纵波在含有线性粘滞粘接层的粘接结构中的传播

研究了纵波垂直入射上下基体为同种介质且含有线性粘滞粘接层的三层板状粘接结构时声波的反射和透射特性,基于粘接界面的准静态模型(QSM)并结合各向同性线性粘滞体的本构方程,导出了含有粘滞系数和体积弹性模量的纵波反射和透射系数表达式。首先将纵波的准静态模型解和精确解进行对比,研究了准静态模型的适用条件。其次在界面处于不同接触形式(完好连接和粘滞型弱粘接)的情况下,分别讨论了考虑和不考虑界面相对质量对声反射和透射特性的影响。接着分析了粘滞粘接层参数的变化对纵波反射和透射特性的影响。最后在不大于0.1 MHz-mm的较小频厚积范围内简要阐述了如何鉴别界面形式。结果表明,准静态模型适用于较小频厚积的检测;是否考虑界面的相对质量对纵波的反射和透射特性影响不大;在特定的频厚积下,利用纵波的反射或透射系数方法结合准静态模型可有效辨别界面形式。研究成果可为实验时采用纵波垂直入射检测粘接结构提供一定的理论参考。     

多孔媒质界面上声波的反射和折射

一、引言 利用地震波进行石油勘探和利用超声波检测多孔材料时,了解声波在流体饱和的多孔媒质界面上的反射和透射特性十分重要。与一般的各向同性固体不同,多孔媒质中可以有传播速度不同的三种波型(快纵波、慢纵波和切变波)[1,2],其界面上声波的反射和折射行为较为复杂。Stoll[3]曾研究过流体中传播的平面纵波入射到水饱和的沉积岩表面上的反射系数,但未具体计算在多孔媒质中的折射波的振幅,也未考虑在多孔煤质中传播的声波入射到流体(或固体)界面时的反射和折射特性。Hovem[4]在研究声波通过浸没在流体中的多孔媒质栩透射特性时,为简便地…     

粘接结构中垂直入射纵波的准静态模型解

研究了板状粘接结构中垂直入射纵波的准静态模型解。在将粘接界面简化为准静态模型（QSM）的情况下,推导了界面为完好连接且上下基体为同种材料的板状粘接结构中垂直入射纵波的声反射和透射系数表达式。首先将纵波的准静态模型解和精确解进行了比较以阐释准静态模型的适用条件;接着分析了法向刚度系数和界面相对质量的变化对纵波反射和透射特性的影响。结果表明,在特定频率下,随着刚度系数或界面相对质量的增加,纵波的反射和透射系数的幅值分别减小和增大至某一稳定值。研究成果可为实验时采用纵波垂直入射检测粘接结构提供一定的理论指导。     

超声在流体和一般各向异性固体界面上的反射

考虑到由流体斜入射到各向异性固体时超声波模式转换的一般情况，给出了超声在流体和各向异性固体任意取向界面上反射和折射问题的求解方法；超声反射和折射系数是媒质弹性参数、界面取向及入射角的函数。给出了超声在流体和不同对称类晶体及纤维增强复合材料界面上反射、折射的数值解例。     

粘滞固体滑移界面层的超声测量

超声纵波与横波分别垂直入射到固体间的Stokes流体滑移界面层时,其反射系数与界面层的特性(包括粘滞系数、体积弹性模量、厚度)或入射波的频率有关.通过对纵横波两种波型各自在粘滞流体界面层的反射特性的讨论,结合两种粘滞性不同的流体界面层试验测量结果,说明了使用纵横波测量滑移界面层粘滞性的不同特点.     

超声在流体和一般各向异性固体界面上的反射

考虑到由流体斜入射到各向异性固体时超声波模式转换的一般情况,给出了超声在流体和各向异性固体任意取向界面上反射和折射问题的求解方法;超声反射和折射系数是媒质弹性参数、界面取向及入射角的函数.给出了超声在流体和不同对称类晶体及纤维增强复合材料界面上反射、折射的数值解例.     

