Plasticity modeling of FRP-confined circular reinforced concrete columns subjected to eccentric axial loading

This paper presents a numerical study on FRP-wrap strengthened reinforced concrete columns subjected to eccentric axial loads using ABAQUS®. For modeling of concrete dilation under non-uniform confinement pressure, a smooth cap plasticity model was combined with concrete damaged plasticity model. This model includes different concrete compaction–dilation behaviors which is pressure-dependent. Proposed model has been calibrated and verified for concrete in number of unconfined and full-wrapped columns under combination of axial force and bending moment. Presented numerical predictions are shown to be in close agreement with existing experimental results. The effect of laminate stacking sequences and column slenderness on strength and ductility of members was examined thoroughly. The results of this study recommend taking fiber angles between zero (circumferential) and 30° can improve ultimate strength and ductility of confined short concrete columns. However, for slender concrete columns the optimum fiber orientation can be set between 15° and 30°.     

Stress-strain behavior of concrete columns confined with hybrid composite materials

A new type of concrete columns was developed at the University of Alabama in Huntsville for new construction to achieve more durable and economical structures. The columns are made of concrete cores encased in a PVC tube reinforced with fiber reinforced polymer (FRP). The PVC tubes are externally reinforced with continuous impregnated fibers in the form of hoops at different spacings. The PVC acts as formwork and a protective jacket, while the FRP hoops provide confinement to the concrete so that the ultimate compressive strength and ductility of concrete columns can be significantly increased. The volume of fibers used in this hybrid column system is very modest compared to other existing confinement methods such as FRP tubes and FRP jackets. This paper discusses the stress-strain behavior of these new composite concrete cylinders under axial compression loading. Test variables include the type of fiber, volume of fiber, and the spacing between the FRP hoops. A theoretical analysis was performed to predict the ultimate strength, failure strain and the entire stress-strain curve of concrete confined with PVC-FRP tubes. Test results show that the external confinement of concrete columns by PVC-FRP tubes results in enhancing compressive strength, ductility and energy absorption capacity. A comparison between experimental and analytical results indicates that the models provide satisfactory predictions of ultimate compressive strength, failure strain and stress-strain response.     

Cyclic modeling of FRP-confined concrete with improved ductility

Confinement by fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) wraps can significantly enhance strength and ductility of concrete columns. Behavior of FRP-confined concrete in uniaxial compression can be characterized by its bilinear stress–strain and unique dilation properties. A number of models have in recent years been developed to capture these characteristics under monotonic loading. None, however, have addressed the cyclic response of FRP-confined concrete. A total of 24 FRP-confined concrete stub specimens were tested in uniaxial compression under different levels of loading and unloading, with different fiber type, wrap thickness, and loading patterns. Based on a regression analysis of test results, a constitutive model is developed that includes cyclic rules for loading and unloading, plastic strains, and stiffness and strength degradations. The proposed model is validated by comparing analytical predictions with experimental results of an independent test series. Good agreement was shown between the analysis and experiments, confirming the ability of the model to predict the cyclic behavior of FRP-confined concrete. The model could be easily implemented in a fiber element model for flexural analysis of cyclic loaded beam-columns in conjunction with a strain gradient approach.     

CFRP加固钢筋混凝土方柱抗震性能尺寸效应的细观分析

为研究CFRP加固钢筋混凝土方柱在地震作用下的破坏模式,该文考虑混凝土材料的非均质性、钢筋-混凝土间的粘结滑移作用,建立了CFRP加固钢筋混凝土方柱三维细观数值模型。在验证数值模型与试验结果吻合良好的基础上,扩展工况探讨了轴压比、CFRP体积配置率对CFRP加固钢筋混凝土方柱抗震性能及名义抗剪强度尺寸效应的影响。结果表明:一定轴压比范围内柱的承载力随轴压比增大而提高,但其延性会降低;该文工况中,CFRP加固钢筋混凝土柱的名义抗剪强度随试件尺寸增大呈降低趋势,存在着明显尺寸效应行为;在经典材料层次尺寸效应律基础上,提出了CFRP加固混凝土方柱名义抗剪强度尺寸效应理论公式(适用范围轴压比小于0.4),模拟结果证实了公式的合理性。     

