钢箱梁斜拉桥锚拉板式索梁锚固结构的试验研究

斜拉桥的索梁锚固结构受力集中、构造复杂。介绍了锚拉板式索梁锚固结构的特点及其在大跨斜拉桥中的应用,通过对广东湛江海湾大桥锚拉板式索梁锚固结构进行足尺模型静力试验,得到静力荷载作用下锚拉板式索梁锚固结构各测点应力。结合有限元分析和模型试验结果,分析了锚固结构的应力分布及传力机理,锚拉板式索梁锚固结构的设计方案及制造工艺得到了验证。根据Von.Mises强度理论,对锚固结构的承载能力做出了评价,得出一些有益的结论。     

上海长江大桥索梁锚固区疲劳试验研究

上海长江大桥索梁连接形式采用钢锚箱式锚固结构,钢锚箱式锚固结构板件数量多、构造复杂、应力集中严重,特别是在运营活载作用下的抗疲劳性能值得关注。通过有限元方法计算得到了能够代表锚固区受力情况足尺试验模型,并对疲劳试验方法进行了介绍。根据大桥交通状况与设计流量,参照国外规范和研究成果,由疲劳损伤累积理论,确定试验疲劳荷载取值,计算表明在公轨共用斜拉桥中轨道交通引起的疲劳荷载占主要部分。结合理论分析和疲劳试验结果,研究循环荷载作用下钢锚箱式索梁锚固结构的抗疲劳性能,分析表明上海长江大桥索梁锚固结构具有足够的安全储备。     

南京长江二桥南汊桥索梁锚固结构疲劳试验研究

南京长江二桥南汊桥的斜拉索与钢箱梁的锚固采用了锚箱式索梁锚固结构,其受力复杂,特别在运营活载作用下的疲劳性能值得关注。介绍了该索梁锚固结构的足尺模型疲劳试验,在理论分析和试验研究结果的基础上,分析了该索梁锚固结构在循环荷载作用下的疲劳性能,得出一些有益的结论。     

南京长江二桥南汉桥索梁锚固结构疲劳试验研究

南京长江二桥南汊桥的斜拉索与钢箱梁的锚固采用了锚箱式索梁锚固结构，其受力复杂，特别在运营活载作用下的疲劳性能值得关注。介绍了该索梁锚固结构的足尺模型疲劳试验，在理论分析和试验研究结果的基础上，分析了该索梁锚固结构在循环荷载作用下的疲劳性能，得出一些有益的结论。     

大跨度钢箱梁斜拉桥索梁锚固结构型式的比较

介绍了大跨度钢箱梁斜拉桥索梁锚固结构的 4 种常见连接型式:锚箱式连接、耳板式连接、锚管式连接与锚拉板连接。结合具体工程实例,对上述 4 种索梁锚固结构进行了静载试验和理论分析,详细比较了 4 种锚固结构的传力机理、应力分布、应力集中现象,以及改善应力分布、减小应力集中现象的一些措施,得到一些有益的结论,供桥梁设计者参考。     

高速铁路大跨钢桁梁斜拉桥梁端锚固结构疲劳性能研究

南京至安庆高速铁路线上主跨580m的安庆长江大桥的梁端锚固结构采用一种新的双拉板栓焊式锚箱结构。论文对铁路钢桁梁斜拉桥几种典型梁端锚固结构的结构特点及传力机理进行比较分析。为评估高速行车条件下双拉板栓焊式梁端锚固结构的抗疲劳性能,对其进行疲劳试验研究。选取斜拉索活载索力幅值最大的梁端锚固结构为研究对象,利用ANSYS建立锚固结构有限元模型,分析得到主要焊缝应力分布。根据列车的运营情况,考虑4线列车通过桥梁时的相遇概论,运用Miner疲劳损伤累积原则,得到梁端锚固结构的疲劳内力幅。采用1:2缩尺模型,完成梁端锚固结构模型疲劳试验。疲劳试验结果表明,安庆长江大桥所采用的双拉板栓焊式锚箱结构在其设计寿命期内不会发生疲劳开裂,疲劳性能满足设计要求。     

上海长江大桥索塔钢锚箱模型试验研究

上海长江大桥斜拉索与索塔锚固采用结构形式新颖的钢锚箱式锚固结构,最大斜拉索索力达到1127t,钢锚箱板件数量多、构造复杂,在强大索力作用下结构的受力性能值得关注。介绍了该索塔中钢锚箱节段模型试验,得到了钢锚箱板件的应力分布,总结了钢锚箱板件间的传力机理。通过有限元数值计算结果与试验结果的对比分析,验证了数值计算方法的准确性。试验结果和数值计算结果表明:钢锚箱在强大索力作用下,板件应力分布复杂,不均匀程度严重,在1倍设计索力作用下钢锚箱处于弹性状态,但有部分位置的应力超过了规范规定的设计强度值,即使在1.7倍设计索力作用下,钢锚箱仍能继续承载,没有出现明显的变形。建议对于钢锚箱这样的结构在不过多降低结构安全储备情况下可以适当利用部分钢材的塑性。     

