碳酸酐酶在硅藻土上的固定化及其性质研究

以硅藻土为载体,通过共价结合法固定化碳酸酐酶.对制备固定化晦过程中的pH值、加酶量、反应温度、反应时间几个重要的影响因素进行了研究和优化,并对固定化酶和游离酶的酶学性质进行了比较.结果表明,固定化酶的最适反应温度为30℃,比游离酶高了5℃;最适反应pH值为6.0,比游离酶低了2个pH值单位.该固定化酶的热稳定性、酸碱稳定性和操作稳定性均高于游离酶.     

大孔/介孔多级孔SiO2的制备及其在固定化脂肪酶中的应用

以具有三维骨架结构的环氧树脂大孔聚合物为模板,制备具有毫米级尺寸的大孔/介孔多级孔SiO_2。应用SEM、MIP、FTIR和N_2吸附-脱附法对材料孔道结构和表面性质进行表征。采用吸附法固定褶皱假丝酵母脂肪酶(CRL),研究CRL初始浓度、pH值及固定化时间对脂肪酶固定化的影响,对比研究了游离脂肪酶和固定化脂肪酶的酶学性质。结果表明,大孔/介孔SiO_2具有三维连续贯通的大孔孔道,孔壁由连续的SiO_2纳米薄膜构筑而成且表面存在丰富的介孔,比表面积为75.1m~2/g,孔隙率为92.3%;在CRL浓度为0.6mg/mL、pH值为8.0、固定化时间为10h时,固定化酶酶活达到4 825U/g。与游离脂肪酶相比,固定化脂肪酶的pH稳定性、热稳定性和储存稳定性明显提高,连续使用8次后的酶活为初始酶活的68%。利用环氧树脂大孔聚合物模板制备的大孔/介孔多级孔SiO_2在固定化酶方面具有良好的应用前景。     

氧化硅介孔泡沫材料固定木瓜蛋白酶的研究

以氧化硅介孔泡沫材料(Siliceous Mesocellular Foam, MCF)为载体对木瓜蛋白酶进行了固定, 并对固定化酶的性能和影响因素以及酶的稳定性作了系统的研究. 结果表明, 木瓜蛋白酶在MCF上能获得较大的负载量（334mg/g MCF）. 固定化木瓜蛋白酶的最适反应温度较游离酶提高了10℃, 最适pH向碱性方向偏移0.5个单位. 固定化木瓜蛋白酶的米氏常数（Km）为6.99×10^-3mol/L, 在八批次操作后酶活保留65.1%. 在4℃条件下放置60d后, 固定化酶的剩余活性仍保持75%以上, 而游离酶的活性只有初始活性的53.6%. 与游离酶相比, 固定化木瓜蛋白酶的pH稳定性、热稳定性、操作稳定性和储藏稳定性都有明显改善, 有利于酶的重复使用和储藏. 介孔泡沫材料是一种良好的木瓜蛋白酶固定载体.     

AB-8大孔吸附树脂固定化过氧化氢酶的研究

利用AB-8大孔吸附树脂作为载体、戊二醛为交联剂时过氧化氢酶进行了固定化,研究了其最优固定化条件及稳定性.结果表明,最佳固定化条件为:吸附温度35℃,pH值7.0,吸附时间6h,加酶量每克载体970U,戊二醛体积分数0.2%,交联时间2h.固定化过氧化氢酶的最高酶活收率达到45.2%.固定化酶的热稳定性、酸碱稳定性都较游离酶有了一定的提高,重复使用10次,酶活仍能稳定保持在初始酶活的60%以上,具有良好的操作稳定性.     

木瓜蛋白酶在介孔泡沫材料上的固定及性能研究

以氧化硅介孔泡沫材料(Siliceous mesocellular foam,MCF)为载体对木瓜蛋白酶进行了固定,并对固定化后材料的表征、固定化酶的性能以及酶的稳定性进行了研究.结果表明,木瓜蛋白酶在MCF上能获得较大的固定量(334mg/g MCF)和较高的酶活,固定化酶活力为游离酶的95.3%.固定化酶和游离酶的米氏常数Km值分别为6.99×10-3mol/L和6.71×10-3mol/L,并且相对于游离酶固定化酶的热稳定性和储藏稳定性都有明显改善.MCF是一种良好的木瓜蛋白酶固定载体.     