Performance of externally FRP reinforced columns for changes in angle and thickness of the wrap and concrete strength

In this study, the performance of axially loaded, small-scale, and fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) wrapped concrete columns with various wrap angle configurations, wrap thicknesses, and concrete strengths was investigated through nonlinear finite element analysis. Three different wrap thicknesses, wrap ply angle configurations of 0°, ±15°, and 0°/±15°/0° with respect to the circumferential direction, and concrete strength values ranging from 3 ksi to 6 ksi were considered. An existing experimental study on FRP-confined circular columns in the literature was utilized to validate numerical analysis models. The finite element analysis results showed substantial increase in the axial compressive strength and ductility of the FRP-confined concrete cylinders as compared to the unconfined cylinders. The increase in wrap thickness also resulted in enhancement of axial strength and ductility of the concrete columns. The gain in axial compressive strength in FRP-wrapped concrete columns was observed to be higher for lower strength concrete and the highest in the columns wrapped with the 0° ply angle configuration.     

圆铝合金管混凝土短柱轴心受压承载力研究

开展了6根圆铝合金管混凝土(简称“CFACT”)短柱的轴心受压承载力试验,套箍系数为0.57~1.26。分析了试件的破坏形态、轴压荷载-轴向应变曲线、截面横向变形系数、峰值荷载和延性。试验结果表明:CFACT轴压短柱发生鼓曲破坏或斜向剪切破坏;其表现出良好的组合效应,具有较高的承载能力与延性。利用ABAQUS有限元软件,结合该文建议的圆铝管约束混凝土的等效受压应力-应变关系和混凝土塑性损伤模型,建立了轴心受压荷载下CFACT短柱的非线性有限元分析模型,并对该模型进行了试验验证。为合理地对CFACT短柱进行设计,讨论和定义了其轴心受压承载力。采用前述有限元模型计算了不同的套箍系数、径厚比、含铝率及材料强度的27根CFACT短柱的轴压承载力。利用试验与有限元分析得到的33根短柱的轴压承载力计算出各柱的截面组合抗压强度。通过分析发现,截面组合抗压强度与混凝土轴心抗压强度之比与套箍系数存在线性关系,进而通过回归分析建立了其组合抗压强度的计算公式。     

CFRP筋-高强钢筋/高强混凝土柱的抗震性能

为了研究高强钢筋和碳纤维增强树脂复合材料(CFRP)混合配筋/高强混凝土柱的抗震性能,对CFRP筋-高强钢筋混合配筋的高强混凝土柱进行了低周反复荷载试验和有限元分析,研究了CFRP筋的粘结条件、不同轴压比以及高强混凝土种类等参数对其抗震性能的影响。结果表明:所有的高强混合配筋高强混凝土柱均发生延性破坏;在相同条件下,高强混合配筋混凝土中分别添加了钢纤维活性粉末和钢纤维后,表现出更好的耗能能力和延性;有粘结CFRP筋混合配筋高强混凝土柱比无粘结CFRP筋混合配筋柱的变形能力和承载力分别提高了9.6%和17.1%,但是延性系数降低了22.5%;在延性破坏的条件下,随着轴压比的增加,CFRP筋-高强钢筋混合配筋柱的屈服强度和极限强度明显增大,极限位移和耗能能力也逐渐减小;高强钢筋和CFRP筋配筋率越高,高强混合配筋柱的极限承载力和变形能力越大。      

低周反复荷载下钢纤维高强混凝土柱延性试验研究

通过26根钢纤维高强混凝土柱在低周反复荷载作用下的压弯性能试验,研究了轴压比、钢纤维含量特征值、箍筋含量特征值、剪跨比和纵向配筋等因素对钢纤维高强混凝土柱延性性能的影响规律,结果表明:钢纤维对改善高强混凝土柱的脆性破坏性质并提高其延性具有明显效果,但钢纤维和箍筋对高强混凝土柱的延性提高作用机理不同,不能采用钢纤维等量(体积率相同)取代箍筋的方法使高强混凝土柱获得等同的延性性能。提出了钢纤维高强混凝土柱的位移延性系数计算公式,可供工程设计应用参考。     

