一种复合缓蚀剂地硫酸溶液中碳钢的缓蚀行为

利用ＤＪＳ－２９２型恒电位仪测定碳钢于酸洗溶液中的阳极极化曲线,以比浊定量法测定酸雾含量。结果表明,缓蚀剂（ＣＡ）抑雾作用强,耗酸量低,加速酸洗速度,无过腐蚀现象,缓蚀效率可达９６％。ＣＡ组成（％）;酒石酸２．５－３．５,硫脲２－４,抑雾剂２．０,苯胺０．５－２．０,表面活性剂２．０,Ｃｌ０．５－１．０,水余量、ＣＡ属于混全抑制型缓蚀剂,吸附自由能△Ｇ为负值。     

一种复合缓蚀剂对硫酸溶液中碳钢的缓蚀行为

利用ＤＪＳ－２９２型恒电位仪测定碳钢于酸洗溶液中的阳极极化曲线,以比浊定量法测定酸雾含量。结果表明,缓蚀剂（ＣＡ）抑雾作用强,耗酸量低,加速酸洗速度,无过腐蚀现象,缓蚀效率可达９６％。ＣＡ组成（％）：酒石酸２．５～３．５,硫脲２～４,抑雾剂２．０,苯胺０．５～２．０,表面活性剂２．０,Ｃｌ－０．５～１．０,水余量。ＣＡ属于混合抑制型缓蚀剂,吸附自由能ΔＧ°为负值     

EC932型铜管酸洗缓蚀剂的性能

研究了以咪唑啉为主要缓蚀组分的ＥＣ９３２型铜管酸洗缓蚀剂的缓蚀行为，考察介质诸因素对ＥＣ９３２型缓蚀剂缓蚀效果的影响，现场应用表明，ＥＣ９３２型缓蚀剂能满足酸洗工艺要求，是铜管酸洗较为理想的缓蚀剂。     

表面活性剂对镍的缓蚀作用

在ＨＣｌ（ａｑ）溶液中,测试了３种典型表面活性剂（ＣＴＡＢ、ＳＤＳ和Ｔｒｉｔｏｎ Ｘ－１００）对镍的缓蚀作用。结果表明,其缓蚀效率、腐蚀活化能的顺序是：ＣＴＡＢ〉Ｔｒｉｔｏｎ Ｘ－１００〉ＳＤＳ。丁醇对Ｎｉ在ＨＣｌ（ａｑ）溶液中的电化学腐蚀行为有影响,基电化学腐蚀速率的顺序为：ＨＣｌ（ａｑ）〉丁醇＋ＨＣｌ（ａｑ）〉表面活性剂＋丁醇＋ＨＣｌ（ａｑ）〉表面活性剂＋ＨＣｌ（ａｑ）〉表面活性剂＋丁醇＋ＨＣ     

1－十二酰胺基－1－甲基乙膦酸钠及其微乳液的缓蚀作用

用静态失重法、稳态极化曲线和扫描电镜初步研究了ＤＡＭＥＰＮａ＿２－及ＤＡＭＥＰＮａ＿２－庚烷－戊醇－自来水微乳液对２０￣＃碳钢的缓蚀性能，结果表明（１）两者都为抑制阳极为主的混合型缓蚀剂，（２）该微乳液具有较好的缓蚀性能，缓蚀率可达９９％以上，而单一ＤＡＭＥＰＮａ＿２－的缓蚀率仅为１６．２％。     

FNP—C酸缓蚀剂的长效缓蚀性能

研究了吡啶季铵盐接枝天然高分子技术，制取的药剂量性能良好的酸缓蚀剂。药剂在１ｍｏｏ／Ｌ的盐酸中具有长效缓蚀功能。通过色谱－质谱分析了ＦＮＰ－Ｃ在酸中的降解规律，探索了其长效缓蚀作用机理。     