P(GMA-co-HEMA)/SiO_2大孔复合材料的制备及其在固定化脂肪酶中的应用

以块体SiO2大孔材料为基质,甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯(GMA)和甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯(HEMA)为功能单体,通过原位聚合和溶剂蒸发制备P(GMA-co-HEMA)/SiO2大孔复合材料,用SEM、EDS、BET、FTIR和TGDTA对样品进行表征,并将其用于固定褶皱假丝酵母脂肪酶(CRL)。结果表明:SiO2大孔材料很强的毛细管作用使共聚物均匀地涂敷在其孔壁上,形成P(GMA-co-HEMA)/SiO2复合纳米薄膜。共聚物的负载量和亲疏水性可分别通过改变单体浓度和体积比进行调控,当单体体积浓度为10%、GMA和HEMA的体积比为9∶1时大孔复合材料固定化脂肪酶比酶活达到最高,为3 886.9U/g,与底物反应重复操作8批次后剩余酶活率为68.7%。     

金属配合纤维对漆酶固定化性能的研究

以静电纺制备的PAN纳米纤维为原料,经偕胺肟基改性后,制得偕胺肟基螯合纳米纤维(AO-PAN),再 利 用AOPAN纳 米 纤 维 上 的 偕 胺 肟 基 与Cu2+ 、Co2+形成配 位键,将Cu2+ 、Co2+固定在AO-PAN纳米纤维上,形成金属配合纳米纤维,最后利用金属配合纤维上的Cu2+ 、Co2+与漆酶形成配位反应,将漆酶固定化。通过红外光谱仪(IR)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和透射电子显微镜连接的X射线能谱仪(EDAX)对不同处理阶段的PAN纳米纤维进行了观察分析,并对固定化漆酶的热稳定性、酸碱稳定性、存储稳定性及重复使用性能进行了研究。结果表明,经过配位反应固定的漆酶最适温度为50℃,最适pH值为3,存储稳定性比自由态漆酶高出30%~45%,并且表现出具有一定的可重复使用性。     

多孔二醋酸超细纤维膜的固定化酶及染料降解性能

通过静电纺丝技术,调控溶剂种类和溶液浓度,制备了圆柱状无孔纤维、条带状多孔纤维和圆柱状多孔纤维。通过扫描电镜观察纤维形貌,通过物理吸附仪探究纤维比表面积。并将3种纤维膜进行固定化酶,探究其最适反应温度、最适反应pH、存储稳定性和重复使用稳定性。最终进行了染料降解性能测试。结果表明:多孔有利于提高纤维的比表面积。固定化酶和游离酶的最适反应温度为50℃,最适反应pH=3.5,固定化酶有利于提高酶的存储稳定性和重复使用稳定性。较游离酶和其他形貌纤维,圆柱状多孔纤维固定化酶后具有最好的染料降解性能。     

有机-无机杂化介孔材料包埋南极假丝酵母脂肪酶的研究

以四甲氧基硅烷(TMOS)和一定比例的甲基三甲氧基硅烷(MTMS)、二甲基二甲氧基硅烷(DMDMS)、三甲基甲氧基硅烷(TMMS)为硅源,采用酸催化的溶胶-凝胶法包埋南极假丝酵母脂肪酶。比较了有机-无机杂化介孔材料和纯硅基介孔材料固定化南极假丝酵母脂肪酶的酶活力和保留活力,同时还比较了有机-无机杂化介孔材料固定化南极假丝酵母脂肪酶和游离南极假丝酵母脂肪酶的pH、温度以及储存稳定性。结果表明,有机-无机杂化介孔材料固定化南极假丝酵母脂肪酶具有比纯硅基介孔材料固定化南极假丝酵母脂肪酶更高的酶活力和保留活力。其中三取代的有机-无机杂化介孔材料固定化南极假丝酵母脂肪酶的酶活力最高,其保留活力可达到84.9%。此外与游离的南极假丝酵母脂肪酶相比,有机-无机杂化介孔材料固定化南极假丝酵母脂肪酶具有更好的pH、温度和储存稳定性,以及更宽的pH值和温度的酶活力范围。     