高延性混凝土加固砖柱轴压性能试验研究

高延性混凝土（HDC）是一种具有高强度、高韧性和高耐损伤能力的新型结构材料。该文提出采用HDC面层加固砖柱,对27个砖柱试件进行了轴压性能试验研究。结果表明:1）HDC作为砌筑砂浆,可对砌体形成一定的约束作用,使砖柱的轴压承载力和变形能力均有所提高;2）HDC面层发挥了较强的套箍作用,使砖柱处于三向受压状态,承载力和变形能力均得到较大幅度提高,且改善了砖柱的脆性破坏特征;3）HDC面层与砖柱具有良好的协调工作能力,对提高砖柱的整体性能具有重要作用。考虑HDC面层对砖柱的约束作用,提出了HDC面层加固砖柱的轴压承载力计算方法,计算结果与试验结果吻合较好。该文研究结果为砌体结构加固提供了一种新方法,具有良好的推广应用前景。     

玻璃纤维增强聚合物复合材料约束壁式钢管混凝土短柱轴压性能试验

为研究玻璃纤维增强聚合物复合材料(GFRP)约束壁式钢管混凝土矩形短柱的轴压力学性能,对1组无GFRP约束试件和2组GFRP约束试件进行静力轴压试验;根据试验结果提出壁式柱的强弱约束模型,并基于双剪统一强度理论建立GFRP约束壁式钢管混凝土柱的轴压承载力计算公式;最后建立有限元模型,将计算结果与试验对比,并进行参数化分析,研究钢材屈服强度和混凝土强度对新型壁式钢管混凝土柱轴压性能的影响。结果表明:壁式钢管混凝土柱最终因柱中混凝土压碎、钢管屈曲、试件变形过大而失效;钢材在试件第二线性段起点处开始屈服,钢材强度得到充分发挥,GFRP能有效提高构件峰值承载力,但延性有所下降;理论公式计算结果与试验值吻合较好;混凝土强度及钢材屈服强度均能有效提高承载能力,且钢材屈服强度对承载力的影响明显大于混凝土强度的影响。      

纤维网格高延性混凝土加固RC柱抗剪性能试验研究

箍筋配置不当、剪跨比较小和轴压比较大的钢筋混凝土(RC)框架柱在地震作用下通常发生脆性剪切破坏。为提高框架柱的抗剪性能,提出采用碳纤维(CFRP)网格和高延性混凝土(HDC)复合加固RC柱。设计了6个RC柱试件,通过低周反复荷载试验,研究加固方式、纤维网格层数和轴压比对加固柱破坏形态、受剪承载力、延性及耗能能力的影响。结果表明:采用HDC和CFRP网格复合加固,可显著提高柱的抗剪承载力,明显改善其延性、变形性能和耗能能力;提高加固层的网格层数,对抗剪承载力影响较小,但加固柱的延性和变形能力得到较大改善;轴压比增大,复合柱的抗剪承载力稍有提高,但试件的延性、变形能力和耗能能力均降低;增加网格层数对高轴压比加固柱的增强效果和对低轴压比柱基本一致。最后基于桁架-拱模型,提出加固柱的抗剪承载力计算公式,计算结果与试验值吻合较好。     

Concrete columns confined by fiber composite wraps under combined axial and cyclic lateral loads

This paper presents nonlinear finite element analysis of fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) jacketed reinforced concrete columns under combined axial and cyclic lateral loadings. Large-scale control and FRP-wrapped reinforced concrete columns (762 mm in diameter and 4978 mm in height) were modeled using the nonlinear finite element analysis software MARC™. The models were capable of allowing for the degradation of the stiffness under cyclic loading. The finite element analysis results indicated that reinforced concrete columns externally wrapped with the FRP fabric in the potential plastic hinge location at the bottom of the column showed significant improvement in both strength and ductility capacities, and the FRP jacket could be used to delay the degradation of the stiffness of reinforced concrete columns.     

