Effect of Ni interlayer on characteristics of diffusion bonded Mg/Al joints

Magnesium and aluminium were joined through diffusing bonding with a Ni interlayer prepared by plasma spraying for the first time. Examination of the microstructure and phase constitution of interfacial regions indicated that Mg–Al reaction was successfully prevented in the presence of the Ni interlayer. With the elevation of temperature, a reaction layer of Mg₂Ni intermetallic was formed at Mg/Ni interface but few Al–Ni intermetallic was generated at Al/Ni interface. The mechanical test results showed that the tensile strength of the Mg/Al joint was substantially improved compared to that of the direct joint of Mg and Al. A maximum value of 5.8?MPa was obtained at 420°C for the joint with Ni interlayer.     

Al/Fe液-固界面扩散反应层生长动力学分析

采用镶嵌式技术制备了Al/Fe扩散偶,在铝熔点以上铁熔点以下进行扩散热处理,对Al/Fe液-固界面扩散反应层的生长动力学进行了分析,并建立了生长动力学方程。结果表明,Fe2Al5是热处理保温过程中唯一生成的新生相。在Fe2Al5连续单相层形成之前,其生长受Al原子和Fe原子的化学反应控制;一旦连续的Fe2Al5单相层形成,其生长则主要依赖于Al原子沿其晶界的扩散控制,且伴随着其晶粒尺寸的长大。在800℃以下热处理,可忽略晶粒长大对原子扩散的影响,其生长动力学方程为:y=2020.96exp(-78490/RT)t0.25。但当热处理温度超过铁熔点的0.7倍后,则不能忽略晶粒长大的影响,应适当减小生长动力学方程中的生长指数值。     

Laser sintering of Cu-Sn-C system P/M alloys

The Cu-Sn-C system P/M alloys were sintered by laser. The influence of laser sintering on the properties of the laser-sintered materials was investigated. The properties, such as the density, impact toughness, hardness and wear resistance of the laser-sintered materials are desirable. A maximum impact toughness of 11.7 J/cm² was achieved and the wear resistance of the laser-sintered materials was tremendously increased compared with conventional sintering. The green compact made from Cu-Sn-C powders, with a thickness of 10 mm, can be penetratively sintered by using a suitable processing condition. The laser sintering was characterised by a thermal cycle which was accomplished in a relatively short time, resulting in a relatively high temperature (950 °C). The curves showing temperature profiles for the top surface and bottom of the laser-sintered specimen were recorded by thermocouples. Differences in temperatures between the top surface and bottom were very small, less than 60 °C. Some intermetallics/phases such as -Cu, Cu₃₁Sn₈(), Cu₄Sn() and Cu₆Sn₅() were most readily produced in the laser-sintered materials and their distributions were more homogeneous than conventional sintering, owing to the better flow ability of the melt caused by a relatively high sintering temperature. The behaviour of diffusion between Cu and Sn was also studied by means of simulation diffusion couple.     

Diffusivity of Al and Fe near the diffusion bonding interface of Fe3Al with low carbon steel

The distribution of elements near the Fe₃Al/Q235 diffusion bonding interface was computed by the diffusion equation as well as measured by means of EPMA. The results indicated close agreement between the two for iron and aluminium. Diffusion coefficient in the interface transition zone is larger than that in the Fe₃Al and Q235 steel at the same temperature, which is favourable to elemental diffusion. The diffusion distance near the Fe₃Al/Q235 interface increased with increasing heating temperature,T , and the holding time, t. The relation between the width of the interface transition zone,x , and the holding time,t , conformed to parabolic growth law: x bd² = 4.8 × 10⁴ exp(-133/RT) bdt -t ₀bd. The width of the interface transition zone does not increase significantly for holding times beyond 60 min.     

置氢对Ti6Al4V合金室温组织的影响

通过在钛合金中引入临时元素氢,可以改变钛合金的相组成,进而改变钛合金的力学性能和加工性能.利用OP、XRD和TEM研究了固态置氢后Ti6Al4V合金的微观组织变化.研究表明:随氢含量的增加,合金中的β相含量增加,在置氢0.302%及0.490%(质量分数)的试样中发现面心立方(fcc)的氢化物δ,及大量的斜方结构的马氏体α",未发现亚稳态的氢化物γ.提出了一种基于扩散的由βH共析转变生成α及fcc结构的片状氢化物δ的机制,并指出氢的引入可能诱发马氏体转变.     

