过渡金属磷酸盐空旷骨架化合物合成研究

空旷骨架结构过渡金属磷酸盐是一种重要的无机多功能材料,近年来,这一类化合物晶体的合成研究引起了人们的广泛兴趣.主要介绍了该类化合物的研究现状与发展历史,并讨论了该类材料的发展前景.     

苯并异噻唑啉酮甲酰胺类衍生物的合成及海洋防污性能研究

以取代苯胺为原料合成了9个苯并异噻唑啉酮类衍生物,并研究了合成化合物对藤壶二期无节幼虫的急性毒性效应。结果表明,该类化合物对藤壶幼虫均有良好的毒杀作用,活性最优者,其半数致死浓度仅为0.8mg/L。选择其中对藤壶幼虫毒杀作用较突出的5个化合物进行浅海挂板测试,结果表明化合物添加量为0.1%时,其90d防污效果基本可以达到要求。     

稀土化合物纳米荧光材料研究的新进展

概述了稀土化合物纳米荧光材料近几年的研究进展．主要集中讨论了稀土化合物纳米荧光材料制备、结构与性能的关系．其中光谱学的研究涵盖了基本的光谱、发光强度、荧光寿命和浓度猝灭等多个方面．并对这一新兴领域进一步的研究工作提出了一些意见．     

7-羟基-4-氧-4H-异黄酮-2-甲酸及其乙酯的合成和光学性质

合成了7-羟基-4-氧-异黄酮-2-甲酸(3a)及其乙酯(3b)并用红外、核磁、质谱、元素分析进行了结构表征。研究了上述化合物在乙醇和水中的荧光光谱,并研究了不同pH值环境下,对该类化合物紫外光谱的影响。在不同pH值条件下,化合物3a和3b的吸收光谱呈现规律性的变化。其分子结构pH值的改变而发生有趣的变化。     

羧酸吡啶类氢键液晶分子的合成及表征

以4-己氧基苯甲酸为质子给体,4-硝基苯乙烯基吡啶为受体,四氢呋喃为溶剂,制备了一种液晶超分子复合物—羧酸吡啶类氢键自主装型液晶复合物,用DSC和热台偏光显微镜对所合成化合物进行了相态和液晶性研究,并用IR1、H-NMR对所合成化合物进行了结构表征。结果表明:合成了目标化合物;IR结果证明了羧基和吡啶环间分子间氢键代替了羧基间的分子间氢键;相态及液晶行为研究证明了氢键复合物具有典型的热致液晶性能且呈现明显的向列型液晶态。     

脂肪族磺酸盐减水剂合成方法综述和分析

分析了脂肪族磺酸盐减水剂的合成机理,概述了脂肪族磺酸盐减水剂的合成方法及其性能.提出今后应充分重视引入酸性基团化合物对脂肪族缩合物进行接枝改良处理的研究,加大对微波和无热源法合成脂肪族减水剂工艺和性能的研究,并尝试研究用苯乙酮作为原料生产脂肪族减水剂.并就SAF型脂肪族减水剂的加料顺序、磺化剂种类、溶液pH值对减水剂减水率的影响进行了对比试验.     

液晶性能对聚氨酯／液晶复合膜抗凝血性能的影响

合成了3种亲水性胆甾醇液晶化合物,HO-[CH2CH2]-nO-C∧‖O-O-Chol（n=2,3,4）,用元素分析法、红外光谱、差热分析以及偏光显微镜观察对其结构进行了表征,利用聚氨酯与上述液晶化合物制备复合膜,研究了液晶性能对聚合物/液晶复合膜抗凝血性能的影响,结果表明,胆甾醇液晶化合物有利于改善聚合物材料的抗凝血性能。     

