PSO_SA算法在水下结构激励力源识别中的应用

提出一种识别水下弹性结构内部激励力源的匹配场处理方法,建立基于辐射声场的广义拷贝场概念,并提出采用粒子群模拟退火融合搜索算法对最优力源强度进行匹配搜索。以水下自由声场中的单层圆柱壳体作为研究对象,对声压传递函数进行了数值计算,针对激励力源识别匹配场处理方法进行了数值仿真分析;在消声水池中进行了水下单层圆柱壳体结构振动与辐射声场测试,将测试结果与拷贝场进行匹配处理,搜索最优力源强度,并以该搜索结果进行了圆柱壳体辐射噪声预报。仿真结果与试验结果均表明,这种方法可以有效的针对结构内部的力源强度进行分析排序;同时,利用匹配识别的结果进行辐射噪声预报时,预报精度很高。     

基于互易原理和空间平均的水下传递函数测量

提出了不均匀混响声场中扩散声场互易传递函数的测量方法。通过交换激励位置和测量位置,互易测试可以回避正向测试中所遇到的激励空间狭小,受激结构脆弱等问题。基于空间平均方法,可以在混响声场中得到扩散声场传递函数。结合互易传递函数测量技术和虚拟力重构技术,可以仅依靠振动数据评估水下结构辐射噪声。通过数值仿真和湖上试验验证了上述理论。仿真和试验结果表明,提出的方法可以应用于复杂水下结构,有效消除不均匀混响声场的影响。相关工作可以为互易原理和空间平均方法的研究提供参考。     

利用波导不变性概念实现声源定位的实验研究

本文利用波导不变性概念对Bartlett匹配场处理器距离-频率模糊度表面上旁瓣轨迹所包含的声源位置信息进行了理论分析,并结合计算机仿真以及某次海试数据进行了旁瓣结构定位技术的验证.浅水波导中,波导不变量β能够表征声场中干涉图像和色散特性这类最重要的声场相干特征,并可以反演声源的位置信息.Bartlett匹配场处理器距离-频率模糊度表面上呈现出的若干条连续的旁瓣结构是波导不变性特征的直接表现.仿真研究和海试数据分析表明,利用旁瓣结构进行声源定位较之利用主瓣结构进行声源定位具有更好的宽容性.     

基于声压时间反转镜的水下目标被动定位技术

文章围绕基于时间反转镜技术的水下运动目标被动定位问题,讨论了被动声压反转镜（Pressure Time Reversal Mirror,PTRM）定位的基本原理,在此基础上,对PTRM进行了定位仿真分析,并对湖上试验数据进行了处理,试验结果与理论结果基本一致。结果表明,利用PTRM技术可以有效地对水下运动目标进行被动定位。     

一种适用于浅海小信噪比条件的声源目标定位技术

文章将匹配场处理技术引入一种新的目标运动分析方法——长时间积分法中，用根据实际海洋传播条件计算所得的声场作为拷贝场向量，替代传统方法中所采用的平面波模型。由于充分利用了声场的空间结构，使得该方法不仅能够完成传统目标运动分析中定出目标方位的功能，而且还可以定出其距离和深度。同时，因积分时间的增加还大大提高了对目标的检测性能。该方法可用于解决小信噪比条件下，声源目标的检测和定位问题。尤其适用于浅海、在声信号的传播因受波导和多途现象影响而严重偏离平面波的情况。仿真结果表明：采用平面波模型时，在信噪比低于-28dB时，声源目标参数就已相当模糊；而当采用匹配场处理技术，在信噪比降为-33dB时，仍可精确地得到声源目标的参数。     

阵间模基处理被动定位技术研究

随着目标声源级不断减小、环境噪声级不断增大,常规的基于单节点的被动定位方式已经不能满足声纳探测的需求,因此提出一种新的将网络化探测系统和模基处理技术相结合的被动定位方法,可以从空间不同角度对目标进行观察并充分利用环境声场的复杂性对目标进行定位。模基处理方法主要有匹配场处理、匹配模处理等,以匹配场处理为例进行分析,将常规波束形成(Conventional Beamforming, CBF)、自适应波束形成(Minimum Variance Distortionless Response, MVDR)两种匹配场处理器和阵间相干、非相干信号处理方法相结合进行仿真,对单阵和多阵、MVDR和CBF、相干处理和非相干处理、宽带和窄带之间的定位性能进行了对比。仿真结果显示,基于多节点的阵间模基相干处理方式在定位性能上明显优于单节点的模基处理结果。     

