浅谈动态电压恢复器在舰船综合电力系统中的应用

介绍了动态电压恢复器的基本原理,动态电压恢复器的的发展与应用,叙述了舰船综合电力系统的研究意义,展望了将动态电压恢复器应用于综合电力系统的前景。     

基于DSP的动态电压恢复器实现

对动态电压恢复器的主要结构、应用场合、控制策略与补偿策略等进行比较分析和优化选择．详细介绍了基于TM$320F2812芯片的动态电压恢复器（DVR）的设计,采用串联补偿方式、同相位补偿策略及LC滤波,实现三相电压的实时动态补偿功能．在MATLAB下建立DVR的详细仿真模型,并用实验验证了动态电压恢复器的动态性能和电压跌落补偿效果．     

基于调制电压滤波器的电压稳定性研究

提出一种低成本电压稳定方案,利用双调制开关电源滤器补偿方案,采用动态误差驱动驱动控制器以稳定负荷母线的电压。使用一种新的PWM开关的动态三环路控制器来稳定电压及提高电能质量,在三环路动态误差跟踪控制器驱动即是基于此控制理论。     

浅议电力系统的无功功率和电压控制

电压是衡量电能质量的一个重要指标。电力系统中各种用电设备只有在电压为额定值时才有最好的技术和经济指标。但是在电力系统的正常运行中，用电负荷和系统运行方式是经常变化的，由此引起电压发生变化，不可避免地出现电压偏移。而电力系统的运行电压水平取决于无功功率的平衡，系统中各种无功电源的无功功率输出应能满足系统负荷和网络损耗在额定电压下对无功功率的需求，否则就会偏离额定值。     

基于Matlab/Simulink的电压暂降仿真与分析

介绍了检测电压暂降的有效值算法和傅里叶变换(FFT)算法,在Matlab环境下,针对四种冲击性负荷引起的电压变化进行仿真,并将有效值算法和傅里叶变换(FFT)算法相结合,检测了电压暂降的幅值、持续时间和相位跳变,验证了这两种算法的有效性。仿真结果表明,在正常负荷相同的条件下,冲击性负荷的有功功率对于电压暂降的幅度和相位跳变均有明显的影响;而冲击性负荷的无功功率则主要影响电压暂降的幅度,对于相位跳变的影响很小。     

微电网双向变流器的复合控制策略

研究了采用双向变流技术的微电网的稳定控制和电能质量改善方法。考虑到大电网中的动态电压恢复器(DVR)、静止无功发生器(SVG)、有源电力滤波器(APF)等由于动态响应、功率等级和经济性的原因并不适用于微电网,提出了一种基于非线性控制理论的复合控制方法。该方法对电流内环通过状态反馈使非线性系统精确线性化,并完全解耦有功和无功电流,从而提高了内环电流的跟踪精度及动态响应速度,提升了电压外环的快速响应能力。对电压外环采用滑模控制,解决了系统时变参数的问题,提高了外环电压的鲁棒性。实验表明,该复合控制方法具有网侧电流动态响应速度快、跟踪精度高、谐波电流小,直流侧电压动态响应快速的特点。     

动态电压恢复器在医药行业中的运用

电能质量在企业制药生产中具有至关重要的地位。理想的电能应该是完美对称的正弦波。由于一些因素的影响会使波形偏离对称正弦,因此便产生了电能质量问题。电压波动是电能质量的指标之一,电压波动会导致一些敏感电气元器产生误动作,造成设备停止运行,从而对生产质量造成了影响。基于此,该文阐述了电压波动对电器设备的具体影响,并通过引入动态电压恢复器,对设备的运行保驾护航。     

三绕组电压互感器误差推算的一种新方法

本文介绍的推算电压互感器实际负荷下误差的方法 ,具有一定的通用性、实用性 ,尤其适合通过编写程序计算实际负荷下电压互感器误差     

浅析耐电压测试仪实际输出容量的检定

针对“半负荷电压跌落法”在耐电压测试仪实际输出容量检定中存在的问题，从分析容量测量的原理出发，重点讨论了测试电压和负载电阻器与实际输出容量检定的关系；在此基础上对实际输出容量的检定提出了更具有可操作性的指导原则，并指出该检定项目的适用范围。     