金属表面均三嗪二硫醇类化合物纳米薄膜制备及应用

金属材料表面功能性纳米薄膜的制备研究已成为当前新材料科学研究领域的热点,其中均三嗪二硫醇类化合物的功能膜是其中之一。介绍了均三嗪二硫醇类分子的结构和特性;综述了均三嗪二硫醇类化合物纳米薄膜和聚合膜的制备方法及其应用领域,对该类化合物在不同金属表面的吸附和聚合机理进行归纳并讨论分析;展望了该类化合物聚合纳米膜新的应用前景。     

短烷基系列芳醛类液晶材料的合成及其相变规律研究

通过室温反应合成了系列C3和C5烷基取代的多环单酯基苯甲醛类液晶,研究了室温羧酸氯化有效抑制反式环己烷构型转化的机理,讨论了不同的端基、环体系对化合物液晶相变区间、焓变及熵变的影响。结果表明,该类芳香醛化合物端基与环体系的改变使化合物的液晶相温度范围、焓变及熵变呈现规律性的改变,且环体系对化合物液晶性质的影响远大于末端烷基。     

氨基酸酯取代聚膦腈的分子结构和性能关系的研究——(Ⅱ)性能及其降解行为

已经报道了五种氨基酸乙酯取代聚膦腈的合成及反应条件和加料顺序对聚合物结构的影响。本文进一步对这五种聚合物的亲水性、力学性能、成膜性能以及降解行为进行了研究,发现该类聚合物具有较好的降解性能,通过比较降解前后聚合物结构的变化,探讨了氨基酸酯取代聚膦腈的水解机理,证实该类聚合物的降解是以侧基中酯键水解开始的。     

Novel low temperature synthesis of ZnO nanostructures and its efficient field emission property

We have developed a novel, simple and cost effective wet chemical synthetic route for the production of ZnO nanoneedles and nanoflowers at low temperature. The synthesis process does not require any surfactant, template or pre-seeding. The synthesized ZnO nanoneedles have very sharp tips with their lengths in the range 2-3 μm, while for the case of nanoflowers, the nanoneedles were bunched together. X-ray diffraction study and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic studies confirmed the formation of pure ZnO phase. Studies on the electron field emission property of the grown nanostructures showed that they are very efficient field emitter. The turn-on fields and the threshold fields are 3.6 V/μm, 4.4 V/μm and 5.4 V/μm, 6.8 V/μm for the ZnO nanoneedles and ZnO nanoflowers, respectively. The enhanced field emission property was attributed to the presence of sharp tips of the nanostructures.     

钛酸盐研究进展

作为一种新型雷达波吸收剂,钛酸盐化合物的研制开发正在国内外展开.介绍了钛酸盐的两种结构钛铁矿类和钙钛矿类,以及在此结构下对应的优越的吸波性能;分析比较了目前较为常见的钛酸盐粉料的合成方法高温气相合成法、共沉淀法和溶胶-凝胶法等;综述了其作为吸波材料应用研究的最新进展.     

Optical and morphological properties of silicon dioxide thin films

The purpose of the present work is to compare the structural and optical properties of the Silicon dioxide films obtained from TMOS Si(OCH₃)₄), N₂O, and NH₃ as precursor gases, which with respect to their potential optical applications, have been deposited by using inductively coupled plasma-enhanced chemical-vapor deposition method. The optical property as well as the thickness of the films were analyzed by means of variable angle spectroscopic ellipsometry. Morphological studies were carried out by scanning electron microscopy, and chemical composition characterization was performed with the help of energy dispersive spectroscopy unit coupled with the electron microscope. The type of the substance and the precursor composition used for silicon dioxide synthesis are effective on the chemical composition of the films. The refractive index values of these films advocate their use as high refractive index materials while their low extinction coefficients assure the devices transparency. The work presents deposition rates as well as the films optical properties, chemical composition and morphology regarding the operational parameters of their synthesis. It also provides a comparison of the characteristics of the two competitive precursor compounds.     

沸石分子筛膜的研究进展及展望

介绍了原位合成法、晶种法、微波加热法等合成沸石分子筛膜的进展情况及分子筛膜的应用,并从载体的选择、缺陷及修饰、成膜机理以及表征手段等方面指出了未来分子筛膜的研究方向.     