改进的被动时间反转阵处理水下通信

时间反转技术由于不受环境制约,能自适应实现信道多途压缩和对指定点的空间聚焦,降低多用户通信过程中的码间干扰和同道干扰,广泛应用在水声通信领域。利用垂直阵加权处理的方法,在被动时间反转的基础上增加了一抵消项,抑制其中一个用户在接收阵的接收幅度以达到对另一用户指定通信的目的。模拟仿真显示该方法比单独只用被动时间反转处理,误码率能降低一半。海上试验数据处理结果与模拟仿真基本一致。     

单水听器被动时反定位研究

介绍了一种基于单传感器的时间反转镜定位基本原理之后，进行了仿真和海试试验数据的验证。仿真数据处理结果表明，该时间反转镜算法能实现被动定位，且具有较高的定位精度。海试试验数据处理同样证明该单水听器被动时间反转镜定位算法的正确性，在高信噪比条件下．单水听器被动时间反转镜定位算法可实现定位。     

时反处理抑制混响提高信混比实验室波导实验研究

1引言 时反镜及时反处理的研究已经受到了国内外众多科学研究者的密切关注.用时反镜所作的辐射信号场聚焦特性的研究[1]表明,声场是可建模预测的.声场的可预测性为匹配场处理(MFP)和时反处理(TRP)提供了基础.     

浅海大孔径水平阵列差频匹配场定位研究

随着阵列孔径的增大,常规匹配场在获得更高增益的同时也面临着对失配更加敏感的风险。文章通过对接收信号和拷贝声压同时进行差频自积处理,运用差频匹配场降低了匹配场对失配的敏感度,从而提高定位的稳健性。从简正波理论出发对比了差频匹配场和常规匹配场对阵形失配、环境失配的敏感性,分析差频匹配场应用于浅海大孔径水平阵列定位的优势。仿真和实验结果表明,差频匹配场方法有更好的定位稳健性。     

Time reversal of ultrasonic fields. I. Basic principles

Time reversal of ultrasonic fields represents a way to focus through an inhomogeneous medium. This may be accomplished by a time-reversal mirror (TRM) made from an array of transmit-receive transducers that respond linearly and allow the incident acoustic pressure to be sampled. The pressure field is then time-reversed and re-emitted. This process can be used to focus through inhomogeneous media on a reflective target that behaves as an acoustic source after being insonified. The time-reversal approach is introduced in a discussion of the classical techniques used for focusing pulsed waves through inhomogeneous media (adaptive time-delay techniques). Pulsed wave time-reversal focusing is shown using reciprocity valid in inhomogeneous medium to be optimal in the sense that it realizes the spatial-temporal matched filter to the inhomogeneous propagation transfer function between the array and the target. The research on time-reversed wave fields has also led to the development of new concepts that are described: time-reversal cavity that extends the concept of the TRM, and iterative time-reversal processing for automatic sorting of targets according to their reflectivity and resonating of extended targets.     

1-D elasticity assessment in soft solids from shear wave correlation: the time-reversal approach

One-channel time-reversal (TR) experiments allow focalization of waves in reverberant cavities. According to the Rayleigh criterion, the focal spot width is directly related to the wavelength and therefore depends on the mechanical properties of the medium. Thus, the general idea of this work is to extract quantitative estimations of these mechanical properties using a time-reversal approach based on cross-correlations of the wave field. An external source creates mechanical waves in the audible frequency range. One component of the vectorial field is measured along a line as function of time with signal processing developed in the field of 1-D elastography. The shear wavelength information is deduced from these mechanical waves using spatiotemporal correlations and interpreted in the frame of the time-reversal symmetry. The impact of wave attenuation in soft solids is reduced using a spatial average of the correlation field. The result is shown to be suitable for global elasticity estimation. The advantage is that the technique is almost independent of the source kind, shape, and time excitation function. This robustness as regard to shear wave source allows translation of this technique to applications in the medical field, including deep or moving organs.     

