供应链设计、供应链整合、信息共享与供应链绩效的关系研究

构建了供应链设计、供应链整合、信息共享及供应链绩效之间关系的理论模型,并以广东省珠三角地区162家制造企业为调查对象,对供应链设计、供应链整合、信息共享及供应链绩效之间的关系进行实证研究。研究结果表明,供应链设计对供应链整合、供应链绩效均有显著的正向影响;供应链设计对信息共享的直接影响并不显著,却会以供应链整合为中介对信息共享产生间接影响;供应链整合对信息共享、供应链绩效有显著的正向影响;而低层次的信息共享对供应链绩效并无显著影响。根据上述实证研究结果,本研究结合中国情境给出了相关管理启示。     

供应链资源依赖、信任及关系承诺对信息协同的影响

构建了供应链伙伴间资源依赖、信任、关系承诺与跨组织信息系统协同之间关系的理论模型。以广东省珠三角地区141家制造企业为调查对象,利用结构方程模型对供应链伙伴间资源依赖、信任、关系承诺与信息系统协同之间的关系进行实证研究。研究结果发现供应链伙伴间资源依赖程度对信任与关系承诺均有显著的正向影响,但对跨组织信息系统协同的正向影响并不显著。另外,研究还发现供应链伙伴间信任水平对关系承诺与跨组织信息系统协同均有显著的正向影响,然而关系承诺对跨组织信息系统协同则没有显著的正向影响。研究告诉企业管理者,在选择合作伙伴时应该着重考虑彼此之间的资源互补性与相互依赖性,并高度重视人际关系网络的构建,提高供应链伙伴间相互信任水平,从而可以更好地进行跨组织的信息系统协同。     

供应链风险管理与企业绩效的结构关系检验

研究了供应链风险管理绩效影响企业绩效的结构关系.从供应风险管理绩效、需求风险管理绩效、制造过程风险管理绩效和信息风险管理绩效4个维度构建了供应链风险管理绩效的测量指标,提出了反映供应链风险管理绩效各个维度影响企业绩效的因果结构模型.通过对国内制造性企业的调研,基于结构方程模型对该模型进行了统计检验,结果表明:信息风险管理绩效对企业绩效有显著的直接和间接影响,制造过程风险管理绩效对企业绩效有显著的直接影响,供应风险管理绩效和需求风险管理绩效对企业绩效有显著的间接影响.从残差分析、中介效应检验和竞争性模型比较三个方面分析了该模型的优势,并就企业如何应用质量管理实践提高供应链风险管理绩效提出了一些有针对性的建议.     

供应链管理实施与组织绩效关系实证研究

以重庆、广州等地的企业为调查对象,运用因子分析和结构方程模型,研究高层支持、供应链管理战略、供应链管理实施与组织绩效关系.结果显示,高层支持对供应链管理实施没有显著的直接影响,但它可通过供应链管理战略对供应链管理实施产生显著的间接影响,供应链管理实施对组织绩效有显著的直接正向影响.     

第三方物流企业关键绩效管理

该研究从第三方物流企业的服务性行业性质出发,在供应链的环境中考察不同顾客对物流绩效的不同需求,提出绩效管理必须以顾客满意为导向的关键绩效管理(CTP)思想.第三方物流企业以顾客满意为导向的关键绩效管理,从顾客满意度出发,通过分析物流企业的关键业务流程,研究影响顾客满意度的企业内部因素,指出物流质量、成本、周期以及系统柔性是影响顾客满意度的四个关键因素,并由此四个维度总结出第三方物流企业的关键绩效指标及绩效评价函数.最后,通过对第三方汽车物流企业的实证研究进一步说明以顾客满意为导向的绩效管理方法的实际应用.     

