFRP增强纤维表面状态分析及性能研究

为研究高性能炭纤维的表面特征及炭纤维与环氧树脂基体之间的界面结合,获得高性能的结构型炭纤维/环氧树脂复合材料(CFRP).采用红外光谱、扫描电镜、X射线光电子能谱仪、单向板、NOL环、Φ150 mm压力容器等方法,对炭纤维/环氧树脂复合材料(CFRP)3种高性能炭纤维表面状态及复合材料性能进行了系统研究.结果表明,3种炭纤维表面涂层均能参与环氧基团固化反应在界面上形成化学键;UT500系列炭纤维表面轴向沟槽可与树脂基体通过物理"机械啮合"作用形成更强的界面结合;UT500-12K炭纤维/E-51单向板剪切强度为91.46 MPa,NOL环剪切强度为77.16 MPa,分别比T700-12K/E-51体系高约40%.CFRP复合材料中炭纤维的微观结构、表面活性是决定复合材料界面结合的重要因素,直接影响复合材料制品的含胶量,进而影响其综合力学性能.     

如何减少玻璃容器表面的损坏

一个玻璃容器在初成型时,其表面强度是非常高的,但到包装作成完成时,玻璃容器的表面往往因各种因素遭到损坏,使容器的强度减弱,根据英国一家公司的研究,玻璃容器的表面强度,因处理不当,会比初成型时原来强度丧失60％以上。 如何改变这种情况呢? 今日市场对轻量容器要求能够抗冲击、耐热、耐震、能经受内部气体压力等等都是很关切的,但是对玻璃容器表面强度的在无形中丧失这一非常敏感的物理状态却常常被遗忘,特别是热端处理阶段和玻璃容器在运输传送阶段,对这一现象常被忽视。     

陶瓷/树脂/纤维超混杂复合材料的界面控制

以具有不同表面状态的泡沫SiC陶瓷为基本骨架,以改性酚醛树脂为基体,加入短切高硅氧玻璃纤维制备了陶瓷/纤维/树脂超混杂复合材料,研究了界面控制对超混杂复合材料界面粘结强度的影响.结果表明,对于泡沫SiC陶瓷骨架,在表面生长多孔过渡层或表面堆积SiC颗粒等方法可提高树脂陶瓷之间界面的粘结强度.通过良好的界面控制,可显著提高复合材料的弯曲强度和弯曲模量,模量的提高比强度的提高幅度更大.偶联剂处理使高硅氧纤维与树脂基体的粘结强度增加,从而提高复合材料的弯曲强度.     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.     

Early ironwork in Biscay: Survey,excavation, experimentation and materials characterization. An integral study of the mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte or “haizeolak”)

ABSTRACT

The production of iron in Biscay (Basque Country, Spain) has been a hallmark of this territory of the North of the Iberian Peninsula throughout its history. The Archaeology team of the Basque Country Mining Museum has spent 13 years, so far, studying the origins of this activity through the evidences left at the old pre-hydraulic iron production workshops known as mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte) or haizeolak. It has catalogued 170 archaeometallurgical sites of this type in Biscay, and the archeological excavation of some of them has led to the knowledge of the different stages of the production process that took place in these workshops. The team has also experimentally reproduced the work carried out in a mountainside ironworks from the High Middle Ages, and it has currently started the characterization process of this type of activity through the study of the collected materials.     

Mechanism Study on the Wear of CrAlTiN Coated High-Speed Steel Twist Drills Under Dry Cutting Conditions

As demands about environment protection are growing up, dry cutting technology is getting more and more concerns from all over the world. Main works performed here are study on dry cutting performances and wear mechanisms of M2high-speed steel (HSS) twist drills with CrAlTiN multicomponent coatings, which was deposited using magnetron sputter ion plating system, in drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, and their comparisons to those in drilling the same steel but using monolayer CrN and commercial TiN coated drills. Drilling performances of drills are evaluated mainly through the measurements of width on outer corner flank land and the cutting forces. Results show that performances of CrAlTiN coated drills are better than those of monolayer CrN and TiN coated drills. In drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, the average tool life of the CrAlTiN coated drills are 17.2 and 11.8 times higher than those of the uncoated drills. Observing wear of the drill with scanning electronic microscope, results show that there is no crack or spallation of the CrAlTiN coatings in wear zones. Main mechanism of the wear here is adhesion.     

Study on Bond Ability of Arc-Spraying Coatings with Different Surface Pretreatment on Cast-Iron

Arc spraying coatings are widely used in various applications, but uncommon in cast iron substrate. Different surface pretreatment technology is tested on substrates of gray cast iron. Surface roughness and residual stress were measured by TR200 and X-ray diffraction analyzer. Influence of different surface pretreatment methods ( dry blasting and fusebond) on roughness and residual stress was analyzed. The arc-sprayed coatings of wire 3Cr13 (φ2mm) on gray cast iron substrate is studied. The microstructure and interface of bonding layer were observed by SEM. The bond strength was taken by tensile test. Results show that bond strength with grit blasting is higher than fuse-bond; it is feasible to make wire 3Cr13 coating with arc spraying on cast iron substrate roughened by grit blasting.     

Structural Characteristics of TiO2 Ceramic Coating by Micro-Plasma Oxidation

TiO2 ceramic coatings with thickness of 20 μm were formed on the surface of pure titanium by micro-plasma oxidation. Their micro-structures were investigated by by using X-ray diffraction and their surface images were detected by using scan electronic microscope. There were three kinds of TiO2 coatings, pure anatase type TiO2 phase, mixed phases consisted of rutile type TiO2 phase and anatase type TiO2 phase, pure rutile type TiO2 phase. The coating surface with the pure anatase type TiO2 phase is rough, while the coating surface with the pure rutile type TiO2phase is smooth. The upper coating surface with the mixed type TiO2 phases is anatase type TiO2 structure and the subsurface of the TiO2 coating is rutile type TiO2structure.     

Evaluation of fatigue life of steel using steel grain size

The insightful discussion of the relationship between the construction of metallographic and fatigue life and proposition of mathematical relationships describing this relationship was conducted in the paper. This paper presents a method for estimating the fatigue life, based on the construction of the microstructural material taking into account the grain size and the participation of ferrite and pearlite phase.