双摄像机光笔式三维坐标测量系统研究

基于双目立体视觉传感器三维测量模型和空间坐标变换原理,采用最小二乘冗余算法,讨论了双摄像机测量空间三维点坐标的基本原理,建立了视觉测量系统的非线性测量方程.通过实验验证了双摄像机光笔式三维坐标视觉测量系统建立的可行性.     

轴对称回转体空间位置与姿态定位的立体视觉方法

针对虚拟现实技术中对空间刚体位置和姿态的定位与跟踪的需要,提出了一种确定轴对称回转体空间位置与姿态的立体视觉方法,开发了一个基于面阵CCD双目视觉传感的被动式光学立体定位与跟踪系统。试验结果表明,在执行机构运动速度为100mm/s的情况下,跟踪到的空间目标运动路径与真实值的最大偏差只有0.3mm,姿态角与真实值的最大偏差只有1.4°。实验结果证实,该系统满足虚拟现实技术中对空间目标定位与跟踪的精度要求。     

基于视差空间运动估计的高精度立体视觉定位

立体视觉定位算法的运动估计通常在3D欧式空间中进行,但由于特征点3D坐标的噪声各向异性且分布不均匀,3D重建在深度方向上比另两个方向上的准确性差,从而导致3D欧式空间运动估计精确不高.本文提出了一种新的基于视差空间运动估计的高精度立体视觉定位算法.算法首先采用视差空间4点闭环线性解法和RANSAC算法得到初始鲁棒运动估计和匹配内点.接着,利用新的视差空间再投影误差函数提出了基于LM算法的视差空间运动参数非线性优化方法,对初始运动参数进一步优化.视差空间噪声分布均匀且各向同性,本文的初始运动参数线性估计和非线性优化都在视差空间中进行且能达到全局最小.仿真实验和真实实验结果表明,本文算法能得到高精度的立体视觉定位结果,优于传统的3D欧式空间运动估计方法.     

虚拟立体视觉自由飞行昆虫运动参数测量系统

本文提出了用于测量自由飞行昆虫运动参数的立体视觉测量系统,实现了高扇翅频昆虫双侧翅膀运动参数的测量。文章在分析虚拟四目立体视觉测量原理的基础上搭建了虚拟四目立体视觉测量系统,并设计了自由飞行昆虫的引导装置,最后利用该测量系统和引导装置实现了自由飞行昆虫双侧翅膀运动参数的测量。实验结果表明该系统不仅降低了系统成本而且减少了多摄像机同步驱动的复杂性,对研究自由飞行状态昆虫运动机理具有重要意义。     

视觉测量传感器系统结构参数设计分析

依据三角法建立了基于线结构光和对称式双目立体视觉的两种典型视觉传感器坐标测量系统数学模型.通过对坐标测量模型及传感器各结构参数之间的相互关系分析,研究了线结构光视觉传感器和双目立体视觉传感器坐标测量系统结构参数及其误差对系统综合测量精度的影响关系特性.在对各结构设计参数综合分析的基础上,提出了视觉传感器坐标测量系统结构参数优化准则,并给出了线结构光视觉传感器及双目立体视觉传感器坐标测量系统结构参数的一般性设计原则与方法.     

采用液晶编码光栅的物体形貌测量新方法

提出一种基于液晶编码光栅和立体视觉技术实现物体形貌测量的新方法。该方法利用液晶显示的可控特性,按照预设编码方案,由计算机控制编码光栅的变换,产生足够的测量特征点,其突出优点在于编码变换无机械运动。根据液晶显示的特点,设计了二分值空间编码设计方案;基于立体视觉三维测量模型,提出了高精度立体视觉现场标定方法。标准平板平面度测量实验中,采用上述方法实现平面度测量精度为0.592mm。     

虚拟立体视觉自由飞行昆虫运动参数测量系统

本文提出了用于测量自由飞行昆虫运动参数的立体视觉测量系统,实现了高扇翅频昆虫双侧翅膀运动参数的测量.文章在分析虚拟四目立体视觉测量原理的基础上搭建了虚拟四目立体视觉测量系统,并设计了自由飞行昆虫的引导装置,最后利用该测量系统和引导装置实现了自由飞行昆虫双侧翅膀运动参数的测量.实验结果表明该系统不仅降低了系统成本而且减少了多摄像机同步驱动的复杂性,对研究自由飞行状态昆虫运动机理具有重要意义.     

