食品接触材料中多种添加剂迁移量的测定

目的建立食品接触材料中32种添加剂迁移量的高效液相色谱检测方法,调查市售塑料食品接触材料中32种添加剂的迁移水平。方法选取103批不同材质的塑料食品接触材料,采用异辛烷、乙醇(体积分数分别为50%,20%,10%)、质量分数为3%的乙酸浸泡样品,得到模拟液,用液相色谱仪分析,外标法定量。结果 DBP,DEHP,二苯酮,UV-1577,BHT,697,2246,BHEB和荧光增白剂184均有检出,其中11批PVC样品中DBP或DEHP、1批PP样品中二苯酮和1批PC样品中UV-1577的迁移量高于限量要求。上述添加剂在异辛烷模拟物中的检出率最高,在体积分数为50%的乙醇模拟物中有较低的检出率,在其他3种模拟物中均未检出。结论塑料食品接触材料不宜直接用于接触油类食品和浓度较高的酒类食品。PP材质中的二苯酮、PC材质中的UV-1577、PVC材质中的DBP和DEHP存在的潜在危害较大,应加强监管。     

双酚S迁移量的快速检测及迁移规律研究

目的研究聚醚砜中双酚S迁移量的快速检测方法,以及双酚S的迁移规律。方法以液相色谱-质谱法(LC-MS)快速测定模拟液乙醇(体积分数为50%)、乙酸(质量浓度为30 g/L)及水中双酚S的迁移量,并以此为基础,研究不同的介质、温度、时间、厚度等因素对双酚S迁移规律的影响。结果该法对双酚S的检出限为2.0μg/L,定量限为6.0μg/L,在模拟液水、乙醇(体积分数为50%)、乙酸(质量浓度为30 g/L)中的加标回收率分别为95.2%~102%,97.3%~102%,96.3%~102%,相对标准偏差分别为2.6%~4.2%,2.6%~4.0%,3.3%~4.7%;在相同条件下,双酚S在乙醇(体积分数为50%)中的迁移量最大,其迁移量顺序为乙醇(50%)乙酸(30 g/L)水,同时符合温度越高则迁移量越大、厚度越大迁移量越高的规律。结论采用液相色谱-质谱法检测双酚S,具有操作简便、灵敏度高、重复性好、结果准确等特点;食品模拟物的属性是影响双酚S迁移行为的重要因素,同时,温度和厚度也影响着双酚S在PES中的迁移。     

HPLC测定聚丙烯餐具中12种抗氧化剂迁移量

目的建立高效液相色谱法,测定聚丙烯餐具中12种抗氧化剂的迁移量。方法采用蒸馏水、质量分数为3%的乙酸溶液、质量分数为10%的乙醇溶液、质量分数为20%的乙醇溶液、质量分数为50%的乙醇溶液、异辛烷、聚2,6-二苯基苯乙烷这7种食品模拟物浸提聚丙烯餐具中的12种抗氧化剂,经高效液相色谱-二极管阵列检测器测定,利用外标法进行定量。结果质量浓度为5.0~100.0 mg/L的范围内,12种抗氧化剂线性关系良好,R2≥0.9995,检出限为0.5~2.0 mg/L,平均回收率在87.1%~98.7%,相对标准偏差在0.8%~3.1%。结论利用HPLC法测定聚丙烯餐具中12种抗氧化剂的迁移量,该方法操作简便、快速、灵敏,可为食品接触材料中抗氧化剂分析提供参考。     

食品包装材料HDPE中4种紫外吸收剂的迁移规律研究

在不同的条件下,将含有已知量紫外吸收剂的HDPE膜,在水、10%(体积分数)乙醇溶液,3 g/L乙酸水溶液和精炼橄榄油等4种食品模拟物中浸泡,于一定的时间点吸取少量浸泡液,采用超高效液相色谱法测定紫外吸收剂的含量,研究迁移行为与浸泡时间、温度、食品模拟物属性、紫外吸收剂初始浓度、材料厚度等参数的关系。结果表明:紫外吸收剂只在脂肪类食品模拟物迁出;迁移率和迁移量随温度升高而增加;材料厚度增加,迁移量增大,迁移率降低;紫外吸收剂初始浓度越高,则迁移量越大,迁移率越低。     