茶籽壳缓蚀成分的提取及其缓蚀行为

为获得环保、高效的热力设备酸洗缓蚀剂,以无水乙醇为萃取剂,采用索氏提取法提取茶籽壳中的有效成分作为热力设备酸洗缓蚀剂主要成分.设计4因素3水平正交试验得出最优产率的提取条件,并对提取物作为酸洗缓蚀剂的机理进行了分析.吸附等温线分析结果表明:在20G钢表面的吸附模式为典型的单分子层吸附.利用失重法、Tafel极化曲线和电化学交流阻抗法对提取物的缓蚀性能进行了研究,结果表明:在提取物浓度为0.35％、温度为(90±1)℃、静态挂片24 h的混合酸(4％的羟基乙酸和1％的甲酸)酸洗介质中,茶籽壳提取物作为酸洗缓蚀剂具有良好的缓蚀性能,对20G钢的静态腐蚀速率为1.49g/(m2·h),缓蚀率为91.38％.Fe3+浓度对缓蚀效率影响大,酸洗液中Fe3+浓度应控制在300 mg/L以下;提取物同时抑制了阴极和阳极反应,是以控制阳极反应为主的混合型缓蚀剂.     

咪唑啉对碳钢在弱酸性H2S溶液中的缓蚀作用

应用动电位扫描技术研究了油溶性咪唑啉酰胺缓蚀剂对碳钢在弱酸性Ｈ２Ｓ／ＨＣｌ复合酸溶液中的缓蚀行为，并采用三参数拟合方法对极化曲线进行拟合计算，算出相应的βＡ，βＫ，Ｉｃｏｒｒ等值。     

H－93氯乙烯转化器循环冷却水缓蚀阻垢剂的研制

通过静态、动态、电化学测试和现场试验证明，研制的Ｈ－９３缓蚀阻垢剂具有高防护性能。这种缓蚀阻垢剂以钼酸盐为主要缓蚀组分，按照缓蚀剂的协同效应原理，与无机缓蚀剂Ｇ、有机缓蚀剂Ｅ复配并添加适量阻垢剂Ｂ而组成。Ｈ－９３缓蚀阻垢剂为白色粉末固体，水分＜３％，ｐＨ（０．２％０溶液）≥７，热分解温度≥２３０℃，当浓度达２００×１０（－４）％时，在高温循环冷却水中具有优良的缓蚀阻垢性能。     

H—93氯乙烯转化器循环冷却水缓蚀阻垢剂的研制

通过静态、动态、电化学测试和现场试验证明，研制的Ｈ－９３缓蚀阻垢具有高防护性能。这种缓蚀阻垢剂以钼酸盐为缓蚀组分，按照缓蚀剂的协同效应原理，与无机缓蚀剂Ｇ、有机缓蚀剂Ｅ复配并添加适量阻则组成。Ｈ－９３缓蚀阻垢剂为白色粉末固体，水分〈３％，ＰＨ（０．２‰溶液）≥７，热分解温度≥２３０℃，当浓度达２００×１０＾－４％时，在高温循环冷却水中具有优良的缓蚀垢性能。     

304Cu抗菌不锈钢盐酸基酸洗工艺的研究

为了明确盐酸基酸洗液对含Cu抗菌不锈钢表面氧化层的酸洗行为,采用正交试验法研究以盐酸为基础,Fe~(3+)、H_2O_2和HNO_3为氧化剂的304Cu抗菌不锈钢酸洗工艺.并运用扫描电镜、透射电镜及电化学等手段分析经最佳配方酸洗后试样的表面形貌、成分及酸洗机理.结果表明:最佳酸洗工艺配方为HCl(36%~38%)120 ml/L、H_2O_2(30%)80 ml/L、FeCl_3·6H_2O 20g/L、HNO_310 ml/L,酸洗温度30℃,酸洗时间15 min.经该配方酸洗后材料表面平整度和光亮度较好,具有抗菌性能的点状ε-Cu相在基体上弥散分布.材料经酸洗去除氧化层后,仍具有足够含量的抗菌元素Cu存在.酸洗脱除氧化层过程由电荷传递过程控制,该酸洗液对不锈钢具有孔蚀诱导性,酸洗时间不宜过长.     

