负载二甲酸钾缓释抗菌微球的构建

为避免二甲酸钾(KDF)在酸性环境下分解过快, 调节仔猪肠胃道酸碱性和菌落平衡, 实现KDF靶向释放抗菌, 本研究以可生物降解的壳聚糖(CS)、羧甲基纤维素(CMC)和无机刚性材料P型沸石分子筛(Zeolite P)为载体, 负载抗菌药物二甲酸钾制备控释水凝胶微球。发现CS中-NH₂与CMC中-COOH离子作用, 可形成结构稳定的聚电解质复合物。溶胀率的差异性表明CS/CMC/Zeolite P水凝胶微球对pH高度敏感。加入Zeolite P使水凝胶微球在pH1.2保持原有形貌且不被降解破裂。CS/CMC/Zeolite P/KDF抗菌微球的包封率为47.75%, 载药率为23.88%, 可有效缓释KDF, 在pH7.4磷酸盐缓冲溶液中的缓释性比pH1.2更优。CS/CMC/Zeolite P/KDF抗菌微球浓度为96 mg/mL时对大肠杆菌最大抑菌率为83%, 有效提高了KDF利用率。     

聚氨酯/淀粉复合微球的制备及药物释放性能研究

采用预聚-扩链-中和-分散法合成聚氨酯(PU)水溶液,将PU与淀粉(ST)溶液按照不同质量比进行复合,采用凝聚相分离法制备PU/ST复合微球;用傅立叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对微球进行表征,并以盐酸四环素为模型药物制备载药复合微球,初步研究了载药PU/ST复合微球的药物释放性能.结果表明,微球...     

核-壳结构复相生物活性陶瓷微球优化制备及其抗菌性能评价

通过自主设计的同轴核-壳结构双层喷头及微流控系统,成功制备出一系列核-壳结构型多孔性生物活性硅酸钙基陶瓷微球,并通过对其核心层铜掺杂量的调控和外壳层微孔结构的剪裁,实现了该类微球核心层抗菌活性离子的可控缓释.采用X射线衍射分析明确了烧结后的陶瓷微球样品的物相组成和晶相结构.通过扫描电子显微镜观察发现使用该系统制备出的微球烧结后仍具有良好的球形形态及明确的核-壳结构,并且特定组分内部微孔结构符合设计要求.一系列模拟体内环境的微球浸泡实验系统研究了该类材料的体外离子释放行为和生物降解速率,研究结果显示该类陶瓷微球经特定层造孔后有快速的抗菌离子释放,并且释放速率可调可控.最后通过与金葡菌的体外共培养抑菌实验及细菌黏附实验等对微球的抗菌性能进行了研究,结果显示Cu10@Mg6-15μm组具有最佳的抑菌效果;优化壳层的多孔结构比单纯提高核层铜离子掺杂率更有利于活性离子释放.此次构建的壳层微孔优化型核-壳结构陶瓷微球,能够帮助解决抗感染离子可控缓释问题并带来长期抑菌的效果,为慢性骨髓炎等临床问题提供了潜在的治疗新材料.     

新型无机抗菌材料:载铜蒙脱石及其抗菌机理讨论

以内蒙赤峰蒙脱石为原料合成了载铜蒙脱石,它对革兰氏阴性菌E.coli和革兰氏阳性菌S.faecalis均有很强的抑止和杀灭作用,其抗菌能力大大优于载铜沸石,蒙脱石在载铜反应后矿物表面带有剩余正电荷,它的抗菌能力来自两方面因素,一方面是矿物对带相反电荷的细菌的吸附作用,另一方面是矿物释放出的铜离子对细茵的杀灭作用,这是载铜蒙脱石抗菌能力优于载铜沸石的本质原因。     

复合沸石抗菌材料及其抗菌性能的研究

本文利用离子交换法将沸石与具有抗菌性能的锌铜离子合成双组分抗菌沸石,研究了反应时间、温度、交换的金属溶液的浓度和沸石与金属离子溶液的固液比对抗菌剂载金属含量及抗菌性能的影响,同时也比较了单金属组分沸石与双金属沸石抗菌性能的差异。实验表明,制备锌铜双组分抗菌沸石的最佳工艺条件为：反应时间2h,温度90℃,沸石质量与金属离子溶液体积比1：10,锌铜含量相差最少则锌铜离子浓度比为1：1。     

