激光干涉波形解调测量振动相位新方法

激光干涉频比计数法广泛应用于绝对法振动标准装置,针对频比计数法只能测量振幅不能得到振动相位,提出一种利用激光干涉条纹与振动台运动位移之间的关系,实现测量振动相位的新方法,并给出激光干涉波形解调测量振动相位的数学模型。该方法基于零差的迈克尔逊激光干涉仪,利用高速采集器同步采集激光干涉信号和传感器信号,并在Lab VIEW虚拟仪器开发平台上,软件解调振动波形,实现振动幅值和振动相位的实时测量。测量结果与正弦逼近法相一致。     

相位调制干涉位移测量系统信号处理方法

为克服激光干涉位移测量系统中直流漂移等低频扰动影响,采用相位调制方法,将有用信号频带移出低频区.对干涉信号,通过乘法操作将被测位移信息变换到调制频率2.5倍频谐波分量的相位上,并利用锁相环解调位移信息.搭建Simulink仿真模型,验证信号处理方法的可行性.结合仿真结果分析直流分量、交流分量幅值等参数对解调结果的影响.结果表明,采用的信号处理方法理论上克服了调制频率对最大测量速度的限制,仿真系统对临界加速度以内的加速信号有良好的追踪能力.     

基于ACPT技术的纳米振动测量激光干涉仪

为实现高精度、高稳定的微小振动测量,设计了一种改进型迈克尔逊干涉仪,对其所采用的光学结构和解调算法进行了分析.信号解调方案基于载波调制和交流相位跟踪（ACPT）技术,相对应的光路采用双压电陶瓷（PZT）和准平面猫眼动镜以构成参考臂和测量臂,设计以改善信噪比、抑制低频干扰、增强系统稳定性、提高测量分辨力为目标.建立了纳米振动发生装置,搭建了振动信号测量系统,研究了激光干涉仪对振动信号的输出特性.实验结果表明,测量动态范围达到120 dB,信噪比高于40 dB,系统分辨力达到0.25 nm.该干涉仪可有效抑制诸如温度、湿度、压强、低频振动等带来的相位噪声的干扰,满足高精度、稳定、可靠的要求.     

1 550 nm全光纤激光多普勒测振系统研制

针对目前国内激光测振系统价格昂贵、使用不便的问题,采用1 550 nm波段成熟的窄线宽光源和光纤元器件研制了一套低成本的全光纤激光测振系统原理样机。此原理样机光路部分采用马赫?泽德干涉仪结构,搭建了外差式激光干涉光路,参考光被40 MHz的声光调制器调制,与测量光在光电探测器表面发生干涉,产生原始的激光多普勒信号;信号解调部分采用相位解调法对原始激光多普勒信号进行解调,得到振动目标的运动特性,包括位移、速度和加速度信息。采用本单位的振动标准装置对其性能进行了测试,实验结果表明：在10 ~ 2 000 Hz的中低频振动范围内,1 550 nm全光纤激光多普勒测振系统峰值位移、速度和加速度的测量误差在-0.6% ~ 0.7%内。该系统在中低频段具有较高的测量准确度,且成本相对较低、操作便捷,具有技术借鉴价值。     

Mach-Zehnder光纤干涉仪相位载波调制及解调方案的研究

本文根据Mach Zehnder光纤干涉仪相位调制与双光束干涉测量的特点 ,提出了一种采用相位调制器 (PZT)实现相位载波调制 ,利用贝塞耳函数进行傅里叶分解实现相位调制信号解调的检测方案。理论分析表明 ,该方案能有效地抑制随机干扰信号对测量精度的影响     

基于DPGC技术的激光干涉纳米振动测量系统

基于数字相位载波调制(DPGC)原理,建立了激光干涉振动测量系统及其信号解调的软硬件处理平台,以24位数字信号采集卡配合64位PC处理器作为硬件电路的核心,实现了参考波形的发生与待测信号的实时采集,利用LabVIEW软件平台构建了DPGC算法,实现了振动信号的实时解调.实验结果表明,基于PC平台的DPGC信号解调方法,降低了传统的模拟PGC技术中模拟乘法器和微分器等硬件电路的漂移和噪声,提高了信号解调精度,改善了系统信噪比,实现了对频率范围10～200Hz低频振动信号的高精度测量,其分辨力达到0.14nm,动态范围达到120dB.     