Preparation and Performance of Electroless Nickel on AZ91D Magnesium Alloy

The corrosion of magnesium alloy in different plating solutions was researched. The results demonstrated that corrosive condition of the alloy immersed in nickel chloride solution and nickel sulfate solution is serious and in nickel acetate solution and nickel nitrate solution is less. Magnesium alloy was handled with four acid pickling formulas and two activation formulas and the effects of different pickling formulas and activation formulas were researched through comparative experiment. The experimental results indicated that after handed with pickling formula about 500 mL L^?1 H₃PO₄ (85%), 110 mL L^?1 HNO₃ (68%), room temperature for 30 s and activation formula about 375 mL L^?1 HF (40%), room temperature for 10 min, magnesium alloy could realize electroless nickel plating directly and the performance of the prepared plating was much better. The properties of the nickel-plating coating were researched by electrochemical workstation, scanning electron microscope, and X-ray diffraction. The results demonstrated that this Ni–P coating was very uniform and meticulous; the structure of Ni–P coating was amorphous; and comparing with magnesium alloy, the corrosion potential of this plating increased about 799 V and the corrosion current density declined obviously. The nickel-plating coating effectively improved the anticorrosion performance of magnesium alloy.     

Entwicklung eines praxisgeeigneten Prüfverfahrens zur Bewertung des Wasserstoffgefährdungspotenzials von Salzsäurebeizen und zum Vergleich der Wirksamkeit von Inhibitoren

Development of a field-suitable test method to evaluate the danger of hydrogen embrittlement due to hydrochloric acid pickling bathes and comparison of the effectiveness of pickling inhibitors Within the scope of the before hot dip galvanizing necessary treatment in pickling bathes, which are mostly run with hydrochloric acid the possibility of development of atomic hydrogen on the steel surface is given. The subsequent described trials aimed at making the process of hot dip galvanizing of high tensile fasteners, which are possibly susceptible of cracking due to influences of hydrogen because of their high tensile strength, more controllable under aspects of quality assurance and possibly improve the process. The field-suitable test method for process monitoring of inhibited pickling bathes is realized by tension tests. The test method works with locking rings according to DIN 471 in a specially developed tensioning device. The safety of the indication of the test method is proved by the comparison of the results with those achieved with other test methods achieved with the same pickling bathes. The “safety of iteration” of the developed test method is proved by similar results of trials with samples from different charges of production and heat treatment. As a consequence the tension test is qualified as test method for the field. In addition it requires little time and expenses, is easy to handle and has a robust and fault-tolerant construction. With the testing scheme developed during the project it is moreover possible to evaluate capaciously the effectiveness of inhibitors for the pickling of high-tensile fasteners.     

环保型常温快速除氧化皮酸洗配方优选

常温酸洗能耗小、对钢铁基体腐蚀性小、酸雾少,但除锈和除氧化皮速度较慢.加入氢氟酸可提高常温酸洗的速度,但氢氟酸有毒,不利于环保.通过大量试验,筛选出一种不含氢氟酸的常温快速除氧化皮酸洗配方,并通过改变基础配方中的各组分参数,观察酸洗速度和腐蚀失重的变化,找出了各组分的最佳用量,优化出最佳配方.结果表明,十二烷基硫酸钠、OP-10、含羧酸的有机添加剂、磷酸都有利于提高酸洗速度,最佳配方的氧化皮清除速度比盐酸酸洗提高了约4倍.     

625合金冷轧板酸洗工艺研究

采用碱洗-混酸酸洗工艺对2 mm厚625合金冷轧板进行正交酸洗试验。结果表明:625合金冷轧板最佳的酸洗工艺为:首先在500℃~550℃质量分数为80%NaOH+20%NaNO_3的碱液中碱洗60 s~120 s,随后在45℃~50℃质量分数为20%HNO_3+4%HF的混酸溶液中酸洗30 s~60 s,酸洗及精整后板材表面质量达到2B级,各项性能指标与进口板材相当。     