胶原蛋白/壳聚糖/纳米SiO_2复合微球的制备与载药性能研究

采用乳化交联法制备胶原蛋白/壳聚糖/纳米SiO_2复合微球。以司班80和液体石蜡为油相,混合溶液为水相,引入硬脂酸镁(MS)作助乳化剂,以SEM、FT-IR、UV、激光粒度仪为表征手段研究了油水体积比、搅拌速率、交联剂与混合溶液体积比和纳米SiO_2对复合微球的成球性及其载药释药性能的影响。结果表明,MS的助乳化效果较好,在纳米SiO_2和混合溶液质量比为2%(wt,质量分数)时,盐酸小檗碱载药微球的载药率为15.66%,包封率为66.52%,维生素D载药微球的载药率为3.08%,包封率为48.54%。结论:制备了粒度分布集中的药物缓释微球,纳米SiO_2使微球具有更好的缓释性能,且在pH较低时不易分解,减少粘附。     

改性壳聚糖微球合成及对Cu~(2+)吸附性能的研究

壳聚糖由于其结构特性和表面化学性能,对过渡金属离子有很强的亲和力和良好的选择性。利用二乙胺、三乙胺、聚乙烯亚胺(PEI)对壳聚糖微球进行改性,增加壳聚糖微球的活性中心以强化对二价铜离子(Cu~(2+))的吸附能力。实验结果表明:在Cu~(2+)溶液pH为5,吸附时间为15min,温度为35℃时,制得的改性壳聚糖微球对Cu~(2+)的吸附量达到2.88mmol/g。     

注射型壳聚糖温敏相变复合材料的制备及性能研究

制备了一种注射型壳聚糖(CS)温敏相变复合材料,首先采用乳化-化学交联法,以戊二醛为交联剂,制备包载甲氨蝶呤(MTX)的壳聚糖微球,然后采用离子交联法,向CS溶液中滴加50%甘油磷酸钠溶液,制备CS温敏水凝胶。将CS载药微球分散于水凝胶中,制得温敏相变复合材料。结果表明,所制得的微球载药量为12.98%,包封率为32.66%,且粒径均一,分散性良好,具有良好的通针性;水凝胶在37℃下1min内可发生相变,由溶胶转变为凝胶,具有良好的温度敏感性;制备的温敏相变复合材料具有良好的原位注射性,且4h内药物释放率为35.65%,缓释效果明显。     

柠檬酸钠改性的活性炭对铜离子的吸附性能

将活性炭(AC)浸渍于5%～15%的柠檬酸钠溶液中,制得柠檬酸钠-活性炭(Nx-AC,x%为柠檬酸钠溶液质量浓度)。利用N2吸附法、傅里叶转换红外光谱法和Boehm滴定法表征了Nx-AC的孔结构和表面化学性质,并采用静态吸附法,考察了Nx-AC及吸附饱和再生后的Nx-AC对铜离子的吸附性能。结果表明,表面总酸度对Nx-AC的吸附性能有显著的影响。随着柠檬酸钠浸渍液浓度的增加,Nx-AC对铜离子的吸附容量逐渐增大,其中,吸附剂N15-AC对铜离子的吸附容量可达AC对铜离子的吸附容量的2.76倍。一次再生和二次再生后的N15-AC对铜离子的吸附容量分别可达新鲜N15-AC的98.2%和95.9%。     

纳米银抗菌防雾霾口罩的设计与性能测试研究

以棉布、麻布、聚丙烯(PP)熔喷非织造布、活性炭布及针刺静电棉为研究对象,通过透气性能测试和颗粒物过滤性能测试评价不同材料的空气过滤性能,并筛选出具有较好过滤性能的防雾霾口罩滤片;在此基础上,以紫外还原银离子(Ag+)的方法在活性炭布表面负载纳米银(Ag)以实现其抗菌功能。并研究了还原时间、硝酸银(AgNO3)溶液用量对载银效果的影响以及载银的牢度。研究结果表明:在AgNO3溶液用量为5%(wt,质量分数)条件下载银效果最佳,以PP熔喷非织造布、针刺静电棉和活性炭布组合制成的滤片具有较好的过滤作用,对PM2.5平均过滤效率达到93.95%。     

