分子印迹聚合物及其复合材料在法医学领域中的研究进展

分子印迹聚合物拥有特定的印迹位点,在结构和功能上与模板匹配,具有高特异性、高稳定性和可重复使用等优势,越来越引起关注。分子印迹聚合物及其复合材料在环境检测、食品安全和法医学等领域有着广泛的应用,如样品前处理、分离纯化和传感。为了解分子印迹聚合物及其复合材料在法医学领域中的研究现状,综述了分子印迹聚合物的基本材料、制备方法以及分子印聚合物在法医学领域取得的最新进展,并对其研究方向进行展望。     

分子复合材料的研究进展

分子复合材料是指一类以刚性棒状大分子作为增强相,柔性大分子作为基体的聚合物复合材料。当刚性棒状大分子以分子水平均匀地分散在柔性聚合物基体中时,能起到良好的增强作用,不仅能使分子复合材料具有良好的物理机械性能,而且易加工,能够解决传统纤维增强复合材料纤维分散困难、加工工艺复杂等问题。本文总结了分子复合材料的原理、发展和研究现状,指出了目前分子复合材料研究中存在的问题以及今后的发展方向。     

分子复合材料的研究进展

分子复合材料是指刚性高分子链(段)聚合物与柔性链聚合物(树脂)共混，刚性链高分子聚合物作为增强相在接近分子水平上均匀分散在柔性链(段)树脂基体中，达到最佳分子增强效应，形成高强度、高模量的复合材料。制备分子复合材料的关键在于溶混性。文中重点讨论了分子复合材料的制备方法与改进方法，简要介绍了分子复合材料的分类、特点及组成。     

环氧树脂及其复合材料交联结构和宏观性能的分子模拟研究与进展

分子模拟技术能够从原子尺度探究聚合物体系的反应机制和内部结构的微观参数,从而讨论对聚合物基复合材料的宏观性能等方面的影响因素。本文围绕环氧树脂基复合材料的材料体系设计和结构-性能的关联性研究,总结了当前国内外应用分子模拟技术针对环氧树脂基体交联网络结构、纳米粒子增强环氧树脂机制的研究结果。同时,介绍了国内外运用分子模拟方法,针对碳纤维/环氧树脂复合材料的微观界面及结构设计等科学问题开展研究的最新成果,并提出了分子模拟方法在高性能聚合物基复合材料未来发展中的指导意义和研究策略。      

无机颗粒填充聚合物复合材料的介电性能研究

随着埋入式电容器的发展,具有高介电性能聚合物基复合材料的研究显得尤为重要。目前,高介电聚合物基复合材料主要有两种,铁电陶瓷/聚合物复合材料和导电颗粒/聚合物复合材料。综述了这两种复合材料的特点和最新研究进展,概述了可以增强聚合物基复合材料介电性能的方法。首先针对铁电陶瓷/聚合物复合材料介电常数难以提高的缺点,指出通过高介电聚合物基体的选择、陶瓷填料含量与尺寸形貌的控制,可以有效地提高这类材料的介电常数;同时介绍了这类复合材料不同界面结构和稳固界面的重要性,重点阐述了形成化学键连接的"分子桥"结构的方法;然后针对导电颗粒/聚合物复合材料渗流阈值难以控制和介电损耗高的问题,探讨了影响渗流阈值的因素和减小介电损耗的方法;最后基于本课题组在功能性纳米填料、高介电聚合物复合材料的基础研究及应用探索方面的工作积累,对高介电聚合物基复合材料的未来发展方向做出展望。     

碳纳米管/聚合物复合材料界面结合性能的研究进展

碳纳米管(CNT)优异的力学性能使其成为复合材料优选的增强体。CNT/聚合物复合材料的力学性能主要受其界面结合性能的影响。综述了CNT/聚合物复合材料界面结合性能的研究方法和研究现状。对CNT/聚合物复合材料界面结合性能的研究,实验上采用微观表征技术、拉曼光谱分析技术和纳米力学拔出法,分子模拟方法则是通过对CNT施加位移或外力模拟CNT从聚合物基体中的抽拔过程。概述了聚合物的类型、晶态结构以及CNT的手性、功能化处理等因素对CNT/聚合物复合材料界面结合性能的影响,并展望了CNT/聚合物复合材料界面结合性能未来研究的重点方向。     

半导体量子点/聚合物纳米复合材料研究进展

半导体量子点/聚合物纳米复合材料是在分子尺度上形成的先进光电功能材料,其综合了半导体和聚合物材料的各自优点,并呈现出独特的电学、光学和光电子学等特性.根据聚合物中掺杂纳米半导体量子点材料的种类不同,对半导体量子点/聚合物纳米复合材料的制备、分类、器件结构与特性和研究进展进行了概要评述,并展望了其发展趋势.     