基于超声波水浸点聚焦探头测量材料弹性模量的方法

弹性模量是表征与评定材料力学性能的基础,本文基于超声波斜入射至异质界面时的波型转换原理,提出了测量材料弹性模量的方法.当超声纵波以小于第一临界角的角度入射至材料时,可在材料的底面和水的界面产生反射纵波与反射横波.通过计算材料表面回波与反射纵波、反射横波之间的声时差,并结合材料的厚度值可计算得到材料的纵波声速与横波声速,进而获得弹性模量与泊松比的数值.本文对厚度约2 mm的轧制铝和镍试样进行了超声测量,结果表明:弹性模量、泊松比的测量值与理论值之间的相对误差分别小于2%,6%.     

板状粘接结构中对称和反对称纵波与界面的相互作用

为了激发粘接结构中的导波或界面波,通常需要将声波从两半无限介质同相位或反相位地同时入射多层系统。针对此问题,基于矩阵方法,推导了界面处于理想连接的情况下,对称或反对称纵波从上下半无限空间入射时,三层板状粘接结构中纵、横波的反射与透射系数表达式。分析了入射角度、粘接层厚度以及基体材料等对声波反射(或透射)特性的影响。结果表明,对称或反对称纵波垂直入射时不发生波型转换。粘接结构中声波的反射(或透射)特性与入射角度、频率以及粘接层厚度等参数密切相关。在相同的粘接层厚度(或频率)范围内,随着声波频率(或粘接层厚度)的增加,谐振频率曲线向低频漂移。该方法可作为粘接结构中体波或导波传播特性研究的重要理论基础。     

超薄弹性层低频超声频域定征方法

本文提出一种定量无损估计超薄弹性层声速、厚度和密度参数的低频超声波频域定征方法。这里“超薄”的概念是指材料厚度远小于材料中声波波长，导致在时域上材料前后界面的多次回波信号相互混迭。本文采用超声纵波垂直入射超薄层材料，分析了水浸耦合和耦合剂耦合两种情况下，材料反射波和透射波的组成，定义和推导了材料的反射与透射传递函数，提出了在最小二乘误差意义上分别使用材料传递函数幅度谱、相位谱和复谱对各参数进行反向估计的算法，分析了影响估计准确性的各种因素，研究了灵敏度函数在误差传递中的意义。实验结果表明该方法能够对厚度小于百分之一声波波长的超薄弹性层进行无损定征。     

界成层理论的最新进展

本文对界面层概念的提出和界面理论的发展进行了较为全面的论述地广义界面层模型进行了深入的讨论，举例说明了广义界面层模型在分析结构断裂时的应用。     

The laws of plane defect wave propagation across the interface between two viscoplastic media

Relations determining the laws of reflection and refraction of a plane wave in the defect field at an interface between two viscoplastic media are obtained based on the dynamic equations of the continuum theory of defects. The reflection and transmission coefficients relating the amplitudes of reflected and transmitted waves to the incident wave amplitude are determined. The obtained relations are applied to a particular case of media with weakly decaying waves.     

SH-waves at a corrugated interface between a dry sandy half-space and an anisotropic elastic half-space

Summary A problem of reflection and transmission of a plane SH-wave incident at a corrugated interface between a dry sandy half-space and an anisotropic elastic half-space is investigated. Rayleigh's method of approximation is applied to derive the reflection and transmission coefficients for the first and second order approximation of the corrugation. The expressions for reflection and transmission coefficients for the first order approximation of the corrugation are obtained in closed form for a special type of interface, and the energy partition relation is derived. It is found that these coefficients are proportional to the amplitude of corrugation and are functions of elastic properties of the half-spaces and also of the angle of incidence. Numerical examples illustrating the effects of the sandiness, the anisotropy, the corrugation of the interface, the frequency, and the angle of the incidence on the coefficients are presented.     

S波由饱和土入射于弹性土时在界面上的反射与透射

从地震工程实际出发，借助Biot多孔介质中的波动方程，根据各种界面条件导出了S波从饱和土入射于弹性土时在交界面上反射与透射的一般计算公式。作为算例，数值计算分析了S波从饱和土入射于饱和土与弹性土交界面时，饱和土中P1、P2和S波的反射系数以及弹性土中P波、SV射系数与界面排水条件、入射角以及频率之间的关系。结果表明：各种波的反射、透射系数与入射角、入射频率以及界面排水条件有关系。     

Reflection and Refraction of Micropolar Magneto-thermoviscoelastic Waves at the Interface between Two Micropolar Viscoelastic Media