乙酰化壳聚糖微球作为潜在动脉栓塞剂的研究

利用优化后的乳化交联法制备的壳聚糖微球(CMs)及其乙酰化微球(ACMs)表面光滑、球形完整、粒径均匀。微球溶胀率试验、体外降解试验和细胞毒性试验显示,ACMs多种特性较CM更优。采用ACMs对兔耳栓塞15d后,栓塞部位小动脉萎缩消失,周围组织坏死,部分发生脱落,与坏死组织交界的边缘表皮萎缩增厚。结果表明,ACMs可以作为潜在的动脉栓塞剂。     

Effects of Powder Activated Carbon Particle Size on Activated Carbon Monolith's Properties

Methyl cellulose as organic binder and bentonite as clay binder were simultaneously used to prepare activated carbon monolith (ACM) using powder activated carbon (PAC) and by means of extrusion process. To study the effects of PAC particle size on porosity, adsorption, and mechanical properties of the ACMs, four broad types of PAC including powder with particle size less than 150, 90, 50 µm, and powder without screening were prepared and used. Actually, it was tried to improve the adsorption capacity, surface area, and mechanical strength (both compression and impact strength) of the ACMs by screening the PAC microparticles to certain particle sizes. The results showed that arranging and decreasing the PAC particle size significantly improved the above-mentioned properties.     

Preparation and application of novel magnetically separable γ-Fe2O3/activated carbon sphere adsorbent

Magnetic γ-Fe₂O₃/activated carbon microspheres have been synthesized by an activation process of carbon microspheres containing iron oxides, which were prepared by hydrothermal method. The structure and morphology of the magnetic porous carbon microspheres were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), thermogravimetry and differential thermal analysis (TG-DTA) and N₂ adsorption-desorption technique. The results showed that the as-prepared activated carbon spheres were the composite of single-phase γ-Fe₂O₃ and activated carbon material, and the content of carbon was about 3.87%. Using methyl orange as model pollutant, the magnetic porous carbon microspheres showed good adsorption capacities of 44.65 mg/g. The isotherm evaluations revealed that the Langmuir model attained better fits to the experimental equilibrium data than the Freundlich model. These magnetic porous carbon microspheres could potentially be applied in separation processes.     

活性炭硝酸表面改性对催化剂分散度的影响

无论是活性炭作为催化剂载体还是在活性炭本身的催化制备过程中,催化剂在活性炭或活性炭前体上的高度分散都是至关重要的。通过X射线能谱(EDX)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)技术直接观察、研究了活性炭表面经硝酸氧化改性对硝酸铜在煤基活性炭中分散度的影响。此外,将经硝酸表面改性的商品活性炭采用浸渍法负载上硝酸铜催化剂,再经水蒸气二次活化制备了一种新的活性炭。结果表明,硝酸处理造成活性炭吸附性能的下降,并且硝酸处理的强度越高,活性炭吸附性能的下降程度越大。然而,对硝酸处理的活性炭经简单的水洗可恢复其吸附性能。研究结果还表明,活性炭经硝酸氧化提高了炭表面含氧官能团的数量,使催化剂在活性炭的内外表面均能均匀分布,提高了催化剂的分散度和抗烧结能力。活性炭经硝酸改性后再负载硝酸铜进行二次活化制备高性能活性炭,可使硝酸铜的催化性能得到进一步的提升。     

新型磁性海藻酸钠复合微球的制备与表征

以碳包铁(Fe@C)纳米粉作为磁性内核,用海藻酸钠作表层高分子,以正庚烷为油相,AOT为表面活性剂,氯化钙、环氧氯丙烷作交联剂,通过反相微乳法制备出了碳包铁/海藻酸钠核壳微球,系统考察了海藻酸钠的浓度、交联剂用量等对所制复合纳米微球性质的影响,并对产物进行了初步的性能表征.结果表明,选择合适的海藻酸钠的浓度、交联剂用量和其它相关参数,可以制备出外观为球形、分散性好、平均粒径约为250nm、具有强磁响应性的复合微球.     