食品接触材料聚乙烯和聚丙烯中9种抗氧化剂在食品模拟物中的迁移规律研究

在不同条件下,将含有已知量抗氧化剂的聚乙烯和聚丙烯薄膜,在水、乙酸(3 g/L)、体积分数为10%,50%和95%的乙醇等5种食品模拟物中浸泡,在规定的时间点抽取一定量的浸泡液,采用超高效液相色谱法检测抗氧化剂含量,研究了迁移量及迁移率与时间、温度、模拟物属性、抗氧化剂初始浓度和聚丙烯材料的厚度等参数的关系。结果表明:食品模拟物的属性对抗氧化剂的迁移行为影响最大;迁移量和迁移率随温度的升高而增加;材料厚度增加,则抗氧化剂迁移量增加,而迁移率降低;薄膜中抗氧化剂初始浓度越高,则迁移量越大,迁移率越低。     

超市蔬菜用阻光包装膜的研究

为了减小超市灯光中紫外线对包装鲜切西兰花的货架寿命的影响,采用LDPE与紫外线吸收剂UV-531共混的方法制备选择性阻光薄膜,UV-531所占质量分数分别为0,0.1%,0.3%和0.5%。使用制备的4种薄膜和超市现用LLDPE保鲜膜包装鲜切西兰花,置于超市用灯光下进行保鲜研究。结果表明:添加紫外线吸收剂的LDPE薄膜的透光率随着紫外线吸收剂添加量的增加而降低;在室温(29+1)℃条件下,添加紫外线吸收剂的LDPE薄膜对鲜切西兰花的保鲜效果均好于超市现用LLDPE保鲜膜;其中添加量为0.3%时能够更好地保护鲜切西兰花的叶绿素和水分,保鲜效果最好。     

啤酒易拉罐中苯酚和双酚A的迁移检测

目的建立一种测定啤酒易拉罐中苯酚和双酚A迁移量的方法,应用于市售易拉罐啤酒污染物的检测。方法选用体积分数为10%的乙醇为食品模拟物,在迁移温度为60℃,迁移时间为10 d的条件下开展迁移研究,采用高效液相色谱-荧光法对迁移样液进行检测。结果在文中的试验方法下,苯酚和双酚A在7 min内可实现完全分离,方法的检出限(LOD)分别为6.0和1.5μg/L。苯酚在20~400μg/L质量浓度范围内线性良好(相关系数为0.9999),双酚A在5~100μg/L质量浓度范围内线性良好(相关系数为0.9998)。通过对空白样品进行加标回收试验,苯酚回收率为90.0%~98.5%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为2.7%~6.2%;双酚A回收率为84.0%~102%,RSD为3.2%~5.3%。将该方法应用于7种易拉罐啤酒中苯酚和双酚A迁移量的检测,结果均未检出苯酚,双酚A检出量在6.9~14.8μg/kg之间。结论该方法准确度高、灵敏度好,能够满足啤酒易拉罐中苯酚和双酚A迁移量检测的要求。     

高性能PBO纤维表面改性及抗紫外光性能研究

采用多聚磷酸(PPA)的乙酸溶液和PPA的乙醇溶液对对苯撑苯并二噁唑纤维(PBO纤维)进行表面改性,研究了PPA对PBO纤维表面改性的影响;采用添加紫外光吸收剂的脂环族环氧树脂涂料对PPA表面改性后的PBO纤维进行涂覆处理,采用环境扫描电镜(SEM)以及力学性能测试等表征手段探讨紫外光吸收剂对PBO纤维抗紫外性能的影响。研究结果表明,PPA溶液对PBO纤维表面的溶胀与刻蚀作用随着溶液中PPA质量分数增加而增加,PBO纤维的拉伸强度随PPA质量分数增加不断减小。PBO纤维经含有紫外光吸收剂UV-328的脂环族环氧树脂的涂料涂覆处理后,UV-328和脂环族环氧树脂的协同作用使PBO纤维的抗紫外光性能有显著的提高,PBO纤维拉伸强度的下降速度随着涂料中UV-328的质量分数的增加而减慢。当脂环族环氧树脂的涂料中UV-328的质量分数为5%时,PBO纤维在400h的加速老化后其拉伸强度保留率可提高至60.3%。     

聚乙烯醇复合薄膜的抗紫外线性能

目的研究聚乙烯醇(PVA)复合薄膜(添加紫外线阻隔剂)的紫外线透过率和透明性能。方法将不同种类、不同质量分数的紫外线阻隔剂与PVA原料混合制备复合薄膜,检测其紫外线透过率、透光率、雾度。结果添加有机紫外线吸收剂UV-284后,薄膜能够有效阻隔大部分紫外线,但影响薄膜的外观,复合薄膜呈黄色。无机的紫外线阻隔剂在PVA薄膜中容易发生颗粒团聚,当Nano-Ti O2的质量分数为2.5%时,复合薄膜的平均紫外线透过率达到2%左右,若再增加质量分数则紫外线透过率变化不大。结论紫外线阻隔剂有效降低了PVA薄膜的紫外线透过率,但同时复合薄膜的透光率降低,雾度上升。综合比较,PVA薄膜中添加Nano-Ti O2的紫外线阻隔效果,比加入相同质量分数的UV-284或Nano-Zn O的复合薄膜要好。     

