聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇-己二酸丁二醇共聚酯/热塑性淀粉生物降解膜的制备及性能

马来酸酐(MA)作为增容剂,与聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇-己二酸丁二醇共聚酯(PBAT)、热塑性淀粉(TPS)共混获得PBAT/MTPS共混物,并制备了吹塑薄膜。通过红外表征、示差扫描量热分析、扫描电子显微镜、拉伸试验研究了共混体系及薄膜的分子之间相互作用、热性能、表面形态和力学性能。结果表明,加入MA能促使PBAT与TPS共混体系发生酯交换反应,PBAT的玻璃化转变温度显著提高,淀粉的粒径明显降低,拉伸强度比PBAT/TPS提高,获得了性能优良的生物降解薄膜。     

接枝细菌纤维素改性聚乳酸复合材料的制备与性能

聚乳酸(PLA)作为新型的绿色友好材料有非常广阔的应用前景。为有效解决PLA韧性差、结晶速率低等问题,本文提出了以纤维素改性PLA的方法。首先以细菌纤维素(BC)为底物,使L-丙交酯(LLA)在其表面进行原位开环聚合,得到了BC-g-PLA接枝产物;然后将该接枝产物作为增韧剂添加到PLA中,采用溶液浇筑的方法制备得到复合薄膜材料。结果表明：溶液接枝法的反应效率比熔融接枝法更高,接枝率可达到76.60%;通过FTIR、核磁共振波谱仪与XRD对接枝产物进行结构测试,证实了PLA成功接枝到BC表面;通过偏光显微镜观察复合薄膜材料晶体形貌发现BC-g-PLA作为异相成核剂,添加量为0.6%时,对球晶的均匀细化程度最高;通过力学性能测试发现,PLA薄膜增韧改性后断裂伸长率可提高175%,拉伸强度可提高22.7%;通过差示扫描量热仪测试复合薄膜材料的结晶性能,结晶度从未改性的2.53%提高到13.26%,结晶速率也有所增加。     

SiOx/PET复合薄膜的力学性能及阻隔性能

目的基于氧化硅(SiO_x)镀层优异的性能,研究不同厚度的SiO_x层对SiO_x/PET复合薄膜力学性能和阻隔性能的影响,以期得到性能较优的SiO_x/PET复合薄膜。方法以自制的聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)薄膜为基材,采用等离子体增强化学气相沉积法沉积得到SiO_x层厚度分别为40,150,230,320 nm的SiO_x/PET复合薄膜,并进行傅里叶变换红外线光谱分析、力学性能和阻隔性能测试,以及薄膜表观形貌分析。结果沉积SiO_x层后,SiO_x/PET复合薄膜拉伸强度和断裂伸长率随SiO_x层厚度的增大先增大后减小,氧气透过率和水蒸气透过率则出现明显衰减而后逐渐平缓的趋势。SiO_x层厚度达150~230 nm时,复合薄膜的力学性能和阻隔性能表现较优,拉伸强度、断裂伸长率、氧气透过率以及水蒸气透过率分别提高了约25.0%,20.9%,79.3%,77.3%。结论适宜厚度的SiO_x层可以使得SiO_x/PET复合薄膜同时具备较优的力学性能和阻隔性能。     

氧化石墨烯/炭纤维复合增强体的制备及对环氧树脂复合材料界面性能影响

为了改善炭纤维/环氧树脂复合材料的界面性能,以对硝基苯胺为原料,通过两步重氮化还原反应,在炭纤维表面共价接枝氧化石墨烯,制备出氧化石墨烯/炭纤维(GO/CF)复合增强体。研究了反应机理,并对改性前后炭纤维表面的化学结构、微观形貌、表面粗糙度、单丝拉伸强度和炭纤维/环氧树脂复合材料的界面性能等进行了测试分析。结果表明,接枝GO后,炭纤维表面粗糙度增加了188%,单丝拉伸强度提高了13. 2%,断裂伸长率增加12. 1%,界面黏结强度提高了80. 2%。     

