中巴测控卫星工程项目运筹学应用研究

中国-巴西测控卫星工程项目是我国在高技术领域与巴西合作的一个工程项目，也是我国航天机构与国外航天机构在卫星测控领域的首次合作项目。该工程项目取得了圆满成功，为我国今后进行类似的国际合作积累了丰富的经验。建立了该工程项目管理中若干实际问题的运筹学模型，概述了运筹学的应用效果。     

柔性制造系统中的Job Shop问题研究

由于已往的方法不适于求解日益复杂的Job Shop排序问题,介绍了FMS及其Job Shop问题,提出了基于Job Shop问题的运筹学模型,即利用匈牙利算法解决Job Shop的最优排序问题,用MIP模型优化生产计划,以及其它运筹学方法在Job Shop问题中的应用.     

运筹学在交通运输管理中的体现及应用

运筹学是用数学方法研究系统最优化问题的一门科学。在管理领域中具有较为广泛的应用，为管理人员在做决策时提供科学依据和有效方。本文在分臻簟警的丰琴特点的基础上，介绍了运筹学对交通运输管理中在生产组织与计划中的应用、运输问题的规划、以及有限资源的组织协调分配中的应用。     

基于图论的印刷工程项目优化算法

图论在解决运筹学、网络理论、控制论等领域问题中显示出很大的优越性,将图论方法应用于印刷工程项目管理中,特别是印刷工程项目的优化,解决了印刷企业生产工艺的网络绘图及计算问题,采用拓扑排序,求解了最短工期及工程网络的关键路线问题,有效提高了印刷生产效率.较之传统方法,具有明显的优势并有助于加快印刷企业中计算机辅助工程管理的进程.     

运筹学学科发展困境探讨

运筹学是一门应用学科和交叉学科。但是在我国目前的学科专业制度下，运筹学作为数学二级学科的设置严重阻碍了运筹学的发展。因此，我们应从运筹学的发展困境出发，找寻我国的学科专业制度改革之路。     

谈谈《运筹学》课程教改的三点尝试

运筹学是一门应用学科，是最优化技术。它是用数量方法来研究系统的最优管理的数学理论。为了适应现代化管理的需要，现在我国各工科院校。不仅企业管理专业开设《运筹学》．而且不少工科专业高年级学生和研究生也相继开始学习这门课程。企管89班，     

最短路算法描述研究与编程实践

最短路算法是运筹学算法之一,它在实际生产生活中具有广泛的使用价值。可是由于这样的运筹学算法编程实现的复杂性,使得其学习和应用受到了阻碍。现通过对最短路算法的不同描述方法的角度,试探运筹学算法的更有效描述,即用数据结构的思想来描述算法,最后算法更容易编程实现。使得这个算法更易得到使用。     

运用运筹学对现在土方计算方法的改进

在我们课程学习中,解决土方工程调配方案使用的是传统方法,即运输间题方法。本文选取长安大学教科书《土木工程施工下册》的习题作为侧子,应用运筹学理论,针对土方工程施工,提出了一些更经济的、切合实际的求解方案和最优化方法。接着,再进一步,探索比较,对运筹学模型进行改造。     

图书推荐

物流系统优化与仿真 简介：本书综合运筹学、系统工程、计算机应用等领域的相关知识,以供应链环境下的第三方物流系统作为研究对象,探究进行计算机建模和系统仿真与优化的途径及方法。主要内容包括：现代物流系统基础、物流系统仿真方法和物流系统优化方法。     

运筹学的发展以及运输问题的求解方法探析

运筹学是从二十世纪三四十年代逐步深化至今的一门复杂的自然科学。该学科重点在于探讨人们如何利用现有资源,求出最优解或者可行解,争取达到最终目的。本文针对运筹学从发展初至今在国内外的进程进行介绍,更细致、全面地了解运筹学的历史,并对其中著名的运输问题做一简要介绍,论述了运输问题的扩展,提出几种算法求解的思路,最后对运筹学的未来发展进行了描述。     

A conceptual framework for combining artificial intelligence and optimization in engineering design

Research in artificial intelligence and optimization (OR) has had significant impact on the formulation and solution of computational methods in engineering design. This paper presents a conceptual framework for understanding a more powerful technology that is evolving from a combination of these approaches. The paper first proposes generalized representations of engineering design models that involve quantitative and qualitative aspects. Second, it presents a general classification of AI and OR models in terms of model attributes, in order to establish mappings with generic solution techniques. Third, the requirements of solution methods are discussed, as well as several schemes for the integration of AI and optimization to identify future research directions. Several specific approaches are included to illustrate various ways in which AI and optimization can be combined for tackling computational design models.     