圆角半径对碳纤维增强聚合物复合材料布约束型钢混凝土矩形短柱轴压性能的影响

为研究圆角半径对碳纤维增强聚合物 （Carbon fiber reinforced polymer,CFRP）复合材料约束型钢混凝土矩形短柱轴压性能的影响,对1个对比构件和5个不同圆角半径的约束构件进行静力轴压试验。试验结果表明:随圆角半径增大,柱外围的CFRP复合材料布环向应变更高且分布趋于均匀;约束柱的峰值荷载和延性也随之增大,荷载-变形曲线在峰值荷载后由平缓的下降段逐渐向上升段转化。通过建立三维有限元模型进行数值分析,可见随圆角半径增大,构件横截面上混凝土有效约束区面积增大,混凝土压应力分布趋于均匀;型钢包围的核心区混凝土应力则显著增大。随后对截面的混凝土约束区域进行了划分,设定型钢包围部分为高强约束区,最后基于叠加法建立了约束组合短柱的轴压承载力计算公式。计算显示增大圆角半径降低了组合柱的横截面积,但却显著提高了约束后柱的轴压承载力。      

单轴对称十字型钢混凝土短柱轴压性能试验研究

为研究单轴对称十字型钢混凝土柱轴压性能,对9根短柱进行轴压试验,试验参数为十字型钢偏心率、混凝土强度、含钢率和配箍率。试验得到试件破坏形态、荷载-变形曲线、应变变化规律,分析了组合柱受力机理及各参数对其轴压性能的影响,基于Mander本构模型,通过划分不同的混凝土约束区,提出该组合柱轴压承载力计算方法。结果表明:试件破坏集中在纵向H型钢偏心方向远侧;型钢、纵筋、箍筋及混凝土协同工作,各种材料强度充分利用;试件轴压承载力和延性随十字型钢偏心率和箍筋间距增大而降低;混凝土强度和含钢率提高,试件轴压承载力提高,但试件延性随混凝土强度提高而显著降低;采用中国JGJ138-2016、欧洲EC4和美国ACI318-14计算的试件轴压承载力均偏低,该文提出的轴压承载力计算方法计算值与试验值吻合良好。     

纤维增强树脂复合材料约束超高性能混凝土轴压性能的细观数值模拟

利用LS-DYNA有限元分析软件建立纤维增强树脂(FRP)复合材料约束超高性能混凝土(UHPC)圆柱细观有限元模型,以研究其单轴受压性能。通过已有试验数据验证了模型的有效性,并建立了能准确反映FRP复合材料约束作用的K&C模型的剪切膨胀参数预测公式。在此基础上进行参数分析,研究FRP复合材料厚度、纤维缠绕角度和钢纤维掺量的影响。结果表明,本文模型不仅能模拟随机分布钢纤维对试件应力分布的影响,且能较准确反映FRP复合材料约束作用对核心UHPC强度和延性的提高效果。模型在轴压作用下的破坏模式和应力-应变曲线与试验结果基本一致。参数分析表明,随FRP复合材料厚度或纤维缠绕角度的增大,试件极限承载力和延性均增大,而增大钢纤维掺量虽可限制核心UHPC斜裂缝的开展,但对试件强度和延性影响较小。      

焊接环式箍筋约束高强混凝土柱抗震性能研究

通过室内模型低周往复加载试验及非线性有限元分析,对焊接环式箍筋约束高强混凝土柱的抗震性能进行了研究。研究了轴压比、配箍率两个参数对柱抗震性能的影响规律。结果表明:通过ABAQUS软件对焊接环式箍筋约束高强混凝土柱的有限元分析结果与试验结果符合较好;随着轴压比的提高,柱的水平承载力变大,延性和耗能能力变差,骨架曲线的强度下降段较陡;随着体积配箍率的增大,柱的承载力、延性和耗能能力均有所提升。通过回归分析,得出适用于焊接环式箍筋约束高强混凝土柱的抗剪承载力的公式,可供设计参考。     

