Cu基三元合金与SiC之间的润湿性及界面反应

采用静滴法，电子探针和扫描电镜研究了Ｃｕ－Ｓｎ－Ｍ（Ｍ＝Ｔｉ，Ｚｒ，Ｃｒ）三元合金与烧结碳化硅及单晶碳化硅间的润湿性及界面反应。在Ｃｕ－Ｓｎ－Ｔｉ合金与两种碳化硅垫片的铺展前沿均发现有前驱膜存在，同时在Ｃｕ８５Ｓｎ１０Ｔｉ５与烧结碳化硅的界面发现裂纹。实验结果表明：Ｔｉ的加入显著改善Ｃｕ－Ｓｎ二元合金与碳化硅间的润湿性，其原因是Ｔｉ在界面上的吸附，富集及界面反应。     

简讯

新材料发展现状及 2 1世纪发展趋势研讨会论文摘要新型镁基储氢合金材料镁基储氢合金以其储氢量高 ,质量轻 ,资源丰富 ,价格低廉等优点而受到普遍关注 ,成为最具发展前途的储氢材料。Ｍｇ2 Ｎｉ吸放氢要在高温高压条件下进行 ,为了改善镁基储氢合金的性能 ,添加Ｖ ,Ｃｒ ,Ｆｅ ,Ｃｏ ,Ｃｕ ,Ｔｉ元素部分取代Ｎｉ,降低Ｍｇ Ｎｉ键强度。Ｋｏｈｎｏ等报道Ａｌ,Ｍｎ部分取代Ｍｇ可以有效降低吸氢温度。笔者研究了Ｍｇ2 -ｘＮｉ1-ｙＴｉｘＭｎｙ,Ｍｇ2 -ｘＡｌｘＮｉ等系列合金的结构性能。用扩散法成功合成了Ｍｇ2 -ｘＡｌｘＮｉ (0≤ｘ≤ 0 …     

采用泡沫铜改进ZrCo合金吸放氢性能研究

采用孔隙率大于90％的泡沫铜装填ZrCo合金粉末，测试分析了泡沫铜填充ZrCo合金粉末的吸放氢性能和充放氢抗破坏性能。结果表明：通过泡沫铜填充法制备贮氢块的传热性能比自然堆积状态的粉末有很大提高，因此采用泡沫铜装填的贮氢反应容器吸、放氢速率比自然堆积粉末有明显改善，并显著提高了充放氢抗破坏能力，利用该方法改进贮氢粉末的装填方式是可行的。     

包覆钯和镍后MmNi5基贮氢合金的电极特性

Ｍｍ＿（０．９）Ｔｉ＿（０．１）Ｎｉ＿（３．９）Ｍｎ＿（０．４）Ｃｏ＿（０．４）Ａｌ＿（０．３）合金包覆１０ｗｔ％钯－镍后，电极循环寿命和快速充放电性能有明显提高。同时，钯是较好的吸氢元素，这也提高了负极贮氢合金的电容量利用率。包覆钯－镍的贮氢合金电极２００次循环后电容量仅下降３％。     

Ti2Cu0.8Ni0.2合金的氢化与晶化

对晶态及非晶态Ｔｉ２Ｃｕ０．８Ｎｉ０．２贮氢合金进行氢化。若吸氢程度不高，氢原子是填隙原子，进入钛四面体，对合金结构影响不大，保持晶态及非晶态状态。     

MlβMm1—β（NiCoMnTi）5贮氢合金的电化学性能和Rietveld分析（2）Riet …

在ＡＢ５型混合稀土－镍系贮氢多元合金的研究中，为设计高性能价廉的ＡＢ５型贮氢电极合金，人们对其Ｂ侧多元合金化和Ａ（＝ＲＥ）侧稀奎组元分别进行了系统地研究。本工作通过对ＲＥ（ＮｉＣｏＭｎＴｉ）５合金中称土组元（ＲＥ＝ＭｌβＭｎ１－β）进行组合优化研究，主要还是依赖于市售的混合稀土金属（Ｍｌ和Ｍｍ）原材料，利用不同种类的混合稀土中Ｌａ，Ｃｅ，Ｎｄ，Ｐｒ组中相应变化，来调整其稀土成分。结果表明：Ｍｌ：Ｍ     