Using micropolar generalized thermoviscoelastic theories, problems of reflection and refraction of magneto-thermoeviscoelastic waves at the interface between two viscoelastic media are studied when a uniform magnetic field permeates the media. Coefficient ratios of reflection and refraction are obtained using continuous boundary conditions. Some special cases are considered, i.e., the absence of micropolar and viscous effects. By numerical calculations, variations of the amplitude ratios of reflection and refraction coefficients with the angle of incidence are shown graphically for incident rotational and dilatational waves at the interface between two media (one medium is aluminium-epoxy micropolar iscoelastic material, and the other is magnesium crystal micropolar viscoelastic material). Comparing the generalized thermoelastic theories developed by Lord and Shulman (LS) and by Green and Lindsay (GL) in this paper to conventional dynamics (CD) theory the effects of a magnetic field and viscosity are shown numerically in this paper.     

Phonon reflection at a silicon-3He interface

The reflection of heat pulses at an interface between the (111) surface of silicon and liquid ³He has been measured for heat pulse temperatures from 1.4 to 9K. The measurements were made with the silicon-helium temperature equal to 0.4 or 1.8K. The detectors were cadmium or aluminum superconducting bolometers. Longitudinal and transverse phonons incident nearly perpendicularly on the surface had reflection coefficients of 1 and 0.8, respectively, independent of pulse temperature. Transverse phonons incident at a large angle and diffusely reflected had reflection coefficients dropping from 0.7 at 1.5K to 0.4 at 9K. The results are in broad agreement with previous measurements on solid-⁴He interfaces obtained from heat pulse and monochromatic phonon experiments.Equipment grants and financial support provided by the National Research Council of Canada and the School of Graduate Studies and Research.     

Effect of Columnar Grain Orientation on Ultrasonic Plane Wave Energy Reflection and Transmission Behaviour in Anisotropic Austenitic Weld Materials

This article describes a comprehensive quantitative analysis on effect of columnar grain orientation on ultrasonic plane wave energy reflection and transmission behaviour in acoustically anisotropic austenitic weld materials. The quantitative results are presented for following general interfaces (a) Isotropic-Anisotropic, (b) Anisotropic-Isotropic, (c) Fluid-Anisotropic, (d) Anisotropic-Fluid, (e) Anisotropic-Anisotropic, (f) Anisotropic-Free surface occur during the ultrasonic non destructive evaluation of austenitic weld materials. Explicit analytical expressions are presented for energy reflection and transmission coefficients at an interface between two arbitrarily oriented transversely isotropic materials. By applying explicit analytical expressions for energy reflection and transmission coefficients, numerical results are presented for several columnar grain orientations of the transverse isotropic austenitic weld material including both real and complex domain of the reflected and transmitted normal component of slowness vectors. Valid domains of incident wave vector angles, angular dependency of energy reflection and transmission coefficients and critical angles for reflected and transmitted waves are discussed. The existence of a reflected (or) transmitted second branch of quasi shear vertical waves and its consequence to the ultrasonic non destructive testing of austenitic weld materials are investigated. The presented comprehensive quantitative evaluation provides an overview on the effect of anisotropic properties on energy reflection and transmission coefficients in columnar grained austenitic weld materials.     

Propagtion of SH wave in laminated elastic composite materials effect of frequency and of number of layers

This study is devoted to propagation of SH Waves (Shear Horizontal) in laminated elastic composite materials. Layers of material are perfectly bonded and reflection and transmission coefficients are given by transfer matrix method. Numerical results are pointed out through curves in which reflection and transmission coefficients are plotted versus incident angle. Composite materials with 3 and 10 layers are analysed at large and low wave-numbers compared with thickness of layers. We point out effects of frequency (or wave number) and of number of layers. Intending objective is to predict the quality of bonding by introducing elastic slip at interface between layers.     

Reflection and non-specular effects of 2D gaussian beams in interfaces between isotropic and uniaxial anisotropic media

Abstract

In the present paper bidimensional Gaussian linearly polarized beams, which are incident on an interface between an isotropic medium and a non-absorbing non-magnetic uniaxial crystal are considered. The relation between the reflection coefficients and the non-specular effects are studied. The expressions for the first order effects in the case of a beam linearly polarized in a plane perpendicular to the one containing the crystal optical axis and the normal to the interface are analytically determined. Two highly symmetric geometries are analysed and the results are compared to those obtained with isotropic interfaces.