三重串联四级杆液质联用仪测定塑料杯中双酚A迁移量方法研究

建立了三重串联四级杆液质联用仪法测定塑料杯中双酚A(BPA)迁移量的分析方法。塑料杯经4种模拟液(水、3%乙酸水溶液、10%乙醇溶液和异辛烷)浸泡后,以ZORBAX Eclipce XDB-C18色谱柱分离,进行LC-MS/MS多反应监测模式下定性及定量分析。LC-MS/MS定量限为1.5μg/kg,线性范围为10~500ng/L,相关系数r2=0.9991,平均回收率为78.60%~97.92%,相对标准偏差为2.58%~7.65%(n=6)。     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.     

Early ironwork in Biscay: Survey,excavation, experimentation and materials characterization. An integral study of the mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte or “haizeolak”)

ABSTRACT

The production of iron in Biscay (Basque Country, Spain) has been a hallmark of this territory of the North of the Iberian Peninsula throughout its history. The Archaeology team of the Basque Country Mining Museum has spent 13 years, so far, studying the origins of this activity through the evidences left at the old pre-hydraulic iron production workshops known as mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte) or haizeolak. It has catalogued 170 archaeometallurgical sites of this type in Biscay, and the archeological excavation of some of them has led to the knowledge of the different stages of the production process that took place in these workshops. The team has also experimentally reproduced the work carried out in a mountainside ironworks from the High Middle Ages, and it has currently started the characterization process of this type of activity through the study of the collected materials.     

Mechanism Study on the Wear of CrAlTiN Coated High-Speed Steel Twist Drills Under Dry Cutting Conditions

As demands about environment protection are growing up, dry cutting technology is getting more and more concerns from all over the world. Main works performed here are study on dry cutting performances and wear mechanisms of M2high-speed steel (HSS) twist drills with CrAlTiN multicomponent coatings, which was deposited using magnetron sputter ion plating system, in drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, and their comparisons to those in drilling the same steel but using monolayer CrN and commercial TiN coated drills. Drilling performances of drills are evaluated mainly through the measurements of width on outer corner flank land and the cutting forces. Results show that performances of CrAlTiN coated drills are better than those of monolayer CrN and TiN coated drills. In drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, the average tool life of the CrAlTiN coated drills are 17.2 and 11.8 times higher than those of the uncoated drills. Observing wear of the drill with scanning electronic microscope, results show that there is no crack or spallation of the CrAlTiN coatings in wear zones. Main mechanism of the wear here is adhesion.     

Study on Bond Ability of Arc-Spraying Coatings with Different Surface Pretreatment on Cast-Iron

Arc spraying coatings are widely used in various applications, but uncommon in cast iron substrate. Different surface pretreatment technology is tested on substrates of gray cast iron. Surface roughness and residual stress were measured by TR200 and X-ray diffraction analyzer. Influence of different surface pretreatment methods ( dry blasting and fusebond) on roughness and residual stress was analyzed. The arc-sprayed coatings of wire 3Cr13 (φ2mm) on gray cast iron substrate is studied. The microstructure and interface of bonding layer were observed by SEM. The bond strength was taken by tensile test. Results show that bond strength with grit blasting is higher than fuse-bond; it is feasible to make wire 3Cr13 coating with arc spraying on cast iron substrate roughened by grit blasting.     

Structural Characteristics of TiO2 Ceramic Coating by Micro-Plasma Oxidation

TiO2 ceramic coatings with thickness of 20 μm were formed on the surface of pure titanium by micro-plasma oxidation. Their micro-structures were investigated by by using X-ray diffraction and their surface images were detected by using scan electronic microscope. There were three kinds of TiO2 coatings, pure anatase type TiO2 phase, mixed phases consisted of rutile type TiO2 phase and anatase type TiO2 phase, pure rutile type TiO2 phase. The coating surface with the pure anatase type TiO2 phase is rough, while the coating surface with the pure rutile type TiO2phase is smooth. The upper coating surface with the mixed type TiO2 phases is anatase type TiO2 structure and the subsurface of the TiO2 coating is rutile type TiO2structure.     

Evaluation of fatigue life of steel using steel grain size

The insightful discussion of the relationship between the construction of metallographic and fatigue life and proposition of mathematical relationships describing this relationship was conducted in the paper. This paper presents a method for estimating the fatigue life, based on the construction of the microstructural material taking into account the grain size and the participation of ferrite and pearlite phase.