高轴压比配筋PVA纤维增强混凝土柱抗震性能试验研究

为提高钢筋混凝土柱在高轴压比下的抗震性能,采用聚乙烯醇（PVA）纤维增强混凝土代替普通混凝土是可选择的措施之一。设计6个剪跨比为4的钢筋混凝土柱试件,其中4个试件采用PVA纤维增强混凝土,另外2个对比试件采用普通混凝土,进行拟静力试验以研究高轴压比下的抗震性能。通过改变轴压比和纤维掺量,在水平循环往复荷载作用下,观测试件裂缝开展及破坏过程,研究滞回性能、骨架曲线、延性性能及耗能能力。试验结果表明:高轴压比下,PVA纤维增强钢筋混凝土柱破坏时,裂缝开展缓慢,纤维的桥接作用有效地抑制了裂缝的开展;纤维增强混凝土柱主要表现为延性破坏模式,极限位移角约为普通混凝土柱的1.47倍~1.53倍,表明其具有良好的塑性变形能力和损伤容限;PVA纤维增强钢筋混凝土柱的耗能比约为普通混凝土柱的1.82倍~1.95倍,表明其耗能能力显著提高,抗震性能优越。     

高强箍筋高强混凝土柱抗震性能研究

为研究高强箍筋高强混凝土柱的抗震性能,首先进行了6根配置高强箍筋的高强混凝土柱和3个普通强度混凝土柱(作为对比)抗震拟静力试验,并对其破坏形态、滞回曲线、延性及耗能指标以及抗剪强度等进行了对比分析。结果表明:高强混凝土试件与普通混凝土试件破坏过程相似,均呈弯剪破坏形态,采用高强混凝土可有效降低试件轴压比,对其延性和耗能能力有利。将国内外进行的高强箍筋高强混凝土柱抗剪承载力试验结果与美国ACI318规范、我国混凝土结构设计规范(GB50010-2002)的抗剪公式进行了对比,认为ACI规范及我国规范在计算高强箍筋高强混凝土柱抗剪承载力时均有不安全因素,宜在设计时注意。采用Mander建议的约束混凝土本构关系和纤维单元程序USC_RC仍可以对高强箍筋高强混凝土柱的受弯承载力进行较为准确的模拟分析。     

轴向受压CFRP 管混凝土柱的膨胀模型及应力-应变关系

在实验基础上, 建立了CFRP 管混凝土柱的轴向压缩膨胀模型。利用膨胀模型计算的紧箍力变化规律和主动侧限混凝土柱的轴向压缩本构模型, 结合多轴应力下的混凝土破坏准则, 推导出被动侧限混凝土柱轴向压缩应力-应变关系理论表达式。根据各组份材料性能、含量、轴向压缩荷载作用下各组份的应力状态及变形协调条件, 建立了CFRP 管混凝土柱轴向压缩本构关系。实验结果证明, 理论预测结果与实验值吻合良好。      

配置核心钢管的钢筋混凝土柱-钢骨混凝土梁组合框架力学性能非线性分析

基于两榀配置核心钢管的钢筋混凝土柱-钢骨混凝土梁组合框架试件在水平低周往复荷载作用下的试验结果,分别采用三维实体单元和纤维梁柱单元建立了试验框架数值模型,并开展力学性能和滞回全过程分析。考察了试验框架的破坏形态和内置钢骨架、钢筋骨架及预应力筋的应力状态。对组合框架开展滞回性能参数分析,考察了柱长细比、轴压比、梁柱内型钢截面抵抗矩和配筋率、柱内钢管的含钢率、钢管约束系数和径厚比、混凝土强度和预应力度的影响,并在大量参数分析的基础上建立了单层单跨组合框架的恢复力模型。结果表明:基于三维实体单元的数值模型可较为直观的反应试件的破坏形态;计算所得组合框架滞回曲线较为饱满,具有良好的耗能能力,当轴压比超过0.6以后,组合框架的位移延性才有所变小,变形能力变差;建立的滞回模型可对组合框架在水平荷载下的滞回性能进行可靠的预测。