混杂CFRP/GFRP筋HPC梁的非线性梁壳组合单元研究

对于混杂CFRP/GFRP筋高性能混凝土（HPC）梁, 研究一种新的三维非线性梁壳组合单元, 对HPC梁进行了全过程分析。引入实体退化壳单元理论, 利用空间梁单元模拟预应力CFRP筋, 并根据CFRP筋单元节点线位移和转角位移的协调性, 推导CFRP筋单元对梁壳组合单元刚度矩阵的贡献, 同时对GFRP筋和HPC梁采用分层壳单元模拟。并运用Jiang屈服准则、 Madrid强化准则等描述混凝土的材料非线性, 提出一种新的非线性梁壳组合单元, 研制相应的三维非线性计算程序。计算结果与试验数据吻合良好, 说明本文构造的非线性梁壳组合单元的正确性和研制程序的可靠性, 以及混凝土材料非线性描述的合理性; 采用组合单元能准确模拟CFRP筋的几何构形, 能综合考虑其拉压弯剪性能, 利于全面地反映配筋对结构的增强作用。      

几何非线性高性能复合材料筋混凝土梁Heterosis组合壳单元

对于高性能碳纤维增强聚合物复合材料(CFRP)筋混凝土梁,研究几何非线性组合壳单元模型,对预应力CFRP筋混凝土梁进行了全过程分析。引入Von Karman理论,推导了局部坐标系下Piola2Kirchhoff 应力矩阵和几何刚度矩阵;分别采用组合壳单元和分层壳单元模拟预应力CFRP 筋和玻璃纤维增强聚合物复合材料(GFRP)筋,并推导了CFRP筋对组合壳单元刚度矩阵的贡献,同时采用Heterosis选择积分技术以避免剪切锁定和零能量模式,研制了相应的非线性计算程序。计算结果与试验数据对比可知,挠度发展规律和预应力CFRP筋应变发展规律均吻合良好,说明了研究单元的有效性及研制程序的正确性;CFRP筋具有高强度性能,梁试件破坏时CFRP筋均未失效;利用预应力CFRP筋应变重分布系数研究了梁的刚度退化规律,表明采用GFRP筋代替普通钢筋在加载后期会使梁的刚度退化减小。      

预应力CFRP筋混凝土梁疲劳全过程分析

CFRP筋具有耐腐蚀、抗拉强度高、弹性模量低和重量轻等优点,是暴露及恶劣环境下预应力钢筋的理想替代品.目前国内外关于预应力CFRP筋混凝土结构静力性能的研究已开展较多,而关于其疲劳性能的研究则刚刚起步.为此,对混凝土、钢筋以及CFRP筋的疲劳性能进行了总结,在考虑了疲劳刚度退化、疲劳强度退化以及疲劳残余变形等因素的基础上,提出了预应力CFRP筋混凝土梁疲劳全过程的简化分析方法,并基于ANSYS二次开发实现了疲劳全过程分析.为验证提出的疲劳全过程简化分析方法,进行了预应力CFRP筋混凝土梁的300万次疲劳试验,计算值与试验结果吻合良好.     

预应力高性能混杂纤维增强布加固HPC梁的DNLC单元研究

对于不同混杂配比的预应力高性能混杂纤维增强(HFRP)布,建立高性能HFRP布加固高性能混凝土(HPC)梁的双重非线性分层组合(DNLC)单元模型。根据实体退化单元理论,采用初应力等参层单元对高性能HFRP布的体外预应力效应进行模拟,同时正确地考虑HPC梁的材料非线性效应以及结构的几何非线性,验证DNLC单元分析模型的正确性,并对HPC梁的开裂荷载、普通钢筋应力、高性能HFRP布应力重分布等进行研究。结合试验资料分析表明,预应力碳/玻璃纤维混杂(CFRP/GFRP)布加固HPC梁的理论结果与试验数据吻合程度良好,采用等参层单元有效地模拟高性能HFRP布的预应力作用,及所推导的DNLC单元正确性。预应力GFRP纤维布加固的开裂荷载等均较低,预应力CFRP纤维布加固的开裂荷载等有所提高,但剩余强度过大。HPC梁开裂荷载前预应力高性能HFRP布应力发展缓慢,屈服荷载后,其发展迅速直至结构失效。     

