硬质薄膜技术的最新发展

为满足各技术领域的要求,硬质薄膜业近年来得到了广泛的发展和应用.本文介绍了硬质薄膜技术的最新发展状况,阐述了各技术的特点和代表厂商.首先对CVD及其相关技术的发展情况进行了简介,再对PVD技术在硬质薄膜领域的应用进行了详述,最后对国内相关产业的发展进行了介绍和总结,同时本文对硬质薄膜技术在我国未来的发展提出了展望.     

关于自动化仪表应用与发展问题探讨

随着市场经济和科学技术的不断发展,仪表自动化技术也得到了飞速的发展,仪表自动化对我国工业产生了巨大的影响,本文对自动化仪表应用和发展问题进行了简单的分析和探讨。     

浅谈电气自动化的现状与发展方向

首先分析了电气自动化的发展现状,其次对电气自动化控制系统的设计思想进行了论述,最后概括了电气自动化的发艘趋势。对电气自动化的现状和发展方向进行研究,对推动我国经济和工业发展具有重要作用。     

浅谈食品粉碎机械的发展

随着食品工业的发展和人们对食品的要求的提高,食品粉碎机械得到了快速发展。本文对食品粉碎机械的发展进行了综述,重点介绍了超微粉碎机械及冷冻和低温粉碎机械。     

国产装配式冷库门发展进程、现状和展望

简述了国产冷库门的起步和发展历程 ,对存在的问题及解决的方法作了较为详细简述了国产冷库门的起步和发展历程 ,对存在的问题及解决的方法作了较为详细的阐述 ,并对今后冷库门的发展方向提出了明确的看法。     

浅谈直饮水行业在我国的发展

随着国民经济的高速发展,人民群众对饮用水水质提出了更高要求,直饮水具有较大的市场需求和发展空间。本文对直饮水进行了简介,并对直饮水的发展历程与直饮水净化流程进行了阐述,对直饮水在我国的发展前帚提出了自己的看法。     

装配式住宅技术分析

装配式住宅顺应了时代的发展,是未来建筑住宅发展的趋势。本文对装配式住宅技术发展进展做了初步的探讨,通过系统介绍了装配式住宅技术的发展状况,并对装配式住宅技术发展存在的问题和对策进行了探讨。     

在Patentics数据库中分析我国充电桩专利技术的发展

Patentics不仅是专利检索的有力工具,而且对专利文献的分析研究带来了许多便捷和帮助。本文借助Patentics对相关专利文献进行分析,对我国充电桩专利技术的应用和发展进行研究,总结出了充电桩的应用发展状况和国内相关技术的发展特点。同时,对Patentics的专利地图功能进行了初探。     

公共文化服务体系下图书馆服务创新的设想

互联网的高速发展促进了我国信息技术的全面提高,也带来了许多机遇和挑战。为了使我国文化事业的发展顺应时代的步伐,我国提出了公共文化服务体系的建设及其完善的相关政策。十九大以来,我国相关政府部门积极推行这一政策,加强对公共文化服务的引导和管理,使社会文化事业得到了蓬勃的发展。本文分别对我国公共文化服务体系和传统图书馆体系的发展概况进行了阐述,并对我国传统图书馆在公共服务体系下的创新和发展展开了新的设想。     

国内LNG运输技术与设备的发展现状

作为LNG工业体系中的物流环节,LNG运输业承上启下,贯穿整个LNG工业体系的方方面面,并随着LNG的需求和供应而迅速发展。文章简要介绍了LNG在我国的发展历程,对我国LNG陆路运输、海上运输和管道运输目前所处的状态和未来的发展方向做了扼要的分析,并对LNG运输业的发展提出了建议和意见。     

抗菌纸的研究进展

介绍了抗菌纸的分类,阐述了抗菌剂的释放方式及抗菌纸的抗菌原理,并叙述了国内外抗菌纸的研究现状和制造情况。     

Potency evaluation of a dermaseptin S4 derivative for antimicrobial food packaging applications