溶剂热法合成Fe3O4纳米微粒及其调控机制

为探究磁性四氧化三铁(Fe₃O₄)纳米微粒的合成过程,采用溶剂热法制备Fe₃O₄纳米微粒并对其反应条件进行调控,通过扫描电子显微镜、红外光谱仪和X射线衍射仪分别对其表面形态、成分结构和晶体结构进行表征,利用振动样品磁强计测试其磁性能;研究反应时间、反应温度和聚乙二醇(PEG)用量的调控机制。结果表明,反应时间12 h、反应温度200℃、PEG含量1 mmol为最优合成条件;在该条件下制得的产物尺寸均一、形态稳定且具有良好的分散性,主体粒径在400 nm左右,且具有良好的磁性能。     

机械球磨法制备纳米材料的研究进展

综述了机械球磨法制备纳米结构材料及其性能研究的最新研究进展。     

Mechanochemical synthesis of BiSI and Bi19S27I3 semiconductor materials

With regard to the intensive investigations of bismuth oxyhalides as promising photocatalysts, much expectation may be put on the corresponding chalcohalides but little is known due to difficulty in the synthesis. In this report, BiSI and Bi₁₉S₂₇I₃ were synthesized by one-step mechanochemical method without heating and aqueous operations and the products were characterized by X-ray diffraction crystallography, Raman spectroscopic analysis, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis, photoluminescence spectra and UV–visible DRS. The new method allowed the simple syntheses of pure bismuth chalcohalides without observable existences of impurity phases. The crystal structures of BiSI and Bi₁₉S₂₇I₃ were orthorhombic, with the absorption band gaps of 1.80 and 1.14 eV for BiSI and Bi₁₉S₂₇I₃, respectively. Bi-rich compound is considered to be beneficial to the photochemical property of chalcohalides. After overcoming the difficulty in the synthesis, our research would offer new strategy to exploit the potentials of V-VI-VII compounds, particularly of sulfides, as promising semiconductors to compete the corresponding counterparts of oxides.     

水滑石的合成、改性及其在功能复合材料中的应用

介绍了水滑石的结构和性能,分析了其典型的层状结构及其离子可交换性;着重介绍了水滑石的合成方法,如共沉淀法、离子交换法和焙烧还原法等,并对比了各种方法的特点;水滑石的改性主要是进行有机化改性,改性之后的水滑石才能与聚合物之间产生良好的结合力;重点综述了水滑石与高分子材料复合以后制备的功能材料或纳米复合材料的研究进展,以期为水滑石的进一步研究提供帮助.     

Mesocrystals—Ordered Nanoparticle Superstructures

Mesocrystals are 3D ordered nanoparticle superstructures, often with internal porosity, which receive much recent research interest. While more and more mesocrystal systems are found in biomineralization or synthesized, their potential as material still needs to be explored. It needs to be revealed, which new chemical and physical properties arise from the mesocrystal structure, or how they change by the ordered aggregation of nanoparticles to fully exploit the promising potential of mesocrystals. Also, the mechanisms for mesocrystal synthesis need to be explored to adapt it to a wide class of materials. The last three years have seen remarkable progress, which is summarized here. Also potential future directions of this reaserch field are discussed. This shows the importance of mesocrystals not only for the field of materials research and allows the appliction of mesocrystals in advanced materials synthesis or property improvement of existing materials. It also outlines attractive research directions in this field.     

液相法制备钛酸锶钡粉体的研究进展

液相法是制备性能良好的钛酸锶钡粉体的有效方法.介绍了国内外近年来液相法合成钛酸锶钡的研究现状及其进展,重点介绍了几种基本的液相合成法:化学沉淀法、溶胶-凝胶法、水热合成法、喷雾热解法和燃烧合成法,比较了其优缺点,对基本液相法的新进展进行了简要介绍,并对进一步的研究方向和发展趋势提出了见解.