摇摆筛的发展现状及趋势

介绍摇摆筛的起源和发展过程,分析摇摆筛和旋振筛在结构设计和工作方式方面的异同,详细介绍摇摆筛的结构和工作原理,着重论述德国的摇摆筛生产与技术,特别是筛机机构设计、筛网清理技术和筛机特殊应用等方面的发展现状,对摇摆筛技术的发展趋势和国内摇摆筛生产企业的发展方向进行了预测。     

钻杆疲劳寿命预测技术的研究现状与展望

钻杆是石油天然气钻井的最主要工具,也是失效最为频繁的钻井工具。钻杆的失效绝大多数与疲劳有关,钻杆疲劳寿命预测技术的研究对于控制钻杆失效事故的发生具有重要意义。综述了当前国内外在钻杆疲劳寿命预测技术方面的研究现状及取得的研究成果,针对各种钻杆疲劳寿命预测方法的特点及应用情况进行了详细介绍,并分析了钻杆疲劳寿命预测过程中面临的问题。最后,展望了钻杆疲劳预测技术研究的重点方向和发展前景。     

轮毂电机驱动技术研究概况及发展

在新能源汽车的电动驱动系统中,运用了轮毂电机驱动技术,这一技术应用对其起到了重要的推动作用。该文对轮毂电机驱动技术的国内外研究现状进行了简要的分析与阐述,进而对轮毂电机驱动技术的未来发展趋势进行了展望与预测。     

美国联邦政府对标准的协调--NIST的任务及标准政策机构协调委员会

一、背景———国会所采取的行动１９９６年３月７日,美国总统签署了国家技术转让与技术进步法令（ＰＬ１０４－１１３）。其主要变化是,联邦政府机构如何采用自愿协调一致标准。该法律指导联邦政府机构在尽可能大的实用范围内采用由标准制定组织制定的通用技术标准,以...     

L-天冬氨酸的生产应用及市场分析

介绍L-天冬氨酸的应用及生产技术进展,对L-天冬氨酸的生产现状和需求进行了分析,并对其市场前景进行了预测。     

原油高温腐蚀评价及预测技术的研究进展

综述了国内外原油高温腐蚀评价及预测技术的研究现状,归纳分析了原油高温腐蚀的影响因素、原油高温腐蚀评价方法与装置以及对原油高温腐蚀预测的研发现状。重点论述了高压反应釜、高温动态模拟和现场腐蚀评价方法与装置的应用情况及其存在的问题;同时,对目前预测原油高温腐蚀的方法,如McConomy曲线,API RP581计算方法及国内有代表性的高温动态模拟评估方法进行了探讨;最后对今后预测原油高温腐蚀性的研究方向进行了展望。     

合理运用统计技术工具提高QC小组活动质量

对统计工具应用与Qc小组活动质量的关系进行了分析,简的介绍了QC小组活动中主统计工具方法的应用,针对统计工具方法在Qc小组活动中的应用现状,探讨了如何使用统计技术推广QC小组活动质量,以期指导企业提高自身质量管理水平。     

电玩具EMC法规要求与整改技术简介

本文介绍了电玩具电磁兼容的基本原理及各国法规要求的现状,包括电磁兼容的发生机理、参数指标、测试方法与设备、相关标准等。同时对困扰大多数厂家和技术机构的电磁兼容整改问题也进行了较为细致的探讨,从整改技术、整改方法和整改工具方面给出了具有建设性的意见和建议。     

计算机在流感病毒(Influenza RNA)结构分析领域的应用

甲型H1N1流感病毒(influenzavirusA)基因组含有8个RNA基因片段,本文主要介绍了RNA的结构,以及目前计算机在RNA结构分析领域的应用现状,以及应用最多的预测工具。     

浅谈检验检疫溯源管理中的大数据应用

本文分析了检验检疫机构开展溯源管理工作的现状，结合大数据时代各项技术应用，对进一步提高进出口商品的整体质量进行探讨，提出构建溯源大数据公共平台的设想及检验检疫机构应对新形势的建议。     

The National Nanotechnology Initiative: Federal support for science and technology,or hidden industrial policy?