盐酸酸洗液缓蚀抑雾剂的研究

在盐酸酸洗液中添加乌洛托品，十二烷基硫酸钠，葡萄糖酸钠，OP－10，1，4－丁炔二醇等试剂对除去碳钢氧化膜速度的影响及其缓蚀抑雾效果进行了研究，并通过比较缓蚀抑雾剂的种类，温度，盐酸的浓度，优选出最佳配方的复合型添加剂的酸洗工艺。     

Selective extraction of zinc(II) over iron(II) from spent hydrochloric acid pickling effluents by liquid-liquid extraction

The selective removal of zinc(II) over iron(II) by liquid–liquid extraction from spent hydrochloric acid pickling effluents produced by the zinc hot-dip galvanizing industry was studied at room temperature. Two distinct effluents were investigated: effluent 1 containing 70.2 g/L of Zn, 92.2 g/L of Fe and pH 0.6, and effluent 2 containing 33.9 g/L of Zn, 203.9 g/L of Fe and 2 M HCl. The following extractants were compared: TBP (tri-n-butyl phosphate), Cyanex 272 [bis(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl)phosphinic acid], Cyanex 301 [bis(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl) dithiophosphinic acid] and Cyanex 302 [bis(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl) monothiophosphinic acid]. The best separation results were obtained for extractants TBP and Cyanex 301. Around 92.5% of zinc and 11.2% of iron were extracted from effluent 1 in one single contact using 100% (v/v) of TBP. With Cyanex 301, around 80–95% of zinc and less than 10% of iron were extracted from effluent 2 at pH 0.3–1.0. For Cyanex 272, the highest extraction yield for zinc (70% of zinc with 20% of iron extraction) was found at pH 2.4. Cyanex 302 presented low metal extraction levels (below 10%) and slow phase disengagement characteristics. Reactions for the extraction of zinc with TBP and Cyanex 301 from hydrochloric acid solution were proposed.     

Hydrolysis of iron and chromium fluorides: mechanism and kinetics

Fluoride complexes of metallic ions are one of the main problems when processing industrial effluents with high content of fluoride anion. The most important case is derived from pickling treatment of stainless steel, which is performed with HNO3/HF mixtures to remove oxides scale formed over the metal surface. Waste from this process, spent pickling liquor, must be treated for recovering metallic and acid content. Conventional treatments produce a final effluent with high quantity of fluoride complexes of iron and chromium. This work proposes a hydrolysis treatment of these solid metal fluorides by reacting them with a basic agent. Metal oxides are obtained, while fluoride is released to solution as a solved salt, which can be easily recovered as hydrofluoric acid. Solid iron and chromium fluorides, mainly K2FeF5(s) and CrF3(s), obtained in the UCM treatment process, were employed in this work. Optimal hydrolysis operating conditions were obtained by means of a factorial design: media must be basic but pH cannot be higher than 9.5, temperature from 40 to 70 degrees C and alkali concentration (potassium hydroxide) below 1.1 mol L(-1). Secondary reactions have been detected, which are probably due to fluoride adsorption onto obtained oxides surface. Mechanism of reaction consists of several stages, involving solid fluoride dissolution and complexes decomposition. Hydrolysis kinetics has been modeled with classical crystal dissolution kinetics, based on mass transfer phenomena.     

高效盐酸缓蚀抑雾剂的研究

提出了一种以乌洛托品、葡萄糖酸钠、1,4-丁炔二醇、十二烷基硫酸钠、0P-10乳化剂等为主要成份的盐酸缓蚀抑雾剂配方,并对其添加量和温度对缓蚀抑雾效果的影响进行了研究,进行了详细的现场应用对比试验,抑雾率可以达到80%以上,效果明显。     

TA2纯钛材阳极氧化着色工艺

对钛及钛合金进行阳极氧化处理可提高其作为生物医用材料的性能.将TA2纯钛片在磷酸、葡萄糖酸钠混合溶液中阳极氧化得到不同颜色的氧化膜,研究了电解液配方、阳极氧化工艺参数(电压、电流密度、氧化时间、电解液温度)、基材酸洗前处理以及氧化膜封孔后处理对氧化膜质量的影响.结果表明:磷酸浓度影响膜层的均匀性和颜色深浅,葡萄糖酸钠浓...