固定化淀粉酶时间-温度指示剂性能的研究

目的研究淀粉酶型时间-温度指示剂(TTI)及酶经固定化后体系稳定性。方法以淀粉酶反应体系为基础,确定在时间为4~5 d内,温度为4℃的条件下指示剂最佳配比,再应用固定化酶技术,观察固定化酶的凝固性,测定其酶活性能以及应用于TTI中的吸光值随时间变化曲线。结果确定了淀粉酶型TTI体系配方,酶经固定后酶活有所下降,但吸光值变化更平稳。结论得到了应用于4℃时的时间-温度指示剂最佳酶固定化条件,以糊精(质量浓度为40 g/L)和碘(质量分数为0.1%)为底物,琼脂固定化酶液(质量分数为3%)为反应物,该条件下得到最适pH值为6.0,最适温度为55℃,此时指示剂稳定性最佳,体系颜色变化与时间最理想。     

Effect of Permeable Crystalline Material on Steel Reinforcement Corrosion of Concrete

Permeable crystalline materialcan permeate into pores and cracks of concrete and catalyze the reaction between Ca(OH) 2and unhydrated cement to generate a great quantity needle non-soluble crystals, which can stop up the pores and cracks of concrete, and increase the impermeability of concrete. This paper reported the results of a study conducted to evaluate steel reinforcement corrosion of concrete specimens uncoated and coated with permeable crystalline material as well as mixed with the permeable crystalline material. The properties evaluated for corrosion test were water impermeability, water absorption, compressive strength and potential. The results of water impermeability, water absorption, compressive strength clearly showed that the permeable crystalline material could prohibit water, any soluble salts and moisture from penetrating the concrete to cause corrosion, leaking, and other problems, and it did increase the compressive strength, which was favorable for protection of corrosion of reinforcing steel. Moreover, it was concluded from the potential-time curve that the steel reinforcement of uncoated specimen was in the state of activation whereas that of other specimens coated and mixed with the permeable crystalline material was in the state of inactivation. Above all, it was indicated that the permeable crystalline materialis very effective to protect the steel reinforcement of concrete from corrosion.     

The Research and Application About "Dry Peeling Off" Technology for Airplane Surface Paint Layer

In this paper, the principle of spurting take off lacquer were introduced; and with orthogonal method the unsaturate polyester was prepared ;it was easy to peel airplane paint layer off with this material and equipment.     

Quality Study of Honeycomb Core Shaping Without Wax Stabilization

Sandwich panels utilizing honeycomb cores result in lightweight, high-strength units that are very rigid. Indeed, they give honeycomb panels the best strength-to-weight ratio of any construction type available. Conventionally, the wax is poured into the cell of the core to strengthen the structure and prevent the core from being crushed during milling. Much time and labor is required to wax, mill, and clean the cores. In this study, the process of pouring wax into the core was skipped. In other words, the cutter directly milled the core. Experiments showed that the compressive strength of the core produced without wax stabilization was only 3% lower than that of cores produced using the traditional method. In addition, the drum peel strengths of cores produced without wax stabilization were 38.4% higher than cores produced using the traditional method, in which residual wax seriously polluted the adhesive. It was also found that eliminating the wax process can reduce costs.     

In-process thermal treatment of polylactic acid in fused deposition modelling

Polylactic acid (PLA) is one of the most widely used open source fused filament fabrication materials due to its ease of extrusion, biodegradability, and mechanical strength. The mechanical strength of PLA largely depends on the proper growth of its semi-crystalline structure, which can be severely impaired by a low rate of crystallization, particularly in open source printers. This can be further aggravated by the non-uniform thermal distribution of heat that causes improper curing among the extruded beads of the printing material. As a result, PLA printed on open source printers does not achieve the best mechanical properties. This research, for the first time, proposes an additive-free solution implemented through a detailed set of experimentation to improve the curing rate through in-process temperature variations to cure the joints among the beads. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy is used to confirm the improvements in the bead joints. This work is conducted in two phases of experiments. In the first phase, a full factorial ANOVA is used to investigate various process parameters and the important variables are used in the second phase to print test specimens in four different sets.     