斜拉桥锚箱结构空间有限元分析

西南交通大学结构试验中心对南京长江二桥南汊斜拉桥的锚箱式索梁锚固结构进行了静力试验研究。文中运用空间有限元板壳单元对该试验模型进行了分析计算，分析了其应力应变的分布情况，并将计算结果与模型试验结果相互比较验证，得到了结论，为今后实际桥梁的设计与施工提供了可靠的依据。     

体外预应力桥梁锚固结构的受力性能与配筋研究

通过两座不同截面类型的体外预应力桥梁锚固结构的空间应力分析,获得了其应力分布特点,指出了其薄弱环节。探讨了角钢、锚垫板、体外预应力钢管对锚固结构受力性能的影响。根据力流传递形式结合拉压杆模型方法,建立了锚固结构拉压杆配筋计算模型,提出了配筋建议。分析表明:在锚固结构与梁交接部位设置角钢,能有效地降低该位置混凝土的应力集中;按弹性材料分析得到的锚固结构附近区域混凝土的各应力值均不同程度地超出设计强度的若干倍,但考虑材料的非线性,考虑角钢、锚垫板、体外预应力钢管、钢筋网以及分布钢筋的作用,锚固结构混凝土的局部应力大为降低,满足规范限值要求。     

弯剪受力下后锚固群锚承载力计算方法分析

在现有研究理论基础上,针对钢-混凝土后锚固连接钢材破坏时群锚弯剪承载力计算进行分析。采用椭圆型拉剪计算公式并假定所有锚栓均参与受剪,将群锚弯剪受力问题转化为受拉最大那排锚栓的拉剪承载力计算。进行了弯剪受力下的型钢-混凝土后锚固连接件静力和低周反复加载试验,锚固方式采用化学植筋。试验结果表明:受拉最大的钢筋首先达到屈服,且发生在整体锚固破坏前,仅钢筋周围局部混凝土在临近破坏时损坏,可以判断为钢材破坏,破坏前有明显的变形征兆,低周反复加载下后锚固连接承载力较相应的静力时低,建议抗震设计时取承载力折减系数0.8。通过对比分析,该文改进后的群锚弯剪受力方法的计算结果与试验数据吻合较好,可为工程设计提供参考。     

STATIC AND CYCLIC FRETTING FATIGUE BEHAVIOUR OF SILICON NITRIDE

A cyclic fretting fatigue test machine was constructed. The piezoelectric bimorphs were used as actuators for cyclic loading and fretting motion at the resonance frequency of the system. Fretting fatigue tests under static and cyclic loading conditions were carried out using HIP-sintered silicon nitride. From the experimental results, it was found that fretting fatigue strengths under the two test conditions were identical and hence the effect of cyclic loading on fretting fatigue strength of silicon nitride was almost negligible. A fretting crack initiated in a very early stage of the fatigue life at the position of the maximum frictional stress in the contact area. Fretting fatigue life prediction based on fracture mechanics was also carried out. The predicted lives were in good agreement with the experimental results.     

圆管-方管混凝土T型节点疲劳性能试验研究

基于热点应力法的管节点疲劳性能研究思路中,热点应力集中系数和疲劳寿命是描述焊接管结构节点疲劳性能的两个主要方面。对8个支管为圆管主管为内填充C50等级混凝土的方管节点试件（CT1～CT8）进行热点应力试验以确定其热点应力集中系数（SCF）,在此基础上进行疲劳试验以确定其疲劳寿命（N3）,并将试验结果与具有相同几何尺寸和受力条件的圆管-方管节点试验结果以及相关规范进行比较分析。研究表明,支管受轴向荷载下,圆管-方管混凝土节点较对应空钢管节点而言,节点区刚度分布有明显改善,前者SCF最大值均小于后者SCF最大值,具有更好的疲劳性能;已有规范中关于空钢管节点疲劳性能的S-N曲线不适用于进行圆管-方管混凝土T型节点的疲劳性能分析。     

Numerical investigation of fatigue characteristics of concrete pavement

In concrete pavements, fatigue is one of the major causes of distress. Repeated loads result in the formation of cracks. The propagation of these cracks cause internal progressive damage within the structure, which ultimately leads to failure of the pavement due to fatigue. This paper presents a theoretical investigation of crack propagation within concrete pavement and its fatigue characteristics under cyclic loading. A numerical fatigue performance model has been developed for this purpose. The model is based on fictitious crack approach for the propagation of cracks and stress degradation approach for estimating the bridging stress under cyclic loading. Using the numerical model, a parametric study has been performed for a typical concrete pavement to evaluate its fatigue characteristics for different foundation strengths. The method can be used for prediction of crack propagation in concrete pavement under cyclic loading and gives an estimate of the incremental damage or the entire crack history of the pavement.     