CFRP筋增强ECC梁弯曲性能试验研究

为研究碳纤维增强树脂复合材料(Carbon fiber reinforced polymer,CFRP)筋/超高韧性纤维增强水泥基复合材料(Engineered cementitious composite,ECC)梁的抗弯性能,对3根CFRP筋/ECC梁、1根玻璃纤维增强树脂复合材料(Glass fiber reinforced polymer,GFRP)筋/梁和1根CFRP筋混凝土梁进行了四点弯曲试验,分析了配筋率、纤维增强树脂复合材料(Fiber reinforced polymer,FRP)筋类型和基体类型对梁抗弯性能的影响。试验结果表明:CFRP筋/ECC梁与GFRP筋/ECC梁和CFRP筋混凝土梁类似,均经历了弹性阶段、带裂缝工作阶段和破坏阶段;配筋率对CFRP筋/ECC梁的受弯性能影响较大。随着配筋率的增加,CFRP筋/ECC梁的承载能力不断提高,延性性能逐渐减弱;ECC材料优异的应变硬化能力和受压延性,使得CFRP筋/ECC梁的极限承载能力和变形能力均优于CFRP筋混凝土梁;由于ECC材料多裂缝开裂能力,CFRP筋/ECC梁开裂后,纵筋表面应变分布比CFRP筋混凝土梁更均匀; 由于聚乙烯醇(Polyvinyl alcohol,PVA)纤维的桥联作用,CFRP筋/ECC梁破坏时,其表面出现了大量的细密裂缝,且能保持较好的完整性和自复位能力;正常使用阶段,CFRP筋/ECC梁的最大弯曲裂缝宽度均小于CFRP筋混凝土梁。最后,根据试验结果,建立了基于等效应力图的CFRP筋/ECC梁弯曲承载力简化计算模型,确定模型中的相关系数。由简化模型计算的极限承载力与试验结果具有较好的相关性。      

无粘结预应力CFRP筋钢纤维轻骨料混凝土梁受弯性能试验研究

建立无粘结预应力FRP筋张拉锚固体系,对8根以CFRP筋为非预应力筋的无粘结预应力CFRP筋轻骨料混凝土梁与1根普通混凝土对比试件进行两点对称加载,观察其破坏过程与破坏形态,分析了混凝土种类、预应力度和净跨长度对开裂弯矩、弯矩-跨中挠度曲线、裂缝宽度等受弯性能的影响.从等效轴向刚度思想出发,修正了现有的以钢筋为非预应力...     

CFRP筋体外预应力加固T形截面混凝土梁短期挠度计算方法

通过静力试验和理论分析,研究CFRP筋体外预应力加固T形截面混凝土梁在短期荷载作用下的使用性能,探讨短期挠度计算方法。结果表明,CFRP筋体外预应力加固梁的荷载-跨中挠度曲线呈三折线变化;跨中截面混凝土和CFRP筋的平均应变在梁体开裂之前沿截面高度基本呈线性变化,开裂后,CFRP筋的平均应变明显小于梁底混凝土的应变。基于试验结果,计算开裂刚度折减系数和CFRP筋粘结特征系数,考虑二次效应的影响,运用有效惯性矩法建立了CFRP筋体外预应力加固T形截面混凝土梁的短期挠度计算公式,可供实际工程设计 参考。     

CFRP板加固RC&PPC梁抗剪性能试验研究

通过10片普通钢筋混凝土(RC)梁及4片部分预应力混凝土(PPC)梁采用CFRP板抗剪加固的试验研究和非线性有限元分析,研究不同损伤程度、剪跨比、配箍率及预应力水平等因素对CFRP板加固RC&PPC梁抗剪性能的影响。结果表明:采用CFRP板对RC&PPC梁进行抗剪加固能够有效抑制斜裂缝的开展,提高加固梁斜截面抗剪承载能力,并改善梁的延性;RC梁损伤后加固,随着配箍率的增大以及剪跨比的减小,将提高加固RC梁的斜向开裂荷载、箍筋屈服荷载以及抗剪极限承载能力;随着预应力水平的提高,PPC加固梁的极限承载力增大,CFRP板抗剪加固效果比较显著;非线性有限元模型能够预测CFRP加固RC/PPC梁的抗剪性能,有限元计算结果与试验结果吻合良好;在进行CFRP板抗剪加固设计时,应对CFRP板的强度进行有效折减。     