Ti/Al异种材料真空扩散焊及界面结构研究

采用钛板表面渗铝工艺成功地实现了Ti/Al的扩散连接,通过扫描电镜(SEM)、显微硬度、X射线衍射等,对Ti/Al扩散焊接头区的组织结构进行了分析.试验结果表明:Ti/Al扩散焊接头区由钛侧界面、扩散过渡区、铝侧界面组成;在Ti/Al扩散焊界面附近的过渡区中可能形成Ti3Al、TiAl和TiAl3金属间化合物.控制工艺参数能够减小生成的金属间化合物层的厚度.距扩散焊界面较远铝基体一侧的显微硬度为30～40HM,钛基体和过渡区界面附近没有明显的脆性相.     

Fe3Al与Q235钢异种材料扩散焊的界面剪切强度

采用扩散焊技术对Fe3Al金属间化合物与Q235碳钢进行焊接,研究了Fe3Al/Q235扩散焊界面的剪切强度,并利用扫描电镜分析了界面断裂特征.结果表明,Fe3Al/Q235扩散焊界面断裂位置靠近Fe3Al一侧,剪切断口为解理断裂,伴随少量的韧性断裂特征,微裂纹多数沿靠近Fe3Al一侧的界面交界线扩展,有时偏向界面中心;控制加热温度1060℃,保温45～60min,压力12～15 MPa时,可以获得界面结合紧密、剪切强度112.3 MPa的Fe3Al/Q235接头.     

BaTiO3/Si界面扩散与控制方法研究

利用激光分子束外延（LMBE）方法在Si（100）基片上直接生长BaTiO3（BTO）铁电薄膜。通过俄歇电子能谱（AES），X光电子能谱（XPS）等分析手段系统研究了在Si基片上直接生长BTO铁电薄膜过程中的界面扩散现象。根据研究得到的BTO／Si界面扩散规律，采用一种新型的“温度梯度调制生长方法”减小、抑制BTO／Si界面互扩散行为，实现了BTO铁电薄膜在Si基片上的选择性择优定向生长，为在Si基片上制备具有原子级平整度的择优单一取向的BTO铁电薄膜奠定了基础。     

On enhancing the mechanical properties of aluminum P/M alloys

Sintered aluminum alloys are an attractive material for the automobile industry, both because of the low specific gravity and high strength-to-weight ratio of aluminum itself, and the fabrication advantages associated with a powder metallurgy process. However, properties such as impact, stiffness, corrosion and wear resistance are often poor, thereby restricting the widespread use of these materials. Recent work by the authors has shown that hardness, wear resistance and tensile properties of a P/M Al–Cu–Mg ternary master alloy can be improved using a novel diffusion/supersolidus liquid phase sintering process. Improvements were due to in-situ microalloying during sintering, in particular, the influence of Ag and Sn. To complement this work, the present investigation addresses the response of a commercial alloy, AA2014, to the microalloying process. Results show that sintered densities for the commercial alloy were relatively unaffected by the presence of either Ag or Sn, and were superior to the ternary master alloy. Hardness and tensile properties were also improved relative to those obtained for the ternary, and were comparable to wrought 2014. Examination of final microstructure of Ag modified AA2014 using TEM showed the presence of Ω as the principal precipitate, but only after extended sintering times. This particular precipitate is believed to contribute to enhanced hardness. The apparent absence of Ω for short sintering times was due to the presence of silicon in the commercial product. However, the corrosion behavior of the P/M AA2014 was superior to the wrought product and thus the process is presented as a potential P/M alternative to using ingot metallurgy techniques for microalloying.     

Analysis of the microstructure and phase constitution of the Fe3Al/18-8 diffusion interface after re-heating

The existence of coarse precipitation blocked the diffusion of the atoms and caused the uneven distribution of elements at the Fe₃Al/18-8 interface zone. Especially, the brittle precipitation could induce welding cracks directly. Consequently, it was one of the main factors that caused the failure of the joint. The Fe₃Al/18-8 diffusion-bonded joint was re-heated and the precipitation and phase constitution of the interface were analysed by means of scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive spectrum (EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results indicated that the precipitation became tiny and regular and distributed evenly due to re-heating. The brittle precipitation zone was liquified to become a smooth and homogeneous diffusion zone. There were no high-microhardness brittle phases such as FeAl₂ and Fe₂Al₅ near the Fe₃Al/18-8 diffusion interface after re-heating.