基于新型相位载波调制解调技术的双M-Z光纤振动传感器

针对分布式振动传感中温度、应力等缓变因素导致的低频相位漂移,提出了一种基于新型相位载波(PGC)调制解调技术的双M-Z干涉仪型FDDS,原始信号经窄带模拟低通滤波后,再通过A/D转换器转变为数字信号完成解调,解决了传统数字PGC调制解调技术中因高速A/D采集而引入的窄带数字低通滤波的设计难题,通过构造特殊解调项实现了高次谐波解调,同时补偿了因长距离传感光纤引起的相位延时,提高了信噪比,最终达到抑制低频相位漂移、减小定位误差、提高定位精度的目的.     

齿轮振动中调频信号的解调方法及仿真计算

齿轮发生裂纹故障时其振动信号会产生调制现象，包括幅值调制和频率（相位）调制两部分。目前调幅信号的解调分析已经比较成熟，但对于调频信号的解调方法研究还不够完善。全面系统介绍了近年来处理调频信号中最常用的希尔伯特相位解调和循环平稳解调两种方法，并通过仿真指出了这两种方法各自的优缺点和局限性。     

激光干涉仪在校准拉绳式位移传感器的应用

拉绳式位移传感器是一种新型而简便的长度位移传感器,用途非常广泛.激光干涉仪技术现在已经十分成熟.本文详细介绍了利用成熟的激光干涉仪技术校准拉绳式位移传感器的方法.     

基于幅值和相位解调分析的齿轮箱起动过程故障诊断

针对齿轮箱升降速过程中振动信号非平稳的特点,将阶次跟踪、角域平均和幅值、相位解调分析技术相结合,提出了基于幅值和相位解调分析的齿轮箱故障诊断方法.首先对齿轮箱升降速瞬态信号进行时域同步采样,再对时域信号进行等角度重采样,转化为角域平稳信号,然后对角域信号进行角域平均,以消除干扰噪声的影响,最后对角域平均信号进行幅值和相位解调分析,根据幅值和相位解调函数图,就可提取齿轮的故障特征.通过对齿轮齿根裂纹故障实验信号的分析,表明该方法能有效地诊断齿轮的裂纹故障.     

Measurement of absolute displacement by a double-modulation technique based on a Michelson interferometer

A novel method is presented for of measuring absolute displacement with a synthesized wavelength interferometer. The optical phase of the interferometer is simultaneously modulated with a frequency-modulated laser diode and optical path-length difference. The error signal originating from the intensity modulation of the source is eliminated by a signal processing circuit. In addition, a lock-in technique is used to demodulate the envelope of the interferometric signal. The displacement signal is derived by the self-mixing technique.     

用于换能器校准的激光干涉测振技术

本文介绍了用激光干涉仪对换能器表面振动位移进行绝对测量的原理,对不同情况下的信号处理方法进行了探讨,分别给出了低频及高频时的实验及进行信号处理后的结果。从实验结果及信号处理的结果可以看出,记系纹数的处理方法比较简单直观,而最大频率法则可解决小数条纹的测量。     

Fluid velocity measurements in a microchannel performed with two new optical heterodyne microscopes

Two laser Doppler microscopes (LDMs) based on an optical heterodyne interferometer have been developed for measuring fluid velocity in a microchannel. One of LDMs receives light from a Zeeman laser, and one easily obtains the standard heterodyne signal because a polarizer is set in front of a photomultiplier tube. The other LDM, with light from a He-Ne laser, employs a diffractive grating as a frequency shifter that is modulated in a sinusoidal movement by a piezoelectric transducer stack. By this modulation the nonstandard heterodyne signal is further processed by a new synthetic heterodyne algorithm. Finally, the phase shift related to the fluid velocity in both LDMs is demodulated by digital postprocessing in fast-Fourier-transform, bandpass filtering, inverse-fast-Fourier-transform, and arctangent algorithms.     

基于干涉解调技术的光纤激光器水声传感系统

分析了基于Michelson干涉解调技术的光纤激光器水声传感的原理,在一段掺铒光纤中写入具有π相移的光纤光栅构成光纤激光器,水声压力作用在激光器上引起激光工作波长的变化;采用基于3×3耦合器的偏振无关的非平衡光纤Michelson干涉仪将激光波长变化转化为干涉仪的相位变化;干涉仪的输出由光电探测器转换后使用DSP进行信号解调.针对3×3耦合器分光比不对称的问题,本文提出利用实时调整幅度的2路干涉信号进行解调的方案,该方案不需要3×3耦合器有严格的分光比,消除了外界环境对解调输出的非线性影响.水声探测实验表明,光纤激光器水声传感系统的声压灵敏度为-166.5 dB(参考值1 rad/μPa),解调结果与水声信号具有良好的线性关系.     

