碳分子筛填充聚醚共聚乙酰胺膜渗透汽化分离水溶液中的醋酸正丁酯

将碳分子筛(CMS)引入到聚醚共聚乙酰胺(PEBA)中制备填充膜,采用FTIR、SEM对膜的物理化学结构进行了表征,结果显示CMS与PEBA间未发生化学交联,CMS在膜中分散均匀且与PEBA结合紧密.通过拉伸实验,测定了膜的机械性能.借助溶胀实验,考察了膜在醋酸正丁酯水溶液中的溶胀性能.通过渗透汽化实验,验证了膜的渗透汽化性能,结果表明通量随着温度的升高而增大,分离因子则随温度升高而下降;当料液浓度增大时,醋酸正丁酯的通量和分离因子都显著增大;当CMS填充量为20%时,膜的分离效果最佳,总通量和分离因子分别可达到421.6 g/(m2.h)和590.4.利用Arrhennius方程,关联了通量与温度的关系.另外,还对膜结构与溶液组分的相互作用以及膜中CMS存在通道作用的机理进行了探讨.     

碳分子筛膜的研究进展

碳分子筛膜具有很高的选择性，透过率等特性，在气体分离领域具有广阔的应用前景。介绍了碳分子筛膜制备，气体分离机理及应用研究的进展。     

ZSM-5填充PDMS/PVDF复合膜的纳滤分离性能

将ZSM-5分子筛填充于聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)制备ZSM-5填充的PDMS/PVDF(聚偏氯乙烯)复合膜,采用扫描电镜(SEM)、接触角(CA)等方法对填充复合膜进行了表征和分析,并考察了复合膜对大豆油/己烷混合油的纳滤分离性能,研究了热处理、氢氟酸处理的ZSM-5及其填充量对复合膜分离性能的影响.结果表明,未处理ZSM-5填充膜对复合膜的分离性能有一定增强;经氢氟酸处理的ZSM-5传质阻力增加,填充膜的通量和截留率均有所下降;经热处理的ZSM-5由于孔内有机物被除去,孔道畅通,为己烷提供了优先通道,填充膜的通量改善较大,截留率也有一定提高.ZSM-5填充质量分数在30%~40%时复合膜的分离性能较好;当填充量过高时,由于ZSM-5团聚造成缺陷,反而恶化分离性能,截留率大幅降低.     

异相粒子填充聚合物分离膜

膜技术的快速发展对膜性能的要求也越来越高。异相粒子填充制膜扩大了膜材料的选择范围,改善了膜的多种性能,并且为制备特种分离膜提供了一种较为简便的方法。文中从异相粒子填充聚合物分离膜的特点、性能、制备方法和孔的形成机理等几个方面在国内外发展现状进行了评述。     

酚醛树脂基碳分子筛的研究

以酚醛树脂为原料,采用固化、干馏、粉碎、造粒、炭化和碳沉积制备工艺、制备了用于空气分离的碳分子筛,采用单塔变压吸附法及重量法对自制的碳分子筛及日本样品碳分子筛的空分性能进行了比较,结果表明：以酚醛树脂为原料,可制得选择吸附系数大,吸附容量大,强度好的优质碳分子筛,其性能已达到或超过日本样品碳分子筛水平。     

埃洛石纳米管掺杂海藻酸复合膜制备及其渗透蒸发脱水研究

采用天然硅骨架材料埃洛石纳米管(HNT)为填充剂,引入海藻酸钠(SA)高分子基质中,旋涂于聚丙烯腈(PAN)基膜上制得SA-HNT/PAN膜,考察了膜的渗透蒸发乙醇脱水性能.通过扫描电子显微镜、红外光谱、热失重分析等研究了HNT填充量对膜形貌、化学结构及热稳定性的影响,考察了不同HNT填充量、渗透蒸发操作温度及原料液组成对分离性能的影响.结果表明,在SA基质中加入具有亲水性的管状HNT填充剂可同时提升膜的选择性与渗透性.当HNT的填充质量分数为4%时,所制得的SA-HNT/PAN膜的性能最优,渗透通量和分离因子分别达到1 722 g/(m~2·h)和1 415.     