炭纳米管-聚苯胺新型复合材料的制备

利用原位聚合的方式,制备得到了碳纳米管—聚苯胺的新型复合材料。通过对TEM图片的分析表明,这种新型的复合材料是由聚苯胺分子均匀地包裹在碳纳米管的外壁形成的,聚苯胺分子是沿着碳纳米管的轴向生长形成聚合物分子长链。这种复合材料具有空间的网状结构,形成了一个十分优良的导电通道,对复合材料的导电性有提高的潜在优势。     

聚合物/无机物纳米复合材料研究现状

纳米材料是继单组分材料，复合材料和梯度材料之后的第四代材料，聚合物／无机物纳米复合材料的研究已成为当今高分子化学与物理，无机化学和材料化学等诸多交叉学科的前沿领域，聚合物和无机物在纳米及分子水平上的复合，将使各自的优势得到最充分的体现，简要概述了聚合物／无机物纳米复合材料的制备方法，结构与性能及其应用。     

聚合物基微纳米复合材料的制备及微型注塑加工研究

微型高分子功能器件具有独特优点,发展迅速,应用广泛,是当今科学技术的重要前沿,迫切需要发展高性能多功能聚合物基微纳米复合材料,实现其微型注塑加工。介绍了近年来作者课题组在聚合物基微纳米复合材料制备及其微型注塑加工方面的研究进展:通过有机/无机杂化、固相剪切碾磨、纳米复合、分子复合及熔融共混技术等制备适合于微成型加工的高性能多功能聚合物基微纳米复合材料,如尼龙11/钛酸钡压电复合材料、聚乙烯醇/羟基磷灰石生物医用纳米复合材料、聚氨酯/碳纳米管导电复合材料等。解决了微纳米填料难分散、复合体系难加工的难题,实现了聚合物基微纳米功能复合材料的微型注塑加工,研究了其流变行为和充填行为,调控和优化了微型制品的结构与性能,为制备高性能多功能的聚合物微型器件提供了新材料、新技术和新理论。     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.     

Early ironwork in Biscay: Survey,excavation, experimentation and materials characterization. An integral study of the mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte or “haizeolak”)

ABSTRACT

The production of iron in Biscay (Basque Country, Spain) has been a hallmark of this territory of the North of the Iberian Peninsula throughout its history. The Archaeology team of the Basque Country Mining Museum has spent 13 years, so far, studying the origins of this activity through the evidences left at the old pre-hydraulic iron production workshops known as mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte) or haizeolak. It has catalogued 170 archaeometallurgical sites of this type in Biscay, and the archeological excavation of some of them has led to the knowledge of the different stages of the production process that took place in these workshops. The team has also experimentally reproduced the work carried out in a mountainside ironworks from the High Middle Ages, and it has currently started the characterization process of this type of activity through the study of the collected materials.     

Mechanism Study on the Wear of CrAlTiN Coated High-Speed Steel Twist Drills Under Dry Cutting Conditions

As demands about environment protection are growing up, dry cutting technology is getting more and more concerns from all over the world. Main works performed here are study on dry cutting performances and wear mechanisms of M2high-speed steel (HSS) twist drills with CrAlTiN multicomponent coatings, which was deposited using magnetron sputter ion plating system, in drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, and their comparisons to those in drilling the same steel but using monolayer CrN and commercial TiN coated drills. Drilling performances of drills are evaluated mainly through the measurements of width on outer corner flank land and the cutting forces. Results show that performances of CrAlTiN coated drills are better than those of monolayer CrN and TiN coated drills. In drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, the average tool life of the CrAlTiN coated drills are 17.2 and 11.8 times higher than those of the uncoated drills. Observing wear of the drill with scanning electronic microscope, results show that there is no crack or spallation of the CrAlTiN coatings in wear zones. Main mechanism of the wear here is adhesion.     

Study on Bond Ability of Arc-Spraying Coatings with Different Surface Pretreatment on Cast-Iron

Arc spraying coatings are widely used in various applications, but uncommon in cast iron substrate. Different surface pretreatment technology is tested on substrates of gray cast iron. Surface roughness and residual stress were measured by TR200 and X-ray diffraction analyzer. Influence of different surface pretreatment methods ( dry blasting and fusebond) on roughness and residual stress was analyzed. The arc-sprayed coatings of wire 3Cr13 (φ2mm) on gray cast iron substrate is studied. The microstructure and interface of bonding layer were observed by SEM. The bond strength was taken by tensile test. Results show that bond strength with grit blasting is higher than fuse-bond; it is feasible to make wire 3Cr13 coating with arc spraying on cast iron substrate roughened by grit blasting.     

Structural Characteristics of TiO2 Ceramic Coating by Micro-Plasma Oxidation

TiO2 ceramic coatings with thickness of 20 μm were formed on the surface of pure titanium by micro-plasma oxidation. Their micro-structures were investigated by by using X-ray diffraction and their surface images were detected by using scan electronic microscope. There were three kinds of TiO2 coatings, pure anatase type TiO2 phase, mixed phases consisted of rutile type TiO2 phase and anatase type TiO2 phase, pure rutile type TiO2 phase. The coating surface with the pure anatase type TiO2 phase is rough, while the coating surface with the pure rutile type TiO2phase is smooth. The upper coating surface with the mixed type TiO2 phases is anatase type TiO2 structure and the subsurface of the TiO2 coating is rutile type TiO2structure.     

Evaluation of fatigue life of steel using steel grain size

The insightful discussion of the relationship between the construction of metallographic and fatigue life and proposition of mathematical relationships describing this relationship was conducted in the paper. This paper presents a method for estimating the fatigue life, based on the construction of the microstructural material taking into account the grain size and the participation of ferrite and pearlite phase.