Monitoring and multiplexing technique for interferometric fiber optic sensors with a linearly chirped Er:fiber laser

The monitoring of interferometer fiber optic sensors using a laser that is scanned over a wide frequency range is investigated. The interrogation technique is based on the principle that if the light-source frequency varies linearly with time, the optical signal reflected or transmitted is intensity modulated at a frequency that is proportional to the optical path difference (OPD) in the interferometer. Fourier components in the detected optical output signal then correspond to the OPDs of any interferometers that have contributed to this modulation. The temporal position of a peak in the power spectrum of this signal is proportional to the OPD of the interferometer that is responsible for that peak. A fine tuning of the OPD value is determined from the phase of the corresponding Fourier component. Experimentally, an Er:fiber laser scanned over a 48-nm range centered at 1540 nm was used to monitor intrinsic fiber Fabry-Perot interferometers (FFPIs). Variations in the laser scan rate were compensated with the optical signal modulated by a reference FFPI held at a constant temperature. The OPD measurement resolution was 3.6 nm, and the dynamic range was 1.3 x 10(7). The temperature was measured from 20 degrees C to 610 degrees C with a 0.02 degrees C resolution, and multiplexing of three of the sensors arranged in series was demonstrated.     

Two-wavelength laser diode interferometer with time-sharing sinusoidal phase modulation

We describe an interferometer system that uses two separate wavelengths to measure step height. The overlapping interference images detected by a CCD camera are easily separated by an ordinary integrating-bucket method and time-sharing sinusoidal phase modulation, in which two laser diodes are alternately modulated with a sinusoidal signal. A phase map is obtained only for the laser diode into which the modulation signal is injected. In this instance, a 1-microm step height was accurately detected.     

Multiplexed interferometric fiber-optic sensors with digital signal processing

A microcontroller-based digital signal processing system developed for use with fiber-optic sensors for measuring pressure in internal combustion engines is described. A single distributed feedback laser source provides optical power for four interferometric sensors. The laser current is repetitively modulated so that its optical frequency is nearly a linear function of time over most of a cycle. The interferometer phase shift is proportional to the elapsed time from the initiation of a sawtooth until the sensor output signal level crosses a threshold value proportional to the laser output power. This elapsed time, assumed to vary linearly with the combustion chamber pressure, is determined by the use of a digital timer-counter. The system has been used with fiber Fabry-Perot interferometer transducers for in-cylinder pressure measurement on a four-cylinder gasoline-powered engine.     

Thermal Waves for Imaging of Defects with Lockin-Speckle Interferometry

ABSTRACT:  A temporal modulated deformation field was monitored by a phase shifted out-of-plane interferometer. The periodical deformation was generated by exposure to intensity modulated light which produces a thermal wave by absorption at the surface of the object. From the recorded sequence of speckle-interferograms time-varying absolute displacement maps are derived by an unwrapping process. The transformation in the frequency domain and the evaluation at the modulation frequency (lockin-technique) allows to improve the signal-to-noise ratio and to investigate the depth where the defects are located. The measuring time for depth localisation can be reduced when the object is simultaneously excited and evaluated at several frequencies. The potential of this new method is shown on different model samples.     

Heterodyne wavelength meter for continuous-wave lasers

A wavelength meter based on a heterodyne interferometer is presented. A single-wavelength test laser beam is modulated to two orthogonal linearly polarized components with different frequencies by a pair of acousto-optic modulators. Then the modulated laser beam and a two-wavelength laser beam are sent to a heterodyne interferometer in a common path. The ratio of two laser interference phase shifts in the heterodyne interferometer is equal to the ratio of their wavelengths. The heterodyne technique measures the heterodyne interference phase but not the interference intensity, which means that it could measure a light source whose intensity is not stable. The heterodyne interference signal is an alternating signal that can easily magnify and process the circuit that makes up the heterodyne wavelength meter and could be used to measure the low-intensity light source even when there are environmental disturbances. A tunable diode laser wavelength range of 630-637 nm has been measured to an accuracy of 5 parts in 10(7).