Mm合金化对Zr基贮氢合金电极性能的影响作用

本文研究探讨Ｍｍ合金化对难活化的ＡＢ２型Ｚｒ－Ｍｎ－Ｎｉ系贮氢合金的晶体结构,电化学容量及贮氢电极活化等特性的影响作用。Ｍｍ合金化加入可从根本上改善Ｚｒ系贮氢合金电极的活化性能。这与Ｍｍ合金化对贮氢电极合颗粒表面化学改性作用以及合金颗粒体内微结构改变等因素有关,ＸＲＤ分析表明Ｍｍ合金化后同氢后金晶体结构仍为Ｃ１５相,且其中的Ｃ１４型Ｌａｖｅｓ相含量明显增加,同时,也发现Ｍｍ合金化恶化了贮氢合金电化     

MlβMm1—β（NiCoMnTi）5贮氢合金的电化学性能和Rietveld分析（1）电化 …

在ＡＢ５型混合稀土－镍系贮氢多元合金的研究中，为设计高性能的ＡＢ５型贮氢电极合金，人们对其Ｂ侧多元合金化和Ａ侧稀土组元分别进行了系统地研究。在Ｂ侧金属多元合金化研究工作比较成熟的基础上，进行贮氢合金中稀土组元的综合优化研究，是挖掘提高ＡＢ５型合金性能另一重要途径。Ｌａ、Ｃｅ、Ｎｄ和Ｐｒ含量及比例对ＲＥ（ＮｉＣｏＭｎＴＩ）５合金电化学性能有很大影响，但添加纯Ｌａ，Ｃｅ和Ｎｄ来调整其稀土成分，价格昂贵     

Ti-Mn系贮氢合金研究

Ti-Mn系贮氢合金与其它实用的合金系相比,具有高的吸放氢量,好的平台特征,良好的吸放氢动力学性能和较低的成本,是有发展前景的贮氢合金系统之一。本文综述了目前对Ti-Mn二元系,三元系及多元系贮氢合金的贮氢与工程应用特性研究情况,并讨论了置换元素对Ti-Mn系合金的影响。     

非晶化程度对不同成分Mg—Ni非晶合金电极充放电容量的影响

研究了球磨过程中的非晶化过程度对不同成分Ｍｇ－Ｎｉ非晶合金电化学吸放氢性能的影响。研究结果表明：随着合金成分的不同，非晶化程度的影响不同。当Ｎｉ含量低于５０％（原子分散）时，合金粉末中的非晶相所占比例越高，即非晶化程度越高时，合金电极的放电容量越大；而当Ｎｉ含量高于５０％（原子分数）时，非晶合金中存在少量游离态的Ｎｉ相，可提高电极的放电量。分析认为这与Ｎｉ的相的存在改善了合金的吸放氢动力学性能有关     

Development of Mg-based Hydrogen Storage Alloy

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快淬纳米晶Mg_2Ni型合金的贮氢性能

为了改善Mg2Ni合金的贮氢性能,用Cu部分替代合金中的Ni,用快淬工艺制备了纳米晶Mg2Ni型Mg20Ni10-xCux(x=0、1、2、3、4)合金。用XRD、SEM、HRTEM分析了铸态及快淬态合金的微观结构;用自动控制的Sieverts设备测试了合金的吸放氢动力学性能;用程控电池测试仪测试了合金电极的电化学贮氢性能。结果表明,所有的快淬态合金具有纳米晶结构,Cu替代Ni及快淬处理没有改变合金的Mg2Ni型主相。合金的吸放氢容量及动力学随淬速的增加而增加。此外,快淬处理显著地提高了合金的电化学贮氢容量,但使循环稳定性下降。     

Improvement in hydrogen storage characteristics of magnesium by mechanical alloying with nickel

The hydriding and dehydriding kinetics of Mg are reviewed. It is reported that the hydriding and dehydriding reactions of Mg are nucleation-controlled under certain conditions and progress by a mechanism of nucleation and growth, and that the hydriding rates of Mg are controlled by the diffusion of hydrogen through a growing Mg hydride layer.The hydriding and dehydriding kinetics of Mg can be improved in consequence by a treatment such as mechanical alloying, which can facilitate the nucleation by creating defects and shorten diffusion distances by reducing the effective particle size of Mg.The hydriding and dehydriding characteristics of mechanically-treated Mg and mechanically-alloyed mixtures with the compositions Mg-x wt Ni (x=5, 10,25 and 55) are studied.The Mg₂Ni phase develops in the mechanically-alloyed mixtures. The Mg-10wt% Ni and Mg-25 wt% Ni mixtures are activated easily, show much larger hydrogen storage capacities and much higher hydriding rates, and higher dehydriding rates, than other magnesium- based alloys or mixtures.     