变压吸附器和薄膜装置——可供选择的氮气来源

文章对碳分子筛的若干性能和变压吸附技术进行了简单介绍,着重介绍了薄膜分离的基本原理及薄膜分离装置的结构和性能。图12。     

PDMS/改性ZSM-5复合膜的制备及其性能研究

采用γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷(KH-550)为改性剂,对ZSM-5型沸石粒子进行了改性,以聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)为膜材料,制备了改性沸石填充的PDMS渗透汽化杂化膜。以10%的乙醇/水体系为实验对象,研究了该杂化膜对乙醇的分离性能。结果表明,填充改性沸石粒子能显著提高PDMS膜的分离性能。当料液温度为40℃时,分离因子和渗透通量分别达到14.1和348.7 g/(m2·h)。     

碳黑填充PDMS渗透蒸发优先脱醇膜的制备研究

通过碳黑填充有机硅膜的方法,制备了一种新型聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)优先脱醇渗透蒸发分离膜,考察了铸膜液制备、溶剂、碳黑粒径及处理方法和进料温度与膜的渗透蒸发性能之间的关系.结果表明,采用超声分散碳黑和正癸烷溶剂可以制得性能良好的膜.利用热处理过的N110碳黑填充PDMS膜,可以在保持分离因子不变的前提下,使总渗透通量提高到空白膜的两倍以上.碳黑填充PDMS膜总通量随进料温度升高而增加,选择性基本保持不变.     

碳分子筛膜气体分离机理模拟的研究进展

介绍了近几年来碳分子筛膜气体分离机理研究的状况，包括模拟方法的发展和选择，巳有的非平衡分子动力学方法及目前模拟研究成果。详细地介绍了采用双控容积巨正则分子动力学（DCV-GCMD）方法进行碳分子筛膜气体分离机理模拟的基本原理和实现方法。提出了现有模拟研究所存在的问题及今后发展方向。到目前为止，巳有模拟结果和实验数据还有很好的可比性，通过分析可能的原因并给出了进一步完善模拟的建议。     

Linking Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services data with prospective DCOR trial data: Methods and data comparison results

The Dialysis Clinical Outcomes Revisited (DCOR) trial was a large randomized, multicenter 3‐year trial comparing the effects of sevelamer with calcium‐based binders on mortality, hospitalization, morbidity, and medical costs in hemodialysis subjects. Dialysis Clinical Outcomes Revisited was prospectively designed to link subjects to the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services End‐Stage Renal Disease (CMS ESRD) database to collect additional baseline characteristic data and to enhance outcome evaluation. Subjects were linked to the CMS ESRD database by means of an algorithm using several patient identifiers. Some baseline characteristic data were collected exclusively from the CMS ESRD database. Mortality and hospitalization end points were obtained from the CMS ESRD database and compared with similar data collected prospectively into a case‐report form (CRF) database. Of the 2103 patients who participated in the DCOR study, 2101 were successfully linked to the CMS ESRD database. Patient baseline data showed that treatment groups were well‐balanced, except that a higher proportion of subjects in the calcium‐based binder group had atherosclerotic heart disease. Calculated mortality rates were similar between databases, but more deaths were identified in the CMS than in the CRF database. These additional deaths were verified through several sources. More hospitalizations were also detected in the CMS than in the CRF database. The CMS database was a good source of death end points and hospitalization occurrence. Linking patients to the data‐rich CMS ESRD database allowed assessment of additional important secondary end points at a relatively low cost compared with prospective data collection.     

氯化镁/甘油改性羧甲基淀粉/聚乙烯醇共混材料的结构与性能

为获得改性淀粉/聚乙烯醇(PVA)共混材料的结构与性能特征,以氯化镁/甘油为复配改性剂,采用溶液成膜方法制备了羧甲基淀粉(CMS)/PVA,研究了CMS/PVA复合膜的红外吸收特性、结晶性能、微观形貌、热性能、力学性能及生物降解性。研究结果表明,氯化镁和甘油可与CMS/PVA产生电子相互作用和氢键作用,阻碍CMS/PVA分子链的规整排列,提高羧甲基淀粉与PVA的相容性,降低CMS/PVA的结晶度和热稳定性。氯化镁/甘油复配改性剂对CMS/PVA的力学性能影响显著,可使CMS/PVA断裂伸长率和拉伸强度提高。氯化镁/甘油可促进CMS/PVA的降解,增加氯化镁/甘油复配改性剂中氯化镁的含量可提高复合膜的降解率。     

Preparation and characterization of carbon molecular sieves from chestnut shell by chemical vapor deposition

In this study, carbon molecular sieves (CMS) were produced from chestnut shell by chemical activation process followed by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) of methane. The influences of deposition temperature (800–900?°C), time (15–60?min) and flow rate of CH₄ (100–300?mL/min) on pore development of carbon molecular sieve were investigated. The produced CMSs were characterized by several techniques such as N₂ adsorption, CO₂ adsorption, CH₄ adsorption, elemental analysis, FTIR analysis and SEM analysis. The textural analysis of the CMS samples showed the successful deposition of methane on pores of the produced activated carbon derived from chestnut shell to yield a microporous CMS with a narrow pore size distribution. The deposition temperature, time and flow rate of CH₄ were shown to strongly affect the pore structure of the CMS. The maximum CO₂ adsorption capacity (525.7?mg/g) was obtained at a deposition temperature of 850?°C, time of 30?min, and CH₄ flow rate of 100?mL/min.     