计算机立体视觉技术在工业测量中的应用研究

本文对计算机立体视觉测量的一些问题进行了分析。提出了一种机参数示定的方法，摄像机模型中考虑几何畸变。立体视觉技术原主要难眯在于图像特征的快速，精确的提以和匹配，本文介绍一种共一线立体匹配方法有竽对空间特征点和曲线的匹配。     

三维尺寸视觉测量系统

视觉测量技术是一种先进的非接触测量手段,具有系统组成灵活、工作空间大、精度合适、自动化程度高等特点,非常适合工业现场的在线测量与质量监控。本文分析视觉测量的原理及视觉测量系统的组成,研究了一个实际的视觉测量系统。     

基于曲率自适应的航空零件法矢量测量研究

现有的法矢量测量技术无法满足测量准确度和实时性的双重要求,法矢量计算方法不能适用于不同曲率的曲面。利用双目立体视觉,本文提出了一种基于曲率自适应的法矢量测量方法。首先,在双目立体视觉的基础上,基于变曲率曲面特征建立制孔区域曲面模型,提出投影点的布局方法;然后,基于三维重建的投影点数据,提出了基于曲面曲率自适应识别的法矢量计算方法;最后,针对小曲率曲面样件的测量结果,与三坐标测量仪测得的法矢量进行对比,用以验证本双目视觉测量方法的精度。实验结果表明:该方法测量法矢量误差为1.6°。该方法可有效提高法矢量测量的准确度,满足大型航空零件现场测量的工程要求。     

立体视觉曲面重建与系统误差分析

采用立体视觉空间曲面重建技术对三维曲面表面成像进行边缘提取、图像匹配、匹配点空间位置计算等步骤,得到三维曲面表面点的空间位置,利用空间点信息对三维曲面形状进行重建,恢复曲面三维形状;并讨论了立体视觉系统的摄像机分辨率、测量范围和摄像机间距等参数之间的关系.利用该方法对堆积物表面形状及体积进行测量实验结果表明,该方法能准确、快速、方便地给出三维曲面的形状.     

双目视觉中距离约束的小波变换同名点匹配

针对一类特殊小波变换系数不同尺度下的过零点能提供在不同尺度下信号急速变化点的位置信息,提出了一种基于小波变换的多尺度过零点的双目立体视觉模型的同名点匹配方法,该方法采用由粗到细的匹配策略,利用转化的距离信息先匹配大尺度的小波变换系数的过零点,记录其过零点位置信息,然后应用顺序约束,即物体在左右影像点的投影顺序的一致性,匹配小尺度的小波变换系数的过零点,降低了同名点匹配搜索的复杂性,减少了误匹配,解决了同名点准确匹配难、计算量大等问题.采用该方法对篦冷机内水泥熟料高度进行测量,实验表明该方法能较精确的得出水泥熟料料层的分布状况.     

A novel algorithm for pose estimation based on generalized orthogonal iteration with uncertainty-weighted measuring error of feature points

In this paper, we investigate the effect of anisotropic and correlated non-identical distributions of feature points’ gray level on pose estimation in stereo vision system. The generalized orthogonal iteration (GOI) algorithm for pose estimation with uncertainty-weighted measuring error of feature target is proposed. In this method, the inverse covariance matrix is applied to describe the uncertainty of feature points, and weighted contribution of uncertainty to the error objective function is analysed. By transforming the uncertainty into the covariance-weighted data space, a novel objective function based on spatial collinear error is constructed. The orthogonal iterative algorithm is extended to stereo vision system for pose estimation and the GOI algorithm is deduced, by which the optimized solution to a novel objective function is given. Finally, simulation and actual experimental results show high accuracy and strong robustness of the proposed approach, and should therefore, have potential for a variety of engineering applications.     