炭纤维表面接枝碳纳米管对复合材料界面性能的影响

采用聚酰胺-胺(PAMAM)树状分子化学修饰方法制备碳纳米管接枝炭纤维(CF-PAMAM-CNTs)新型增强体。利用X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和原子力显微镜(AFM)对接枝前后CF表面官能团和表面形貌进行表征;利用接触角测量、单丝拉伸方法研究了接枝前后纤维单丝的润湿性能及拉伸强度,并通过微脱黏法分析了其复合材料的界面剪切强度,同时探索了CNTs的最佳接枝量。结果表明,当CNTs接枝量为15%时,CF表面粗糙度提高了180%,表面能提高了300%,拉伸强度提高了22%,复合材料的界面剪切强度提高了178%,这表明CNTs接枝有利于改善CF复合材料的界面性能。     

PLA-g-MAH增容改性PLA/PETG共混物的结构与性能

采用熔融法制备聚乳酸接枝马来酸酐(PLA-g-MAH)用于增容改性聚乳酸/聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯-1,4-环己烷二甲醇酯(PLA/PETG)共混物,通过傅里叶转换红外光谱(FT-IR)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和力学性能测试,考察了共混物的结构和力学性能。SEM结果显示,加入增容剂PLA-g-MAH后,PLA/PETG共混物两相间的界面明显变得模糊,说明PLA-g-MAH对共混物具有一定的增容作用;增容剂的引入,使共混物的拉伸强度和弯曲模量略有下降,但冲击强度略有提高,断裂伸长率显著提高(PLA的为6.9%,而加入3%增容剂共混物的为21.9%,提高到纯样的3倍左右),表现出良好的性能。     

功能化纳米氧化石墨烯/POE-g-MAH/聚苯乙烯复合材料的制备与性能

利用硅烷偶联剂(APTES)对氧化石墨烯(GO)进行功能化改性, 在不同的试验条件下制备了3种硅烷偶联剂功能化GO(APTES-g-GO)纳米填料, 并经熔融共混制备了APTES-g-GO填充改性的聚苯乙烯(PS)复合材料。为了改善复合材料的界面作用, 采用马来酸酐接枝乙烯-辛烯共聚物(POE-g-MAH)为增容剂。分别采用FTIR、XRD、TG、SEM以及拉伸和冲击测试对填料和纳米APTES-g-GO/POE-g-MAH/PS复合材料的结构和性能进行了表征和测试。结果表明:APTES已成功接枝于GO的表面上。接枝过程中, APTES对GO有一定的剥离和还原作用。随着填料含量的增加, 纳米APTES-g-GO/POE-g-MAH/PS复合材料拉伸强度和冲击强度均先上升后下降。当填料与基体质量比为0.75%时, 3种复合材料的拉伸强度和冲击强度都达到最大值, 其中纳米AS-GO/POE-g-MAH/PS复合材料的综合性能最好, 其拉伸强度和冲击强度比POE-g-MAH/PS分别提高了19%和 31%。共混过程中, APTES-g-GO与POE-g-MAH之间的反应改善了纳米APTES-g-GO/POE-g-MAH/PS复合材料的界面相互作用。APTES-g-GO均匀分散于复合材料中, 它的加入提高了复合材料的热稳定性能。添加AS-GO填料的复合材料热稳定性能提高最为明显, 含0.75% AS-GO的纳米AS-GO/POE-g-MAH/PS复合材料的最大失重温度比POE-g-MAH/PS提高了7 ℃。      

异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯反应增容聚己二酸-对苯二甲酸丁二酯/聚乳酸生物降解阻隔膜的结构与性能

以异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)为聚己二酸-对苯二甲酸丁二酯/聚乳酸(PBAT/PLA)共混物的增容剂,通过熔融共混法制备了PBAT/PLA/IPDI共混粒子并吹制得到薄膜。采用红外光谱、扫描电镜、差示扫描量热分析、拉伸试验、热重分析和水蒸气透过率测试等研究了不同含量IPDI对共混薄膜形态结构、结晶性能、力学性能、热性能和阻隔性能的影响。结果表明,IPDI的异氰酸酯基团能与PBAT和PLA发生化学反应,分散相尺寸变小,两相界面变得模糊,有效改善了共混物的相容性。随着IPDI含量的增加,共混物中PBAT的结晶度升高,薄膜的拉伸强度逐渐增大,水蒸气阻隔性能呈现先增大后减小的趋势。当IPDI质量分数为0.5%时,PBAT/PLA/IPDI薄膜的横纵向拉伸强度相较于纯PBAT/PLA薄膜分别提升了74.2%和28.6%,断裂伸长率维持在790%和244%,水蒸气透过率降低了38.2%,表现出良好的力学和水蒸气阻隔等综合性能。     