The case of the National Nanotechnology Initiative highlights elements of industrial policy carried out by the U.S. government not only by setting rules and providing infrastructure, but also by strategically selecting technology of the next generation and arranging large-scale public investment. The federal government justified the Initiative by calling for the scientific need for industrial competitiveness, an explicit integration of science and technology policy and industrial policy. Moreover, we find evidence that this program, now funding almost $1.8 billion and extending to thirteen federal agencies, was initiated and drafted by a small handful number of policy makers in Washington. At the same time, despite its intention to strengthen the industrial competitiveness, the bulk of the federal government fund continues to channel into universities and government labs and little into the private sector. Whether this goal will be achieved without more direct government focus on commercialization remains uncertain.     

美国联邦政府与加州机动车排放监管工作比对分析

近年来随着机动车排放缺陷而引起的召回活动频发,加强机动车排放监管愈发受到各国政府的关注.美国作为汽车排放法规与汽车产品召回的先驱者,已形成一套完善且独具特色的机动车排放监管模式——美国联邦政府与加州地区机动车排放监管并行.明确联邦与加州监管模式的异同,对于我国机动车排放召回具有重要借鉴意义.本文将从美国机动车排放召回主管部门、排放立法、排放标准、排放召回监管流程4个方面,对美国联邦政府与加州地区机动车排放监管进行比对分析.     

State and national resources for community spill disaster preparedness in the united states

United States local contingency planning is considered from the special perspective of the resources available at the state and federal levels for hazardous materials accidents and emergency spills. The National Response Network for the United States is described in terms of the units and levels of government constituting that capability. Special features of local plans are discussed, and communications with state and federal response agencies are emphasized. State and federal resources for hazardous spill planning and response are described, particularly within the context of the regional and national response teams. The additional benefits of the agressive assistance of commercial and industrial assistance are discussed, and the additional benefits of local spill planning to the community are described. The article lists the regional U.S. Environmental Protection Agency contacts for spill response planning assistance.     

Sustainable competitive participation: A role for the federal government and the national laboratories

A clear and appropriate role is presented for the federal government and the national laboratories with respect to technology development, technology utilization and competitiveness. The selective use of federal policy tools and resources for enhancing economic competitiveness and for providing “sustainable” economic development is proposed. A novel approach to a coherent national R&D strategy is advocated with three major components: tax credits, technology facilitation, and federal investment directed towards sustainable competitive participation Sustainable competitive participation is based on the blending of the concepts of economic competitiveness and sustainable development. Four sectors of technology development and competitiveness are considered for this comprehensive national science and technology strategy. Several examples illustrate the appropriate federal government and national laboratory role in sustainable competitive participation.     

U. S. Research assessment: Recent developments

Over the last decade, ex post research assessment at the program level in the United States has seemed much less active than the equivalent activities in Europe, both west and east. This seeming lull was the result of a decline in program evaluation activity across the U.S. government in the 1980s, which slowed the rate of formal evaluations. Program review activities within agencies, however, were common, especially at such mission-oriented research supporting organizations as the Department of Energy and the Office of Naval Research. Review processes at these agencies relied primarily on expert assessment, sometimes at the project level, supplemented by user inputs. Quantitative performance measures were seldom used. That situation is about to change. In 1993, Congress passed the Government Performance and Results Act, which requires all agencies including those support research to set quantitative performance targets and report annually on their progress toward them. Agencies with clear technological goals are rapidly developing sets of indicators for this use, including peer assessments, bibliometric measures including patents, and customer satisfaction ratings. But fundamental research agencies do not find such measures satisfactory, and are just beginning to develop alternative ones.This document represents the views of the author alone and not necessarily those of the National Science Foundation. The author is on leave from the Department of Science and Technology Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180-3590.     

美国进口食品进境口岸查验制度简介

美国是我国主要的食品出口国。为了促进我国食品更好地对美国出口,很有必要了解美国的进境口岸查验制度。本文主要介绍了美国食品药品监督管理局(FDA)、食品安全检验局(FSIS)进口食品的进境口岸查验制度,以帮助加强政府监管工作和输美食品顺利通关。     

A discussion of the U.S. EPA methodology for determining Water Quality Standards (WQS).