循环荷载作用下粉砂岩疲劳流变损伤模型研究

针对现有流变模型难以有效描述循环荷载作用下岩石变形及疲劳损伤演化特征等问题,开展了粉砂岩循环加卸载试验,分析了不同上限荷载下岩石的流变规律与疲劳特性。基于Kachanov蠕变损伤理论建立损伤变量,引入一个带应变触发和应力阈值的黏塑性元件,与Burgers模型串联构建循环荷载作用下岩石疲劳流变损伤模型;将正弦波应力函数替换流变微分本构方程中的恒定应力,推导岩石在循环荷载下的一维、三维微分型损伤本构方程,再根据叠加原理得到模型的黏弹塑性流变损伤方程。适用性验证表明,新建模型不仅可以精确地反映循环加卸载过程中粉砂岩的衰减、稳态流变阶段,还可以有效地描述上限荷载高于疲劳强度时的加速流变阶段。通过粉砂岩疲劳损伤流变全过程定量化分析,提出加速流变阶段的临界损伤阈值和破坏失稳判据,并给出加速流变阶段的启始时间、持续时间及疲劳寿命预测方法,模型对岩体工程长期稳定性评价具有一定的理论指导意义。     

基于疲劳寿命计的桥梁载荷谱识别研究

疲劳寿命计是结构承载过程中理想的疲劳状态监测元件，其电阻产生的不可逆变化反映了结构的疲劳加载历程。首先比较分析了普通应变片和疲劳寿命计在实际应用中的优劣，然后在采用恒幅加载实验研究其基本测试性能的基础上，通过多级加载实验进一步证实了疲劳寿命计电阻响应规律的正确性，由此研究分析了桥梁等大型结构在实际的瑞利分布载荷作用下的疲劳加载历程，并对其使用寿命和剩余寿命进行预测。     

Investigation of fatigue damage accumulation in steels using the Fourier transform of the structure image

Studies of fatigue strength of steels 45 and Kh18N10T and the structure changes during cyclic loading are reported. The fatigue damage accumulation was evaluated by the statistical processing of microstructure images. The value of the ellipse eccentricity in the Fourier transform of the microstructure is used as a parameter characterizing the material state, while the damage accumulation factor, which is integral and invariant with respect to the amplitude of cyclic loading and cycle stress ratio, is used as a quantitative characteristic of changes in the material structure under cyclic loading. In the state prior to the fatigue fracture, the material damage accumulation factor attains a specific value irrespective of the stress amplitude and the cycle stress ratio, and serves as the criterion of fracture under cyclic loading.     

Ultimate strength of a GFRP deck panel for temporary structures

To overcome the steel corrosion and fatigue problems of conventional steel deck panels, a reusable glass-fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP) deck panel has been developed for temporary structures. This paper deals with a series of full-scale tests conducted to experimentally validate the structural performance of the GFRP deck panel. The test program consists of a failure test under quasi-static loading and a fatigue test under cyclic loading. The results of the tests indicate that the GFRP deck panel satisfies both the strength and service design limits.     

Bond behaviour of high‐strength concrete flexural member under low cyclic fatigue loading

Use of high‐strength concrete can lead to more economical design reducing the material requirements, weight of structure and extended service life of structure. The effect of fatigue loading is more prominent on the structures using high‐strength concrete. Bond between concrete and reinforcing bars is a major factor affecting the performance and sustainability of reinforced concrete structures. Less research is available on the effect of low cyclic fatigue loading on the bond strength of high‐strength concrete. In this research, reinforced concrete beams (1165 × 150 × 225 mm) were tested under low cyclic loading with different stress range levels. It can be concluded that the bond strength of high‐strength concrete is more than for normal‐strength concrete. Low‐cyclic fatigue loading decreased the bond strength under monotonic loading by about 43–45%. Energy dissipation during cycling is found to be good. At higher cycles, energy dissipation decreased because of local damages in front of bar ribs. With the increase in number of cycles, change in slip behaviour was found.