The contribution of stereo vision to the control of braking

In this study the contribution of stereo vision to the control of braking in front of a stationary target vehicle was investigated. Participants with normal (StereoN) and weak (StereoW) stereo vision drove a go-cart along a linear track towards a stationary vehicle. They could start braking from a distance of 4, 7, or 10m from the vehicle. Deceleration patterns were measured by means of a laser. A lack of stereo vision was associated with an earlier onset of braking, but the duration of the braking manoeuvre was similar. During the deceleration, the time of peak deceleration occurred earlier in drivers with weak stereo vision. Stopping distance was greater in those lacking in stereo vision. A lack of stereo vision was associated with a more prudent brake behaviour, in which the driver took into account a larger safety margin. This compensation might be caused either by an unconscious adaptation of the human perceptuo-motor system, or by a systematic underestimation of distance remaining due to the lack of stereo vision. In general, a lack of stereo vision did not seem to increase the risk of rear-end collisions.     

Multiresolution image acquisition and surface reconstruction using active stereo

This paper is concerned with the problem of surface reconstruction from stereo images for large scenes having large depth ranges. The passive stereo paradigm is inadequate for this problem because of the need to aim cameras in different directions and to fixate at different objects. We present an active stereo approach in which the scene is systematically scanned and image acquisition and surface reconstruction are integrated using a four-step process. First, a new fixation point is selected from among the nonfixated, low resolution scene parts of current fixation. Second, a reconfiguration of cameras is initiated for refixation. As reconfiguration progresses, the images of the new fixation point gradually deblur and the accuracy of the stereo estimate of the point improves. In the third step, the improved stereo estimate is used to achieve accurate focus and vergence settings of the cameras for fixation. Finally, focus-based depth estimates are obtained at a grid near the fixation point whose density is determined by the local surface slope. These estimates are fused with those obtained from stereo using maximum likelihood (weighted averaging) and are interpolated to the non-grid points. This research was supported in part by the National Science Foundation under grantiri-89-11942, Army Research Office under grantdaal 03-87-K-0006, and State of Illinois Department of Commerce and Community Affairs under grant 90-103.     

主动多基线立体视觉及其在机器人焊接技术中的应用研究

介绍了多基线立体视觉的基本原理针对焊接工件等一类表面缺纹纹理物体的三维深度恢复这一难题,提出采用基于条纹光照明方式的主动多基立体视觉方法解决这类物体的三维视觉建模问题,并通过验证明方法的有效性和可靠性。     

An improved two-point calibration method for stereo vision with rotating cameras in large FOV

At present, binocular stereo vision is gradually being applied for 3D coordinate measurements in large fields of view (FOVs). In this study, a binocular stereo vision system with fixed and non-zooming cameras in a large FOV is constructed, in which cameras can rotate horizontally and vertically. All intrinsic parameters except the focal length of the cameras are set to default values and these focal lengths are calibrated offline in advance. Only the pitch angle and yaw angle of each camera need to be obtained during rotation. Therefore, we present a novel calibration method by using two control points and transform the imaging model of the pitch and yaw angles into a quadratic equation of the tangent value of the pitch angle so that the closed-form solutions of the pitch and yaw angles can be obtained. Computer simulation and real experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.     

基于多视图的三维模型采集系统的研制

研制了一种基于多视图的三维模型采集系统,该系统用三维扫描和立体视觉技术,利用一台相机,结合必要的机械结构即可完成三维模型的采集工作。实验研究结果表明:该系统在圆周方向的测量平均偏差Rr=0.94,在长度方向的测量平均偏差Rl=0.87,符合一些3D打印逆向工程领域的精度要求,与传统的三维模型采集系统相比较,该系统成本较低,可以完成较高精度的三维模型采集工作,为深入研究三维模型采集系统奠定了良好的基础。