浅谈配电网三相电压不平衡产生的原因与对策

本文介绍了三相电压不平衡的概念,深入分析了配电网中三相不平衡电压的产生原因。首先,提出负荷不平衡,自动消弧装置和电网元件不对称是产生三相电压不平衡的主要原因。其中电气化铁路和电弧炉都是严重的不平衡负荷。分析了三相四线制供电系统中。中性点电位偏移的原因、后果及防护措施。最后提出了解决的对策。     

Design and analysis of dynamic voltage restorer for deep voltage sag and harmonic compensation

A dynamic voltage restorer (DVR) to compensate deep voltage sags and harmonics is proposed. The DVR consists of shunt and series converters connected back-to-back through a DC-to-DC step up converter. The presence of the DC-to-DC step converter permits the DVR to compensate deep voltage sags for long duration. The series converter is connected to the supply side whereas the shunt converter is connected to the load side. With this configuration, there is no need for large DC capacitors. A design procedure for the components of the DVR is presented under a voltage sag condition. The control system of the proposed DVR is based on hysteresis voltage control. Besides voltage sag compensation, the capability of compensating load voltage harmonics has been added to the DVR to increase the power quality benefits to the load with almost negligible effect on the sag compensation capability. The proposed DVR is modelled and simulated using SIMULINK/MATLAB environment. Time domain simulations are used to verify the operation of the DVR with linear and non-linear loads.     

Design and control of single-phase dynamic voltage restorer

Dynamic voltage restorer (DVR) is a custom power device used in electrical distribution system for power quality improvement. It ensures regulated voltage supply to the sensitive loads, even in case of voltage sag and swell disturbances in the distribution network. It is a series connected device and compensates voltage sag and swell by injecting a voltage with the help of a series transformer. The injection of an appropriate voltage component in the event of a voltage disturbance requires a certain amount of real and reactive power. Conventionally, DVR consists of an energy storage device, which supplies the required power over the limited duration of the sags. Large magnitude and long duration of sags lead to heavy financial investment in energy storage unit. To overcome this limitation, a single-phase back-to-back converter-based DVR is implemented in this work, which eliminates energy storage requirement. The integration of series and shunt converter makes the DVR capable of bidirectional flow of energy. Therefore, the key advantage of this topology is its capability to compensate for long-term voltage sag and swell. Modelling of the DVR and its controller design is included in this paper. The effectiveness of control schemes, protection schemes and starting sequence of operation of DVR is verified through detailed simulation studies. A scaled down laboratory prototype of DVR is developed. The viability of these schemes is confirmed by the experimental results generated from the laboratory prototype. Various challenges faced during the prototype development and corresponding solutions are also discussed in this paper.     

Smart demand for improving short-term voltage control on distribution networks

Smart grids must involve active roles from end users in order to be truly smart. The energy consumption has to be done in a flexible and intelligent manner, in accordance with the current conditions of the power system. Moreover, with the advent of dispersed and renewable generation, increasing customer integration to aid power system performance is almost inevitable. This study introduces a new type of smart demand side technology, denoted demand as voltage controlled reserve (DVR), to improve short-term voltage control, where customers are expected to play a more dynamic role to improve voltage control. The technology can be provided by thermostatically controlled loads as well as other types of load. This technology is proven to be effective in case of distribution systems with a large composition of induction motors, where the voltage presents a slow recovery characteristic due to deceleration of the motors during faults. This study presents detailed models, discussion and simulation tests to demonstrate the technical viability and effectiveness of the DVR technology for short-term voltage control.     

Fast sag/swell detection method for fuzzy logic controlled dynamic voltage restorer

In this study, the design and analysis of a fuzzy logic (FL) controlled dynamic voltage restorer (DVR) are presented and extended to perform fast fault detection. A new control method for DVR is proposed by combining FL with a carrier modulated PWM inverter. The proposed control scheme is simple to design and has excellent voltage compensation capabilities. The proposed method for voltage sag/swell detection has the ability of detecting different kinds of power disturbances faster than conventional detection methods. Effectiveness of the proposed detection method is shown by comparison with the conventional methods in the literature. Simulation results under unbalanced supply voltage are presented to evaluate the performance of the designed DVR.     