GFRP/钢绞线复合筋混凝土梁的配筋率试验研究

破坏模式是GFRP/钢绞线复合筋(GFRP:Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer,纤维增强塑料)混凝土梁力学性能的影响因素之一,而破坏模式主要由GFRP/钢绞线复合筋混凝土梁的配筋率决定。鉴于配筋率对GFRP/钢绞线复合筋混凝土梁力学性能的重要作用,该文设计了16根GFRP/钢绞线复合筋混凝土梁试件。试验变量为混凝土强度等级和GFRP/钢绞线复合筋的配筋率。通过对混凝土梁试件进行三分点静载试验,系统研究GFRP/钢绞线复合筋配筋率和混凝土强度等级对GFRP/钢绞线复合筋混凝土梁的破坏形式、抗裂承载力、正截面极限承载力、裂缝间距、裂缝宽度、裂缝深度、挠度等的影响。试验数据可为GFRP/钢绞线复合筋混凝土梁安全配筋率计算方法的确定提供参考和理论依据。     

钢筋拼接GFRP管混凝土组合构件的轴压性能试验研究

钢筋拼接GFRP管混凝土组合构件是利用在2个独立的GFRP管连接处的内部设置一定长度钢筋笼,再在内部浇注混凝土,而形成的一种新的连续GFRP管混凝土组合构件。近年来,不少国内外研究人员对连续GFRP管混凝土构件的力学性能做了一些研究,而对拼接GFRP管混凝土构件的力学性能研究较少,所以,有必要借助试验,研究其力学性能。该文主要对钢筋拼接GFRP管混凝土组合构件的轴压性能进行了一定的试验研究,试验结果表明,在荷载达到60%Pu(Pu-极限荷载)左右时,GFRP管开始发挥“套箍”作用,拼接试件破坏位置不同于连续试件发生在一定范围内,而是发生在距连接处一定距离,并且,钢筋连接件的箍筋对混凝土起到约束作用。此外,试件破坏时纵筋均屈服,且纵筋对连接处的变形基本没有影响,拼接试件连接处均未破坏,说明采用低含钢率1.96%即可保证拼接GFRP管轴心受压组合构件正常工作。     

Flexural response predictions of reinforced concrete beams strengthened with prestressed CFRP plates

Existing experimental studies showed that the reinforced concrete (RC) beams strengthened with prestressed carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) plates had three possible flexural failure modes (including the compression failure, tension failure and debonding failure) according to the CFRP reinforcement ratio. Theoretical formulas based on the compatibility of strains and equilibrium of forces were presented to predict the nominal flexural strength of strengthened beams under the three failure modes, respectively, and a limitation on the tensile strain level developed in the prestressed CFRP plate was proposed as the debonding failure occurred. In addition, the calculation methods for cracking moment, crack width and deflection of strengthened beams were provided with taking into account the contribution of prestressed CFRP plates. Experimental studies on five RC beams strengthened with prestressed CFRP plates and a nonlinear finite element parametric analysis were carried out to verify the proposed theoretical formulas. The available test results conducted by other researchers were also compared with the predicted values.     

Nonlinear finite element modeling of concrete deep beams with openings strengthened with externally-bonded composites

This paper aims to develop 3D nonlinear finite element (FE) models for reinforced concrete (RC) deep beams containing web openings and strengthened in shear with carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composite sheets. The web openings interrupted the natural load path either fully or partially. The FE models adopted realistic materials constitutive laws that account for the nonlinear behavior of materials. In the FE models, solid elements for concrete, multi-layer shell elements for CFRP and link elements for steel reinforcement were used to simulate the physical models. Special interface elements were implemented in the FE models to simulate the interfacial bond behavior between the concrete and CFRP composites. A comparison between the FE results and experimental data published in the literature demonstrated the validity of the computational models in capturing the structural response for both unstrengthened and CFRP-strengthened deep beams with openings. The developed FE models can serve as a numerical platform for performance prediction of RC deep beams with openings strengthened in shear with CFRP composites.     