Based on material published by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) in the Federal Register for 19 November 1991, many state environmental agencies have proposed and/or adopted revisions to their State Water Quality Standards (WQS) for organic and inorganic chemicals in fresh and marine waters (see, for example, State of Connecticut, Department of Environmental Protection, Bureau of Water Management, (1992), memorandum to Interested Parties concerning the Water Quality Standards Hearing Report). Generally, many states simply republish the U.S. EPA's proposed Water Quality Criteria (WQC) as the State's proposed WQS. Many of the state WQS and federal WQC values--especially those for organic compounds regulated as human or animal carcinogens--are much more stringent than the values now in effect because the U.S. EPA's new methodology (i) for estimating exposure point concentrations, exposure doses, carcinogenic potency, and incremental lifetime cancer risk and (ii) for setting the target acceptable risk combine a series of conservative assumptions into an equally conservative set of results. In the Federal Register proposal, the U.S. EPA failed to honor its standard risk assessment methodology in that (i) it failed to perform a quantitative or even qualitative uncertainty analysis and (ii) it failed to analyze the overall degree of conservatism in the results. The U.S. EPA suggested that the analysis is suitably conservative for the average exposed adult, but it failed to consider various phenomena that make the proposed WQC far more conservative than acknowledged or intended. To focus on a central problem of manageable size, this article dissects the method by which the U.S. EPA calculates proposed WQC for organic chemicals regulated as human or animal carcinogens. Because the results for most such chemicals are driven by the pathway for the human ingestion of fish which have bioconcentrated the chemicals from the water column (as opposed to the pathway for direct ingestion of water by humans), this article focuses exclusively on the fish-to-human pathway. These considerations form the basis of general quality assurance criteria and standards.     

Controversy over genetically modified organisms: the governing laws and regulations.

Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs) are increasingly becoming a topic of controversy in the U.S. and abroad. The public is questioning their safety and wanting the products labeled as genetically modified. There are other concerns from some of the scientific world and some government officials and organizations such as the Food & Agricultural Organization (FAO) that question whether adequate research has been done to qualify GMOs as safe for long-term use. Of particular concern are the allergenic properties, a GMO may impart, possible transfer effects of antibiotic resistance (given that antibiotic resistant marker genes are used for many GMOs), the expression of previously unexpressed traits, and the drift of pollen from genetically modified crops. It has also been noted that the laws and regulations governing the biotechnology world are outdated, are not comprehensive, and span too many agencies. The primary agencies currently regulating biotechnology are the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), and the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).     

Images from the sky

Space-based imagery has, until recently, been available primarily to high-level government leaders and subordinate agencies operating within the government. Rapid advances in communications technology and satellite remote sensing has made it possible for the individual citizen to purchase remote sensing imagery of virtually any area on the globe. No longer the private domain of governments, imagery is readily available to corporate organizations with huge investments in forestry, minerals, crops, or other natural resources. More importantly, imagery can be obtained without the permission of the sensed nation. For example, imagery produced by SPOT Imaging of France was used extensively by the coalition forces and the United States Air Force before and during Operations Desert Shield and Storm. Corporations and governments are not the only groups eager to take advantage of this new technology. One only needs to watch the evening weather report for a glimpse of how low-to-medium resolution satellite imagery is used by the news media to predict and track weather patterns around the globe. For the media to take full advantage however, satellite resolution must be reduced to five meters or less. This paper reviews the history of commercial satellite remote sensing, as well as the U.S. government's highly classified KH-series satellites, and explores the future impact of “Mediasat” with regard to its use by the news media. The satellite images that play an increasing role in TV news and weather reports have a short but revealing history, and are part of a potentially even more revolutionary news reporting technology. What follows is a brief attempt to assess this history and the possible future in terms of technological developments, commercial applications, and social applications.     

Scientific publications at U.S. federal research laboratories

Scientometrics - In this paper, we focus on scientific publications as an innovative output from the research efforts at U.S. federal laboratories. The data used relate to Federally Funded Research...