Control strategy for dynamic voltage restorers to achieve minimum power injection without introducing sudden phase shift

A power injection control strategy is proposed for dynamic voltage restorers (DVR) under voltage sag or swell conditions. Under such a strategy, the error between the voltage of the energy storage capacitor in the DVR and a given reference voltage is extracted to control the injected power such that during an upstream voltage disturbance, zero or minimum power injection can be achieved automatically, while sudden phase jump of the load-side voltage can also be avoided. The proposed control strategy is analysed in detail and numerical examples are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the scheme.     

Calculation of voltage fluctuation caused by intermittent loads

Abstract

Intermittent loads, such as grinders and welders, are the main factors that degrade the power quality in the distribution system. Intermittent loads will result in voltage fluctuations with stochastic characteristics, which may lead to malfunction of other sensitive loads. This paper uses cumulant method to calculate the bus voltage fluctuation using the algebraic addition and multiplication. The probability density function of the voltage fluctuation can be further expressed by the Gram‐Charlier series expansion. Compared with traditional methods, computation complexity can be simplified and computation time can be markedly reduced by the proposed method. The simulation results from an 11‐bus industrial distribution system with grinders show the applicability of the proposed method.     

交直流电压条件下TVS触发特性研究

通过试验得到了触发系统的触发能量、触发电压与真空触发开关(TVS)导通概率、触发时延及分散性的关系,试验结果可以作为高性能真空触发开关控制器的设计与应用的指导。触发点火回路采用陡化高压触发脉冲,使TVS的导通时延及其分散性显著降低。引入同步触发技术,控制TVS主间隙在交流外施电压峰值触发。重点比较主间隙施加交直流情况下的触发特性,在触发参数、交流电压峰值与直流电压值相等的条件下,直流情况下TVS的导通概率和触发稳定性明显高于交流情况,交流情况下对触发系统的要求更为苛刻。     

Simultaneous removals of NOx, HC and PM from diesel exhaust emissions by dielectric barrier discharges

The main target of this work is to characterize the abatements of particulate matter (PM), hydrocarbons (HC) and nitrogen oxides (NO_x) from an actual diesel exhaust using dielectric barrier discharge technology (DBD). The effects of several parameters, such as peak voltage, frequency and engine load, on the contaminant removals have been investigated intensively. The present study shows that for a given frequency, the removals of PM and HC are enhanced with the increase of peak voltage and level off at higher voltage, while in the range of higher voltages a decline of NO_x removal efficiency is observed. For a given voltage, the maximums of specific energy density (SED) and removal efficiency are attained at resonance point. The increase of peak voltage will result in a significant decrease of energy utilization efficiency of DBD at most engine loads. Alkanes in soluble organic fraction (SOF) are more readily subjected to removals than polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs).     

A self-synchronizing instrument for harmonic source detection in power systems

The deregulation of energy markets holds out new prospects for contracts between customers and utilities, in which the price of energy can depend on voltage quality and load characteristics, as well as on the responsibility for disturbances caused to supply voltage in power systems. In this context, harmonic source detection is one of the main problems because of equipment sensibility and the proliferation of loads which absorb nonsinusoidal currents. In this paper, the authors present a new instrument based on a time-domain method for the detection of harmonic active powers in three-phase systems, which can be usefully applied even in the presence of unbalance or asymmetry. The amplitude and sign of harmonic powers can be measured directly, and no spectral analysis is required for the evaluation of the amplitudes and phase angles of supply currents. Moreover, the instrument is able to synchronize itself with the input signal to measure the total distortion factors of voltages and currents, supply voltage unbalance, and harmonic voltage amplitudes. Theoretical aspects are discussed, the measurement accuracy is evaluated, and the experimental results are presented. Finally, a comparison is made with a commercial instrument.