Industrial Engineering and Research Oriented Journal I Operations I Literature: A Statistical Analysis

This paper reports the results of a statistical analysis of literature published in three journals important to OR-oriented Industrial Engineers. Over 1500 journal articles, technical notes, and letters to the editor published during the five-year period 1969-1973 were scanned for specific elements of information by which OR research and literature could be characterized. Some of the factors examined were (1) the theory/application emphasis, (2) author affiliation, (3) source of any research funding, and (4) time interval between submission and publication. This analysis reveals the IE role in OR research and publications, pointing out the applications orientation of IE-contributed literature.     

Industrial Engineering and Research Oriented Journal I Operations I Literature: A Statistical Analysis

This paper reports the results of a statistical analysis of literature published in three journals important to OR-oriented Industrial Engineers. Over 1500 journal articles, technical notes, and letters to the editor published during the five-year period 1969-1973 were scanned for specific elements of information by which OR research and literature could be characterized. Some of the factors examined were (1) the theory/application emphasis, (2) author affiliation, (3) source of any research funding, and (4) time interval between submission and publication. This analysis reveals the IE role in OR research and publications, pointing out the applications orientation of IE-contributed literature.     

Recent advances and opportunities in sustainable food supply chain: a model-oriented review

Faced with the challenges associated with sustainably feeding the world’s growing population, the food industry is increasingly relying on operations research (OR) techniques to achieve economic, environmental and social sustainability. It is therefore important to understand the context-specific model-oriented applications of OR techniques in the sustainable food supply chain (SFSC) domain. While existing food supply chain reviews provide an excellent basis for this process, the explicit consideration of sustainability from a model-oriented perspective along with a structured outline of relevant SFSC research techniques are missing in extant literature. We attempt to fill this gap by reviewing 83 related scientific journal publications that utilise mathematical modelling techniques to address issues in SFSC. To this end, we first identify the salient dimensions that include economic, environmental and social issues in SFSC. We then review the models and methods that use these dimensions to solve issues that arise in SFSC. We identify some of the main challenges in analytical modelling of SFSC as well as future research directions.     

Factors affecting the severity of motor vehicle traffic crashes involving elderly drivers in Ontario

A population-based cross-sectional study was conducted to examine factors affecting the severity of motor vehicle traffic crashes (MVTCs) involving elderly drivers in Ontario. The study population included drivers aged 65 and over involved in injury-producing MVTCs between 1988 and 1993 on Ontario public roads. Information was obtained from the Canadian Traffic Accident Information Databank (TRAID) compiled from police reports. The severity of MVTC was classified as fatal, major, minor or minimal. Comparisons between fatal-, major-, minor- and minimal-injury crashes were conducted. Percentage distributions of crashes at each level of severity involving elderly drivers were examined according to specific factors and tested using the X2 test. Multivariate unconditional logistic regression was used to calculate the estimated relative risk as odds ratios (ORs) while controlling for confounding factors. A number of factors were significantly related to the increased risk of fatal-injury in crashes compared with a reference category for each variable. These included age (OR = 1.4 for 70-79 and OR = 2.3 for 80 + ), sex (OR = 1.4 for males), failing to yield right-of-way/disobeying traffic signs (OR = 1.7), non-use of seat belts (OR = 4.0), ejection from vehicle (OR = 11.3), intersection without traffic controls (OR = 1.7), roads with higher speed limits (OR = 7.9 for 70-90 km/h; OR= 5.8 for 100 km/h), snowy weather (OR= 1.6), head-on collisions (OR=55.1), two-vehicle turning collisions (OR = 3.1 for left-turn, OR = 8.7 for right-turn), overtaking (OR = 5.6), and changing lanes (OR = 2.1). Adverse medical/physical conditions increased the risk of fatality by a factor of 5 for drivers 75-79 years of age and a factor of 3.5 for those 80 years and over. However, in the age group 65-74, medical/physical condition did not appear to be related to risk of fatality. Similar but weaker associations between these factors and risk of major- and minor-injury in crashes were also observed. To reduce the severity of crashes involving elderly drivers, strategies could target specific factors such as head-on collisions, single-vehicle collisions, and traffic controls at intersections. Driver conditions such as medical/physical conditions and driver actions such as failing to yield right-of-way/disobeying traffic signs should be examined further.     