镁基Mg2Ni储氢合金的制备及其性能改善研究进展

镁基Mg_2Ni储氢合金由于具有理论储氢容量高、资源丰富、价格廉价、质量轻等突出优点而备受关注。然而,该类合金因制备困难、吸放氢动力学性能差,实际应用受到了极大的限制。对近几十年来镁基Mg_2Ni储氢合金的制备和性能改善方面的研究进行了系统综述。在此基础上,指出了该类合金存在的问题及今后的发展方向。     

镁基储氢合金制备方法的研究进展

报道了镁基储氢合金制备方法的研究进展。对熔炼法、粉末烧结法、扩散法、机械合金化法和氢化燃烧合成法等几种主要方法制备镁基储氢合金的基本原理和方法进行了综述。总结了这些合金制备技术制取的合金的充放氢性能和电化学性能，并讨论了不同制备方法对合金性能的影响。指出了今后镁基储氢合金制备方法的研究重点。     

Mg3Pr化合物储氢性能研究

用X射线衍射方法（XRD）研究了Mg3Pr合金吸放氢前后的结构变化。Mg3Pr合金在吸／放氢过程中的压力．组成．等温曲线（PcI）和吸氢动力学曲线表明合金能在室温下吸氢，并且具有良好的吸氢动力学特性，能在4min之内达到饱和吸氢量的90％；其最大吸氢量分别为2．57％（质量分数）。Mg3Pr合金的吸氢动力学曲线可用Avrami-Erofeev方程拟合，说明吸氢过程符合形核长大机制。同时，也计算了Mg3Pr-H氢化反应的熵和焓。     

Hydrogen storage capacity of submicron magnesium–nickel alloys

Magnesium–nickel alloys with nickel concentrations from 0 to 60 at% were prepared by three methods: inert gas condensation of sputtered nanocrystalline powder, cosputtering of amorphous thin films and ball milling. Of the three methods, ball milling yields the best hydrogen storage properties in terms of hydrogen capacity, hydriding/dehydriding rates, and activation requirements. In addition, these characteristics are achieved in magnesium with only very small nickel concentrations, on the order of a few atomic per cent. This revised version was published online in November 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Etude d'alliages de composition CeMg11M (M = V,Cr, Mn,Fe, Co) et de leur application au stockage de l'hydrogene

Partial substitution of Mg in CeMg₁₂ by M = V, Cr, Mn, Fe and Co has been investigated for the composition CeMg₁₁M. For each system at least two phases are obtained. The absorption-desorption hydriding cycles have been compared with that of CeMg₁₂ itself. Although the hydriding speed is not strongly modified by the presence of the 3d-element, dehydriding is much enhanced. Thanks to their performances and their high weight content, such alloys may be used for hydrogen storage.     

Effect of surface oxidation on the hydriding and dehydriding of Mg<Subscript>2</Subscript>Ni alloy produced by hydriding combustion synthesis

Hydriding combustion synthesis (HCS) has been regarded as an innovative process for the preparation of high active magnesium-based hydrogen storage alloys. For the purpose of understanding the interrelation of the unique hydrogen storage properties and the surface characteristics of the HCS product, the samples of Mg₂Ni alloy/hydride with and without exposure to air were prepared from the HCS product of Mg₂NiH₄. The hydriding and dehydriding properties were compared and the surface compositions were analyzed by means of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and auger electron spectroscopy (AES). It was shown that the air exposure considerably decreases the hydriding activity of Mg₂Ni. Absorbing of 3.0 wt.% of hydrogen under the conditions of 603 K and 3.0 MPa after the air exposure takes 1500 s, which is six times longer than for the unexposed alloy. The hydrogen desorption of the hydride are also impeded by the air-exposure, which results in the increase of dehydriding temperature from 450 K to 540 K. XPS and AES analyses indicated that Mg segregates and exists in the form of hydroxide on the surface of the air-exposed sample, which is responsible for the degradation of the hydriding and dehydriding properties. It was confirmed that the fresh surfaces generated during the dehydriding process of the as-synthesized hydride product contributes to the high activity of the HCS product in the first cycle of the hydriding determination.     

镁基复合材料(Mg-Ni-MO)的储氢性能

在充氢气条件下，用机械球磨的方法合成了（RMA）镁基纳米复合材料Mg-3Ni-2MO(质量分数，％）（MO－过渡金属氧化合：Cr2O3,MnO2,V2O5,NiO,ZnO)。研究了材料的吸氢和放氢性能，在吸放氢过程中温度的变化规律，特别是在吸氢过程中产生的引燃现象。研究了材料的组成和球磨时间对吸放氢性能的影响。结果表明，含有过渡金属氧化物的镁基纳米复合物都具有较好的吸放氢动力学性能和较低的放氢温度。