供应链伙伴关系、信息共享与企业运营绩效关系

本文以广东省珠三角地区制造企业为调查对象,对供应链伙伴关系、信息共享与企业运营绩效之间关系进行研究.研究结果表明,供应链伙伴关系对信息共享存在显著的正向影响,即增强供应链伙伴关系将有助于提高企业之间信息共享水平;信息共享对企业运营绩效存在显著的正向影响;供应链伙伴关系不仅直接影响企业运营绩效,而且通过信息共享间接地影响到企业运营绩效.另外,我们还发现在供应链伙伴关系中的信任对信息共享与企业运营绩效均有非常显著的影响.本文研究结论可为我国制造企业实施供应链管理策略提供理论指导.     

上市公司投资者关系管理与经营绩效研究——基于105家国内上市公司实证

以在上海和深圳交易所上市的105家信息服务企业为研究样本,探讨了上市公司网站投资者关系管理水平与公司绩效之间的关系。将网站投资者关系评价指标划分为常规信息、交易信息中国证监会强制披漏信息、交易信息、沟通有效性、沟通便利性、沟通反馈效果等六个维度、实证分析结果表明,常规信息、中国证监会强制披漏信息两个维度对企业绩效影响不显著,其余四个维度显著相关,投资者管理水平与公司绩效之间成正相关关系,研究假设部分得到证实。结论为证券市场监管者、上市公司和投资者关注投资者关系管理提供了内在的理论解释。     

绿色供应链绩效评价的模型研究

分析了传统供应链相对于绿色供应链绩效评价的不足之处,针对绿色供应链管理的特征,给出了绿色供应链管理绩效的影响因素.借鉴供应链绩效评价指标和绿色环保指标,运用专家调查法构建了由五个一级指标:账务价值、客户服务、成本费用、业务流程和环境绩效构成的绿色供应链绩效评价的指标体系.在此基础上,运用多级指标的模糊综合评价法,建立了指标体系的评价模型,该模型较准确、客观地度量了绿色供应链的整体绩效,论文通过实例验证了该评估模型的有效性和正确性.     

基于绩效棱柱模型的县级税务部门绩效评估指标体系构建

本文简要介绍了绩效棱柱框架模型的主要内容，并从利益相关者满意、利益相关者贡献、战略、流程、能力五个维度构建了县级税务部门绩效评估的指标体系，为我国县级税务部门职能转变，提高绩效管理提供了一种新的方法和路径。     

精益实践对企业运营绩效的影响——内部整合的中介作用北大核心CSSCI

为研究精益实践、内部整合与企业运营绩效之间的关系,利用我国359家制造企业的数据,采用层次回归分析对假设进行验证,揭示了精益实践通过内部整合影响企业运营绩效的作用机理。研究结果表明:精益实践对质量、成本、交付、柔性四个维度的企业运营绩效均有显著的正向影响,信息维度及团队维度的内部整合在其中起到部分中介的作用。本研究丰富与完善了精益实践的研究,对企业开展精益实践具有一定的指导意义。     

The Road Taken: Origins and Evolution of Employment Systems in Emerging Companies

Drawing on a unique archive of qualitative and quantitativedata describing 100 Bay Area high technology firms within theirfirst decade, this paper examines the models of employment relationsespoused by company founders and how those models shaped theevolution of human resource management within their organizations.Information gleaned from interviews suggests that founders andothers involved in designing and launching these companies hadblueprints for the employment relation that varied along threekey dimensions: the primary basis of employee attachment andmotivation, the primary means for controlling and coordinatingwork, and the primary criterion emphasized in selection. Basedon combinations of these three dimensions, firms in our samplecluster fall into one of four distinct types, which we labelthe star, factory, engineering, and commitment models. Multivariatestatistical analyses document how the founder's employment modelshaped the subsequent adoption and timing of various human resourcepolicies and documents over these companies' early histories,as well as the speed with which the first full-time human resourcemanager was appointed. The findings are strongly suggestiveof complementarities and a tendency toward internal consistencyamong dimensions of human resource management, and of strongpath dependence in the evolution of employment systems in organizations.Some implications of these findings for transactions cost perspectiveson the employment relationship are discussed.     