Dry powder inhaler of colistimethate sodium for lung infections in cystic fibrosis: optimization of powder construction

Abstract

Colistimethate sodium (CMS) for treatment of lung infections in cystic fibrosis patient was transformed into a dry powder for inhalation by spray drying. Design of Experiment was applied for understanding the role of the spray-drying process parameters on the critical quality attributes of the CMS spray-dried (SD) powders and agglomerates thereof. Eleven experimental SD microparticle powders were constructed under different process conditions according to a central composite design. The SD microparticles were then agglomerated in soft pellets. Eleven physico-chemical characteristics of SD CMS microparticle powders or agglomerates thereof were selected as critical quality attributes. The yield of SD process was higher than 75%. The emitted fraction of agglomerates from RS01 inhaler was 75–84%, and the fine particle fraction (particles <5?µm) was between 58% and 62%. The quality attributes of CMS SD powders and respective agglomerates that were significantly influenced by spray-drying process parameters were residual solvent and drug content of the SD microparticles as well as bulk density and respirable dose of the agglomerates. These attributes were also affected by the combination of the process variables. The air aspiration rate was found as the most positively influential on drug and solvent content and respirable dose. The residual solvent content significantly influenced the powder bulk properties and aerodynamic behavior of the agglomerates, i.e. quality attributes that govern drug metering in the device and the particles lungs deposition. Agglomerates of CMS SD microparticles, in combination with RS01?DPI, showed satisfactory results in terms of dose emitted and fine particle fraction.     

Introducing new parts into existing cellular manufacturing systems based on a novel similarity coefficient

Over the last three decades, designing cellular manufacturing systems (CMS) still centres on assigning machines to machine cells and parts to part families. This task ends after assigning these part families to the appropriate machine cells. In the past, testing CMS was evaluated according to the efficiency of clustering, but actual testing of CMS after installation is still unexplored. Introducing one or more new parts (products) into CMS without any changes in the installation of the cells during processing of the current parts is a new concept to be considered and evaluated. Transferring these systems from traditional ideologues to advanced ideologues (agile systems) is highly desired. This concept can be considered as part (product) flexibility in CMS. To address this concept, a new similarity coefficient between the new part and the existing manufacturing cell will be created. New productivity and flexibility measurements in CMS will also be suggested. A new strategy for accepting a new part into CMS will be proposed based on machine utilization and flexibility in the cells, cell utilization and flexibility in the system, product flexibility (system flexibility), and similarity of this part with existing manufacturing cells. A complete analytical example will be presented.     

Design and Realization of the Control and Measurement System of the Wuhan Pulsed High Magnetic Field Facility

A user-friendly Control and Measurement System (CMS) is designed and realized at the Wuhan High Magnetic Field Center (WHMFC). Structure and functions of the CMS system are described in detail. Three kernel parts of CMS are discussed. The success of the comprehensive system test shows that the CMS is effective and reliable.     

聚醚酰亚胺中空纤维超滤膜的研究（I）膜结构、热性能和机械性能

以聚醚酰亚胺（PEI）为膜材料,聚乙烯吡咯烷酮（PVP）和聚乙二醇（PEG）等添加剂,N－甲基吡咯烷酮（NMP）和二甲基乙酰胺（PMAc)为溶剂,采用干／湿法纺丝技术制备出聚醚酰亚胺中空纤维膜,提高了PEI超滤膜的耐污梁性,通过改变纺丝液中不同的添加剂（如PEG或PVP）,PEI中空气纤维膜断面可从指状孔转变成海绵状,此外,讨论了聚醚酰亚胺中空纤维的膜结构,热性能和机械性能。     

锂离子电池中的高容量合金/碳复合电极研究

采用含有多碳链结构的金属有机化合物,利用固相反应,得到亚微米尺寸的SnSbx合金颗粒,高度均匀地沉积在中间相碳微球(CMS)球体表面.合成的SnSb_x/CMS复合材料做成扣式电池经电化学性能测试,电极可逆比容量超过430mAhg^-1,相对于空白CMS电极(可逆比容量310mAhg^-1)提高近40％,循环30次后容量维持在90％以上.结果表明:制备的复合电极不但具有较高的可逆比容量,而且能防止纯粹合金嵌脱锂过程产生的严重体积效应,从而提高电极循环性能.