Antimicrobial packaging is part of the broader area of active packaging, in which the package absorbs/releases different compounds during the product's storage and plays a major role in maintaining quality, extending shelf‐life and improving the product's safety. Antimicrobial packages are capable of inhibiting the detrimental effects of spoiling microorganisms in food products. There has been very great interest in antimicrobial packaging in recent years and many such packaging materials have been proposed, some of which containing synthetic additives and others natural additives. In the present study, antimicrobial materials containing the antimicrobial peptide (AMP) dermaseptin K₄K₂₀‐S4, which shows cytolytic activity in vitro against a broad spectrum of pathogenic microorganisms, such as bacteria, protozoa, yeast and filamentous fungi, were investigated. The study was aimed at evaluating the potency of this AMP as an antimicrobial agent for antimicrobial food packaging in two forms: (a) an aqueous solution of AMP was applied onto a polyethylene shrink‐wrapping film; (b) the AMP was incorporated in a corn starch‐based coating and applied directly onto the foodstuff (fresh cucumbers). Of these two versions, the latter has shown a greater efficiency against moulds and aerobic bacteria, even at lower surface concentrations of AMP (4.5µg/dm² vs. 3.5–3.8µg/dm²) in the coating. While in the first version the AMP had slowed down the growth of microorganisms only slightly, incorporation of AMP into the coating caused a reduction in their concentration practically to zero. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

无机抗菌剂在包装材料中的应用

介绍了无机抗菌剂的种类、材料抗菌机理和特点,且详细论述了抗菌材料的制备方法及其在包装材料中的应用前景。     

抗菌食品包装纸的研究现状及发展趋势

目的对国内外食品抗菌包装纸的研究现状进行综述分析,总结食品抗菌包装纸的技术发展趋势,以期为抗菌纸的研究提供有效参考。方法对抗菌食品包装纸的抗菌剂——无机型抗菌剂、化学合成型抗菌剂、天然抗菌剂及其主要抗菌机理进行阐述;根据涂布、添加浆料、浸渍/喷淋、纤维改性等加工方法对抗菌食品包装纸进行分类;分析和总结国内外食品抗菌包装纸的最新研究成果;从高效安全抗菌剂及应用剂型的研发,抗菌纸抗菌效果的持久性和作用方式的提升,食品抗菌包装纸的产业化工艺技术的开发等方面指出今后食品抗菌包装纸的发展趋势。结果食品抗菌包装纸的开发仍处于初步阶段,抗菌纸的产业化推广不够,抗菌纸中抗菌剂的安全性、稳定性、可持久性还有待进一步改善。结论随着对绿色安全高效抗菌剂、应用剂型和抗菌纸加工技术的进一步研究,食品抗菌包装纸必将得到更广泛的推广应用。     

食品包装用抗菌膜研究进展

目的 通过对国内外食品包装用抗菌膜研究现状进行分析,并针对抗菌膜目前存在的问题总结出今后发展趋势,为促进食品包装用抗菌膜的研发提供指导。方法 介绍抗菌剂的抑菌作用机制及其在食品包装膜中的应用现状;总结国内外食品包装用抗菌膜最新研究成果,并分析国内外研究成果之间存在的差距。结论 食品包装用抗菌膜的研究取得了一定成果,还需在抑菌效果及作用方式、食品安全风险评估、产业化应用等方面进行深入研究。随着抗菌膜在食品安全、抗菌能力、产业化工艺等方面存在的问题被解决,食品包装用抗菌膜将在食品包装领域发挥重要作用。     

无机载银抗菌材料抗菌机理及细菌对其抗性机制

无机载银抗菌材料具有广谱高效的抗菌性能,并得到了广泛应用,对其抗菌机理及细菌对其抗性机制进行了综述。银离子从无机物载体中缓慢释放,当微量Ag^＋到达微生物细胞膜时,主要通过破坏微生物膜上与呼吸产能相关的电子传输系统、物质传送系统或其他与细胞代谢活动相关的蛋白或酶的活性,致使菌体细胞死亡或被抑制。同时,在长期的环境适应条件下,很多细菌产生了对Ag^＋的抗性,这种抗性与细菌对银的有效外排,周质空间对银的吸收和外膜缺失孔道等机制有关。对无机载银抗菌材料的抗菌机制以及细菌的抗银机制进行了泛深入的研究,将为开发更加广谱高效的抗菌材料提供理论基础。     