Muzzling social media: The adverse effects of moderating stakeholder conversations online

Many organizations struggle to meaningfully engage with their stakeholders on political, societal and environmental topics via social media. Often such discourses unravel into splintered and negative conversations, raising the question whether organizations can and should exercise some level of control and ‘steering’ in these conversations and, if so, how stakeholders would react to such ‘top down’ moderation. Existing studies lack empirical insights into the impacts of different levels of moderation in social media conversations on stakeholder attitudes. Two experimental studies were developed to test the effect of different levels of organizational moderation on stakeholder attitudes towards organizations. We show that increased levels of moderation negatively affect attitudes towards an organization, satisfaction with an organization's performance, and trust in the organization. Increased moderation also significantly undermines beliefs in the commitment of the organization to its stakeholders and control mutuality. This paper extends recent qualitative attempts to build new theory around stakeholder dialogues on social media by testing the effects of varying levels of moderation in such dialogues.     

The role of stakeholder pressure and managerial values in the implementation of environmental logistics practices

Many of the management practices that contribute to improving a firm's environmental performance are developed in the area of logistics management. The aim of this work is to contribute to identifying the factors determining the implementation of these practices by studying two variables: the environmental pressure of the stakeholders as perceived by the firm and the values and beliefs of its managers. The analysis of data provided by 186 industrial firms reveals that two dimensions of pressure can be distinguished, governmental and non-governmental, and that only the latter is able to explain the implementation of environmental practices in logistics. The empirical results also confirm the effect of management's values and reveal that part of this effect is channelled through the influence of these values in the perception of environmental pressure.     

TC4钛合金的超高周疲劳行为及其竞争失效模型构建

针对现有模型对TC4竞争失效预测的不准确性,建立了基于最大应力强度因子的竞争失效模型。在室温以及两种应力比下,针对TC4钛合金进行超高周疲劳试验,通过试验与最弱键竞争失效理论相结合的方法进行评估,研究其超高周疲劳性能。通过对试样断口形貌的观察,可将其失效模式分为如下两类:表面失效以及内部失效。对试样表面缺陷以及内部解理刻面尺寸进行测量,并评估其最大应力强度因子值。进一步通过正态分布得到最大应力强度因子的累计分布函数,基于两参数泊松分布建立了与最大应力强度因子有关的竞争失效模型。通过模型计算结果,可以得出在任一最大应力强度因子下试样发生各种失效模式的概率,且经分析对比,本文中TC4两种疲劳失效模式的失效概率评估结果与试验数据吻合较好,为分析TC4钛合金超高周疲劳状态下的疲劳失效模式提出了新的评估方法。     

城市燃气管网三维度抗震韧性定量评估方法

为了量化评估城市燃气管网系统的抗震韧性,并充分考虑地震动输入,管网连通性能评估,以及修复过程三个方面的不确定性,该文提出了技术维度、组织维度、社会维度下的燃气管网抗震韧性定量评估流程。衔接地震动预测方程(GMPE)输入,基于蒙特卡罗模拟对燃气管网连通性进行计算。通过随机模拟修复资源分配求得燃气管网在每次模拟破坏工况下的实时修复进程。给出三维度下的性能恢复曲线,并计算对应的震后性能、修复速率和恢复力等指标。重复该步骤N次,即可依据N个计算结果作为样本进行上述指标的期望估计,以及计算各个性能水平恢复时间的概率分布。基于上述流程以我国华北某城市燃气管网作为实例进行抗震韧性定量评估,结果表明:该算例燃气管网三维度下的震后残余性能大致服从正态分布,组织维度与社会维度达到震前75%、90%、100%性能水平的恢复时间大致服从对数正态分布。技术维度计算结果不考虑管网连通性,所得到的恢复曲线接近线性,可能低估了实际的管网性能降低水平;而考虑了管网连通性的组织与社会维度计算结果更符合客观实际,恢复曲线受修复顺序和资源分配影响较大。该研究所建议的城市燃气管网抗震韧性定量评估流程综合考虑震后各环节不确定性,可为燃气管网震后韧性概率评估提供参考,同时也可将该评估流程推广至其他生命线网络系统中。     

Supply chain flexibility concepts,dimensions and outcomes: an organisational capability perspective