Single Mode Tuning Effects on Lamb Wave Time Reversal with Piezoelectric Wafer Active Sensors for Structural Health Monitoring

Lamb wave time reversal method is a new and tempting baseline-free damage detection technique for structural health monitoring. With this method, certain types of damage can be detected without baseline data. However, the application of this method using piezoelectric wafer active sensors (PWAS) is complicated by the existence of at least two Lamb wave modes at any given frequency, and by the dispersion nature of the Lamb wave modes existing in thin-wall structures. The theory of PWAS-related Lamb wave time reversal has not yet been fully studied. This paper addresses this problem by developing a theoretical model for the analysis of PWAS-related Lamb wave time reversal based on the exact solutions of the Rayleigh-Lamb wave equation. The theoretical model is first used to predict the existence of single-mode Lamb waves. Then the time reversal behavior of single-mode and two-mode Lamb waves is studied numerically. The advantages of single-mode tuning in the application of time reversal damage detection are highlighted. The validity of the proposed theoretical model is verified through experimental studies. In addition, a similarity metric for judging time invariance of Lamb wave time reversal is presented. It is shown that, under certain condition, the use of PWAS-tuned single-mode Lamb waves can greatly improve the effectiveness of the time-reversal damage detection procedure.     

浅海波导中时间反转处理增强信混比能力的仿真分析

针对典型的浅海波导环境,通过计算机仿真研究了目标位于波导中间深度条件下时间反转处理增强信混比的能力以及目标深度的变化对信混比增强能力的影响。对时间反转处理和一般均匀传输产生的目标回波和海底混响强度进行了定量比较。结果表明,在仿真条件下,目标位于波导中间深度时,与一般的均匀传输相比,时间反转处理获得的目标照射强度高10dB～15dB,而相应的海底混响却低了10dB左右,这验证了时间反转处理有效增强信混比的能力,而目标靠近海面或海底时,时间反转处理的海底混响抑制能力有所减弱,当目标位于海底时,由于时间反转聚焦,该距离上将出现一个海底混响峰值。     

被动迭代时间反转镜研究

抗除多途信道的干扰,优化被动检测性能是声纳信号处理关注的问题之一。通过仿真揭示了多途信道中单水听器时间反转镜的聚焦效应,研究了被动迭代时间反转镜技术,对其多目标定位选择性、多目标选择聚焦性能作了研究。结果表明利用了海洋信道的相干多途特性,被动时间反转镜可实现多个目标的空间匹配滤波：利用迭代算法,被动迭代时间反转镜可在抑制环境噪声干扰的同时,在信道输出总能量强的目标处实现选择性聚焦。     

Scattering from a topological insulator cylinder buried below a slightly rough surface

Electromagnetic scattering from a topological insulator (TI) cylinder buried beneath a rough surface is considered. To account for the interactions of the scattered field and the rough surface, spectral plane wave representation of fields is used along with small perturbation method. Both time-reversal symmetry TI cylinder and time-reversal symmetry broken TI cylinder are considered to evaluate the scattered-transmitted field above the rough surface for different values of the periods of the rough surface and the size of the object. It is observed that co- and cross-polarized field components show a maximum before the time-reversal symmetry is broken. The co-polarized component remains almost constant while the cross-polarized component decreases for time-reversal symmetry broken case.     

Subwavelength imaging using phase-conjugating nonlinear nanoantenna arrays

We investigate the use of nonlinear metasurfaces formed by plasmonic nanoantennas loaded with χ(3) nonlinear elements, in order to realize subwavelength imaging based on phase conjugation and time reversal. The nanoantennas' plasmonic resonance is used to boost the nonlinear response over an ultrathin surface, meeting the conditions for efficient phase conjugation necessary for imaging applications. Pairing two such surfaces, we put forward a realistic design for a time-reversal 'perfect lens', which can overcome the limitations in resolution and sensitivity to losses typical of negative-index lenses.     

Ultrasonic beam steering through inhomogeneous layers with a timereversal mirror

Adaptive time delay focusing techniques allow an efficient correction of the effects due to an inhomogeneous layer close to the transducer array. If the layer is far from the array, these techniques are no longer appropriate to correct the diffraction effects between the layer and the transducer array. This problem was overcome by the use of acoustic time reversal mirrors. In this technique, the Green's function of a dominant scatterer available in the medium is recorded in digital memories and used to focus on the scatterer in both transmit and receive modes. We present in this paper an extension of this technique to focus, in the presence of an aberrating layer, not only on the dominant scatterer, but also around it in order to image the surrounding zone. From the knowledge of the Green's function needed to focus on the initial scatterer, we calculate the new Green's function matched to the new point of interest. The algorithm uses the concept of time reversal propagation, and we shall present here theoretical and experimental results obtained with this technique. Finally, the knowledge of each Green's function matched to each new desired focal point allows the realization of a B-scan image of the zone surrounding the reflector