Antimicrobial Activity of Natural Agents against Saccharomyces cerevisiae

The antimicrobial (AM) activity of starch‐based films coated with linalool, carvacrol or thymol against Saccharomyces cerevisiae in vitro and/or inoculated on the surface of Cheddar cheese was investigated. In solid medium using the agar diffusion method and in experiments involving the inoculation of the microorganism on the surface of Cheddar cheese, all the films containing these AM agents in coatings demonstrated an inhibitory effect against S. cerevisiae. The results suggest that the overall inhibitory effect of linalool, carvacrol or thymol increased significantly (p ≤ 0.05) with the concentration of each of the AM agents in the film coating and that the response is linear in the concentration range of 1 to 5% (w/w) of the AM agent. Thymol had the highest AM efficacy followed by carvacrol, whereas linalool had the lowest efficacy amongst the three systems. The zones of inhibition in the agar diffusion test method at 25°C for S. cerevisiae were found to be 7.6, 7.1 and 6.1 mm for thymol, carvacrol and linalool at 1% (w/w) loading and 13.2, 12.2 and 11.2 mm at 5% (w/w) loading of the AM agents, respectively. The death rates of S. cerevisiae on Cheddar cheese wrapped in films coated with thymol, carvacrol and linalool and stored for up to 28 days at 15°C were found to be 0.044, 0.043 and 0.038 per day at 1% (w/w) loading and 0.077, 0.073 and 0.063 per day at 5% (w/w) loading of the AM agents, respectively. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

羧甲基壳聚糖的制备及其在抗菌纸中的应用

研究了在碱性条件下,用一氯乙酸对壳聚糖进行化学改性,合成了具有良好水溶性的N,O-羧甲基壳聚糖。FTIR谱图表征了其结构,证实了在N和O上均发生了取代反应。测定了产物的取代度以及抑菌性能。同时采用浆内添加法和喷淋法制得了N,O-羧甲基壳聚糖抗菌纸,并检验了其抑菌效果。     

Intramembrane Nanoaggregates of Antimicrobial Peptides Play a Vital Role in Bacterial Killing

Recent developments in antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have focused on the rational design of short sequences with less than 20 amino acids due to their relatively low synthesis costs and ease of correlation of the structure-function relationship. However, gaps remain in the understanding of how short cationic AMPs interact with the bacterial outer and inner membranes to affect their antimicrobial efficacy and dynamic killing. The membrane-lytic actions of two designed AMPs, G(IIKK)₃I-NH₂ (G₃) and G(IIKK)₄I-NH₂ (G₄), and previously-studied controls GLLDLLKLLLKAAG-NH₂ (LDKA, biomimetic) and GIGAVLKVLTTGLPALISWIKRKR-NH₂ (Melittin, natural) are examined. The mechanistic processes of membrane damage and the disruption strength of the four AMPs are characterized by molecular dynamics simulations and experimental measurements including neutron reflection and scattering. The results from the combined studies are characterized with distinctly different intramembrane nanoaggregates formed upon AMP-specific binding, reflecting clear influences of AMP sequence, charge and the chemistry of the inner and outer membranes. G₃ and G₄ display different nanoaggregation with the outer and inner membranes, and the smaller sizes and further extent of insertion of the intramembrane nanoaggregates into bacterial membranes correlate well with their greater antimicrobial efficacy and faster dynamic killing. This work demonstrates the crucial roles of intramembrane nanoaggregates in optimizing antimicrobial efficacy and dynamic killing.     

抗菌食品包装研究进展

综述了抗菌高分子食品包装的原理、检测方法、相关法规以及未来的发展方向,并对各种抗菌技术作了详细的论述。指出开发新型生物活性抗菌剂,通过物理、化学方法改性高分子使之具有杀菌能力,尤其是纳米抗菌技术的应用,将是抗菌包装最具前景的发展方向。