Using constraint-satisfaction to optimise disassembly sequences generated from AND/OR information

This paper applies a constraint-based method, shown to successfully find the optimal order of component removal using precedence information, to finding the optimal sequence via AND/OR data. Development of disassembly theory is vital for practically all product end-of-life strategies. In particular, Disassembly Process Plans (DPPs) allow the careful selection and removal of components for recycling and reuse. While AND/OR graphs explicitly embody all of the feasible DPPs of an assembly, generating the best plan is non-trivial due to the rapid increase in the number of solution paths. In contrast, defining the physical restrictions between the components using precedence relationships is implicit and hence compact. By converting AND/OR representations into precedence ones, not only is the size of the problem reduced, modified techniques developed previously are applicable. Dependent upon the structure of the subassemblies, two different approaches are used to achieve this: the introduction of dummy components, and by means of the set of operations upon the subassemblies. Thus an all-encompassing methodology is created that can deal with any DPP representation such that the optimal sequences may be found.     

Crystallographic Analysis of Martensite in 0.2C-2.0Mn-1.5Si-0.6Cr Steel using EBSD

The crystallography of martensite formed in 0.2C-2.0Mn-1.5Si-0.6Cr steel was studied using the electron backscattered diffraction(EBSD) technique.The results showed that the observed orientation relationship(OR) was closer to that of Nishiyama-Wassermann(N-W) than Kurdjumov-Sachs.The martensite consisted of parallel laths forming morphological packets.Typically,there were three different lath orientations in a morphological packet consisting of three specific N-W OR variants sharing the same {111} austenite plane.A packet of martensite laths with a common {111} austenite plane was termed a crystallographic packet.Generally,the crystallographic packet size corresponded to the morphological packet size,but occasionally the morphological packet was found to consist of two or more crystallographic packets.Therefore,the crystallographic packet size appeared to be finer than the morphological packet size.The relative orientation between the variants in crystallographic packets was found to be near 60 /<110>,which explains the strong peak observed near 60 in the grain boundary misorientation distribution.Martensite also contained a high fraction of boundaries with a misorientation in the range 2.5-8.Typically these boundaries were found to be located inside the martensite laths forming sub-laths.     

Posbist fault tree analysis of coherent systems

When the failure probability of a system is extremely small or necessary statistical data from the system is scarce, it is very difficult or impossible to evaluate its reliability and safety with conventional fault tree analysis (FTA) techniques. New techniques are needed to predict and diagnose such a system's failures and evaluate its reliability and safety. In this paper, we first provide a concise overview of FTA. Then, based on the posbist reliability theory, event failure behavior is characterized in the context of possibility measures and the structure function of the posbist fault tree of a coherent system is defined. In addition, we define the AND operator and the OR operator based on the minimal cut of a posbist fault tree. Finally, a model of posbist fault tree analysis (posbist FTA) of coherent systems is presented. The use of the model for quantitative analysis is demonstrated with a real-life safety system.     

Investigation of idiomorphic ferrite and allotriomorphic ferrite using electron backscatter diffraction technique

A heat treatment for a vanadium-containing steel involving high-temperature austenitisation followed by two-stage isothermal holding was deliberately conducted to produce allotriomorphic ferrite (ALF), idiomorphic ferrite (IDF) and martensite. The resulting microstructures and crystallographic relationships with respect to the parent austenite grains were examined using the electron backscatter diffraction technique. Results indicated that IDF grains did not possess a specific orientation relationship (OR) with respect to the surrounding austenite matrix. The detailed substructures of IDF were also examined. In contrast, the ALF grains had an approximate Kurdjumov–Sachs OR with respect to one or both of the adjacent austenite grains; the latter case was termed a dual OR and was analysed in detail.     

Loading constraints for a multi-compartment vehicle routing problem

OR Spectrum - Multi-compartment vehicles (MCVs) can deliver several product segments jointly. Separate compartments are necessary as each product segment has its own specific characteristics and...