Due to the increasing uncertainty and diversity in supply chains (SCs), companies are aiming to develop their SC flexibility, which we define as the capability of a company, both internally and externally in conjunction with its key suppliers and customers, to respond to uncertainties and customer expectations without excessive costs, time and performance losses. SC flexibility has three dimensions – internal, supplier and customer flexibility. This study investigates how SC flexibility improves operational and financial performance from the organisational capability perspective. The conceptual model is empirically tested using data collected from 216 companies in China. Our findings suggest that only customer and internal flexibility contribute to operational performance directly, while supplier flexibility contributes to operational performance only indirectly through internal flexibility. The three dimensions of SC flexibility have no direct impacts on financial performance. We further identify complementarities between supplier and customer flexibility and tradeoffs between supplier and internal flexibility. However, no synergy effect is found for internal and customer flexibility on operational performance. This study provides a framework to understand SC flexibility from the organisational capability perspective and identifies the inter-relationships among the three dimensions of SC flexibility and operational and financial performance.     

Why authors think their papers are highly cited

A survey of authors of highly cited papers in 22 fields was undertaken in connection with a new bibliometric resource called Essential Science Indicators (ESI®). Authors were asked to give their opinions on why their papers are highly cited. They generally responded by describing specific internal, technical aspects of their work, relating them to external or social factors in their fields of study. These self-perceptions provide clues to the factors that lead to high citation rate, and the importance of the interaction between internal and external factors. Internal factors are revealed by the technical terminology used to describe the work, and how it is situated in the problem domain for the field. External factors are revealed by a different vocabulary describing how the work has been received within the field, or its implications for a wider audience. Each author's response regarding a highly cited work was analyzed on four dimensions: the author perception of its novelty, utility, significance, and interest. A co-occurrence analysis of the dimensions revealed that interest, the most socially based dimension, was most often paired with one of the other more internal dimensions, suggesting a synergy between internal and external factors.     

Building strategic agility through user-driven innovation: the case of the Finnish public service sector

This paper investigates how to build strategic agility through the lens of user-driven innovation. Drawing on survey data collected in the public service sector in Finland, our study suggests that the strategic rigidity of public service organisations, assessed according to their strategic sensitivity, resource fluidity and leadership unity, can hamper their effective adoption of the user-driven innovation approach to build strategic agility. We propose a 4C model of building strategic agility through user-driven innovation, addressing the need of taking actions in four areas: commitment, competences, communications and climate. Our research highlights that actions in the four dimensions, which are closely interlinked and reinforce each other, should involve actors at different levels both internally and externally.     

Flexibility measure analysis of supply chain

This paper is intended to explore a new method of measuring supply chain flexibility from two dimensions (resources and time) when the supply chain is coordinated. Under the assumptions that the node enterprises’ marginal costs increase with their outputs, firstly this paper analyses the coordination problem of a supply chain with buyback contract, then formulates the resource allocation with the entropy concept in the case of supply chain coordination, puts forward the concepts of resource output elasticity and time output elasticity, analyses the resources’ dynamic matching problem from the two dimensions of resource and time in order to respond to the change of market demand. Finally, based on the above discussion, this paper proposes a method of measuring supply chain flexibility by integrating the resource flexibility and time flexibility. The method not only considers the resources and time required to respond the market’s change, but also takes into account the coordination relationship between the node enterprises.     

标准必要专利禁令请求权的抗辩 ——从利益第三人合同的视角

专利纳入标准,形成两个领域交叉的特殊情形,专利的私益性必然受到标准之公益属性的影响.在标准实施者实施标准不得不使用"标准必要专利"的情形下,专利权人援用侵权救济的禁令请求权将受标准内在原则的限制.标准制定组织的知识产权政策和专利权人的承诺符合要约、承诺的构成要件,两者成立合同关系.公平、合理、无歧视的承诺,隐含了专利权人允许标准实施者使用专利的单方允诺,标准实施者由此获得了利益第三人地位.利益第三人合同下,标准制定组织的要约以及标准实施者的信赖利益分别构成对禁令请求权的抗辩.