Production of granular activated carbon from waste walnut shell and its adsorption characteristics for Cu(2+) ion

Production of granular activated carbon by chemical activation has been attempted employing walnut shells as the raw material. The thermal characteristics of walnut shell were investigated by TG/DTA and the adsorption capacity of the produced activated carbon was evaluated using the titration method. As the activation temperature increased, the iodine value increased. However, a temperature higher than 400 degrees C resulted in a thermal degradation, which was substantiated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis, and the adsorption capacity decreased. Activation longer than 1h at 375 degrees C resulted in the destruction of the microporous structure of activated carbon. The iodine value increased with the increase in the concentration of ZnCl2 solution. However, excessive ZnCl2 in the solution decreased the iodine value. The extent of activation by ZnCl2 was compared with that by CaCl2 activation. Enhanced activation was achieved when walnut shell was activated by ZnCl2. Applicability of the activated carbon as adsorbent was examined for synthetic copper wastewater. Adsorption of copper ion followed the Freundlich model. Thermodynamic aspects of adsorption have been discussed based on experimental results. The adsorption capacity of the produced activated carbon met the conditions for commercialization and was found to be superior to that made from coconut shell.     

Effect of moisture on H(2)S adsorption by copper impregnated activated carbon

The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of moisture on adsorption efficiency of hydrogen sulfide (H(2)S) by impregnated activated carbon (IAC). Copper(II) nitrate was used as an impregnant. Two humidification conditions of IAC, pre-moistened and gas stream containing moisture, were studied. The experimental results revealed that the copper species onto the IAC was suggested to be Cu(OH)(2) that deposited on activated carbon during the impregnation process. The adsorption mechanism of H(2)S by copper impregnated IAC was proposed, involving physic-sorption and chemical reactions. Moreover, the H(2)S breakthrough capacity decreased with increasing the relative humidity of gas stream. The causes were attributed to three points as follow: the competition adsorption occurred between moisture and H(2)S; the copper(II) species reduced to copper(I) species leading to IAC deactivation; and the rate of chemical reaction restrained by moisture.     

氯化铜/活性炭复合电极的制备及性能的研究

以酚醛树脂为活性炭基体,采用化学掺杂法掺杂氯化铜,制备氯化铜／活性炭复合电极材料。通过物理吸附考察了金属氯化铜的存在下不同活化时间对金属复合活性炭孔径分布的影响,实验表明活化时间越长,比表面积越大,中孔含量越高。通过透射电镜和X射线衍射对复合电极的微观结构进行了研究,表明金属铜以纳米级均匀分散在活性炭中。通过比较活性炭电极和复合电极的电化学性能,说明掺杂金属铜可以有效提高比电容,并对充放电机理进行了探讨。     

Three modified activated carbons by different ligands for the solid phase extraction of copper and lead

In the presented work, 5,5-diphenylimidazolidine-2,4-dione (phenytoin) (DFTD), 5,5-diphenylimidazolidine-2-thione-,4-one (thiophenytoin) (DFID) and 2-(4'-methoxy-benzylidenimine) thiophenole (MBIP) modified activated carbons have been used for the solid phase extraction of copper and lead ions prior to their flame atomic absorption spectrometric determinations. The influences of the various analytical parameters including pH, amounts of reagent, sample volume and eluent type, etc. on the recovery efficiencies of copper and lead ions were investigated. The influences of alkaline, earth alkaline and some transition metals on the adsorption of the analytes were also examined. The detection limits by three sigma for analyte ions were 0.65 and 0.42 microg L(-1) using activated carbon modified with DFID; 0.52 and 0.37 microg L(-1) using activated carbon modified with DFTD and 0.46 and 0.31 microg L(-1) using activated carbon modified with MBIP for Pb(II) and Cu(II), respectively. The procedure was applied to the determination of analytes in natural waters, soil, and blood samples with satisfactory results (recoveries greater than 95%, R.S.D.'s lower than 4%).     

Preparation and photocatalytic property of porous CuO hollow microspheres via carbon sphere templates

Porous copper oxide (CuO) hollow microspheres have been successfully fabricated by using carbon spheres as templates. The products were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffractometry (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The influences of different experimental parameters on the morphology of CuO structures have been investigated in detail and the possible formation mechanism of porous CuO hollow microspheres has also been proposed. The specific surface area of the hollow spheres with 74.805 m2/g is measured by BET method. Barrett-Joyner-Halenda (BJH) calculations for the pore size distribution, derived from desorption data, reveal that the average pore radius is 8.56 nm, and the total pore volume (r = 1686.1 A, P/P0 = 0.994296) is 0.107257 cc/g. UV-vis absorption spectrum shows quantum size effect of porous CuO hollow microspheres. Furthermore, the porous CuO hollow microspheres exhibit high efficiency for photodegradation of a sample organic dye, Rhodamine B (RhB), under UV light.