Investigation of the Corrosion Behaviors of HVOF-Sprayed Carbide Cernet Coatings in Molten Al-Zn-Si Alloy Bath

In continuous hot-dip galvanization process the corrosion and chemical stability of the sink roll in the galvanizing bath are important problem which effects on the quality and productivity. In order to protect the sink roll the carbide cermet and/or ceramic coatings were deposited on the surface of the sink roll. The WC-, Cr3 C2-cermet coatings were deposited by high velocity oxygen fuel (HVOF) spray, respectively. The coating samples were immersed in molten Zn-alloy containing 50 wt % aluminum at 833 K for 24 hr and 144 hr, respectively. The inter-diffusion and inter-reaction of Zn, Al and elements in coating and corrosion behaviors of these coatings were investigated by XRD, SEM and EPMA etc. The corrosion mechanisms of the carbide cermet coatings and ceramic coatings in molten High Al-Zn-alloy were approached.     

Fundamental study of adhesion of ice to cooling solid surface (Discussion on influence of copper oxide layer on ice adhesion force)

In many situations, ice often adheres to a cooling solid surface, frequently causing serious accidents. It is critical to clarify the mechanism of ice adhesion to the cooling surface in order to prevent ice adhesion. In a past study, the shearing stresses of two kinds of test plates with a copper surface having the higher thermal conductivity were measured. The shearing stress corresponds to ice adhesion force. Both shearing stresses were significantly different; however, the cause remains unclear.Therefore, the present study focuses on an oxide layer as the main factor causing the difference of both shearing stresses; the influence of the oxide layer formed on shearing stress was discussed. And in the removal and reformation processes of the oxide layer, the time variation of the shearing stress was clarified. Moreover, the relationship between the state of the copper surface and the shearing stress was also clarified by surface analysis.     

重塑标准推行格局 推动LED照明的普及（英文）

正When you are enjoying the green,energy-saving and healthy lighting of IKEA LED luminaire,you may not realize that most of IKEA’s LED bulbs are produced by the LED luminaire smart manufacturing system of Hangzhou Zhongwei Photoelectricity CO.,LTD(ZVISION).No longer enclosed in the laboratory,the product standards are brought into the factory workshop and even to the entire production process.Thus,the standards are promoted and applied in a favorable way by enterprises,benefitting consumers with high quality products.     

Chinese Experts Contribute to ISO＇s New Toy Standards

正The international standard,ISO 8124-6,Safety of toys–Part 6:Certain phthalate esters in toys and children’s products,was officially issued by ISO worldwide on August 15.It was the first time for Chinese experts to lead the ISO standard development in toys industry.The standard was drafted by a group of Chinese experts from SAC/TC for toys and relevant Chinese departments and finally completed by a dedicated international group of experts.ISO 8124-6 makes a substantive breakthrough in the aspects of the scope of toys,limitation of plasticizer types,control of test cost,accuracy of test,operation convenience,etc.,offering the operational guidance for toy manufactures and testing laboratories.     

中国质量(北京)大会(英文)

正Themed on"quality,innovation,development",the first China Quality Conference(Beijing)was held in the Great Hall of the People on September 15.Chinese Premier Li Keqiang delivered an important speech at the conference.State Councilor Yang Jing and Wang Yong attended the conference with over 600 domestic and international representatives from foreign,regional and international quality organizations     

National Working Meeting on Land and Resources Standardization

正The National Working Meeting on Land and Resources Standardization was held in Beijing on July 15,2014.Wang Min,the Deputy-Minister of the Ministry of Land and Resources,and Yin Minghan,the Chief-Engineer of SAC addressed the meeting.Representatives from relevant competent departments and technical committees were present.The meeting aims to summarize work,discuss existing problems and make clear working thoughts,promoting standardization work of land and resources to a new level.Wang Min pointed out that the standardization work of land and resources should be centered on the basic principles of"protecting land and resources dutifully,intensively and economically utilizing land and resources,and making all-out efforts to safeguard the public’s rights and interests",highlighted the