Strengthening RC beams with composite fiber cement plate reinforced by prestressed FRP rods: Experimental and numerical analysis

This paper deals with the development of a new strengthening system for reinforced concrete beams with externally-bonded plate made of composite fiber cement reinforced by rebars made of fiber-reinforced plastic (FRP) [1]. The proposed strengthening material involves the preloading of FRP rod before mortar casting. The paper presents experimental and numerical analysis carried out on many large-scale beams strengthened by well-known reinforcement techniques, such as externally bonded Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Plastic (CFRP) plate and the Near Surface Mounted (NSM) technique, which are compared to the proposed new strengthening material through four-point bending tests. Results are analyzed with regard to the load-displacement curve, bending stiffness, cracking load, yield strength and failure load. The developed numerical model is in agreement with the experimental results. It clearly shows the effects of prestressed FRP rod on cracking mechanisms and internal strength distribution in the analyzed beams.     

Flexural behavior of steel beams strengthened by carbon fiber reinforced polymer plates – Three dimensional finite element simulation

Debonding, as a mode of failure, is one of the major limitations when using externally bonded carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) plates in strengthening of steel beams. In this work, mode of failure and flexural behavior of both steel and steel–concrete composite beams strengthened by different lengths of CFRP plates were numerically investigated. The effect of both splicing position (at mid-span and near supports) and CFRP plate ends configuration were studied. Three dimensional finite element analysis (3D FEA) was adopted to simulate the nonlinear behavior of these beams loaded under four point bending configuration. The present numerical analysis assisted by previously valuable experimental results found in the literature succeeded to predict the critical CFRP plate length at which, full efficiency of the adhesively bonded plate is achieved.     

碱、盐环境下不同应力水平FRP筋抗压强度试验与理论研究

为了研究温度、应力水平等因素对纤维增强聚合物(Fiber Reinforced Polymer,FRP)筋在碱、盐环境下抗压强度衰减规律的影响,将FRP筋分别置于60℃和25℃的碱、盐溶液进行加速腐蚀试验,然后测定其抗压强度衰减规律。60℃下FRP筋的压应力水平分别为0%、20%和40%,腐蚀时间分别为10d、21d、42d;25℃下FRP筋压应力水平为0%,腐蚀时间分别为36d、64d、100d。通过观察腐蚀前后FRP筋表面形貌的变化,可以得出:FRP筋表面侵蚀程度随腐蚀时间的增加而增加;同条件下,碱溶液对FRP筋的表面侵蚀程度大于盐溶液。对腐蚀后的FRP筋进行抗压强度试验,结果表明:应力和温度的提高加速了FRP筋抗压强度的退化,在60℃碱溶液中腐蚀42d后,应力水平为0%和40%的玻璃纤维增强聚合物(GFRP)筋、玄武岩纤维增强聚合物(BFRP)筋和碳纤维增强聚合物(CFRP)筋抗压强度分别下降了31.8%、43.6%、51.5%和44.2%、54.8%、57.1%,60℃盐溶液中腐蚀42d后,应力水平为0%和40%的GFRP、BFRP和CFRP筋抗压强度分别下降了22.2%、31.8%、18.1%和29.0%、37.2%、23.5%。基于Fick定律,提出了考虑应力水平、温度和腐蚀时间的FRP筋抗压强度预测模型,该模型可用于预测FRP筋在实际工况下抗压强度衰减规律。     

On the effect of plastic hinge relocation in RC buildings using CFRP

Relocation of nonlinear inelastic hinges away from the column faces towards the beams using externally bonded carbon fibre reinforced polymer (CFRP) is suggested as a promising method for retrofitting of reinforced concrete (RC) joints. This approach would also prevent the formation of undesirable brittle joint failure. In order to investigate the effects of this type of retrofit in the seismic performance of RC buildings, a numerical investigation pertaining to strengthening of an 8-storey intermediate RC frame using CFRP was conducted. The retrofit strategy focused on the relocation of the plastic-prone region away from the column faces and out into the beams. To pursue this objective, composite sheets were applied at the top and bottom sides of the plastic hinge regions of beams increasing the bending moment resistance. The additional flexural stiffness generated by the composite materials at the beam to column connections is calculated by a comparison of the moment-rotation of CFRP retrofitted and original joints obtained from the finite element analysis. A rigorous seismic assessment of the retrofitted frame was implemented using the nonlinear pushover procedure and the capacity spectrum approach. The analysis results indicate that a rehabilitation design as described combined with the strong-column weak-beam design philosophy would improve the seismic performance of structures significantly.