GTA改性的PLA/PHB复合包装膜性能研究

目的研究三乙酸甘油脂(GTA)对PLA/PHB包装膜性能的影响。通过添加GTA提高PLA与PHB的相容性,改善包装膜的力学和透湿透氧性能。方法以GTA为增塑剂,聚乳酸(PLA)和聚β-羟基丁酸酯(PHB)为原料,利用熔融共混吹膜的方法制备PLA/PHB复合膜,通过对复合材料的DSC测试,以及透湿透氧性能、力学性能和红外光谱分析,研究GTA质量分数不同时对复合材料的拉伸性能、断裂伸长率、透湿透氧性能和相容性的影响。结果随着GTA含量的增加,薄膜拉伸强度整体呈下降趋势,同时断裂伸长率不断增大。当GTA质量分数大于4%时,拉伸强度急剧下降,断裂伸长率由原先的快速增长变为缓慢增长。透湿性能随GTA质量分数的增加先不断增大后减小,透氧性能增长不明显。通过DSC图结合包装膜断面结构微观图发现,GTA的加入减弱了聚合物分子链段之间的作用力,促进了链段的运动,使得薄膜断面上的微孔消失,形成层状结构。结论 GTA的加入改善了PLA和PHB的相容性,并且在GTA质量分数为4%时,复合包装膜既具有较好的拉伸性能和断裂伸长率,还具有较好的透湿透氧性能。     

高强度极性POE弹性体共混物的制备与性能

将聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯(PBT)引入到乙烯-辛烯共聚物热塑性弹性体(POE)用于提高其强度,加入甲基丙烯酸环氧丙酯(GMA)接枝的POE(gPOE),提高POE的极性及其与PBT之间的相容性。红外光谱(FT-IR)证实GMA成功接枝到POE分子链上;gPOE提高了共混物的黏度和相容性,PBT在共混体系中均匀分散,粒径细化到0.5μm~1μm;拉伸性能结果表明,PBT为30份,gPOE为35份时,共混物拉伸应变仍可达到近700%,断裂强度可达14MPa左右,是纯POE的2.4倍。     

Effect of Permeable Crystalline Material on Steel Reinforcement Corrosion of Concrete

Permeable crystalline materialcan permeate into pores and cracks of concrete and catalyze the reaction between Ca(OH) 2and unhydrated cement to generate a great quantity needle non-soluble crystals, which can stop up the pores and cracks of concrete, and increase the impermeability of concrete. This paper reported the results of a study conducted to evaluate steel reinforcement corrosion of concrete specimens uncoated and coated with permeable crystalline material as well as mixed with the permeable crystalline material. The properties evaluated for corrosion test were water impermeability, water absorption, compressive strength and potential. The results of water impermeability, water absorption, compressive strength clearly showed that the permeable crystalline material could prohibit water, any soluble salts and moisture from penetrating the concrete to cause corrosion, leaking, and other problems, and it did increase the compressive strength, which was favorable for protection of corrosion of reinforcing steel. Moreover, it was concluded from the potential-time curve that the steel reinforcement of uncoated specimen was in the state of activation whereas that of other specimens coated and mixed with the permeable crystalline material was in the state of inactivation. Above all, it was indicated that the permeable crystalline materialis very effective to protect the steel reinforcement of concrete from corrosion.     

The Research and Application About "Dry Peeling Off" Technology for Airplane Surface Paint Layer

In this paper, the principle of spurting take off lacquer were introduced; and with orthogonal method the unsaturate polyester was prepared ;it was easy to peel airplane paint layer off with this material and equipment.     

Quality Study of Honeycomb Core Shaping Without Wax Stabilization

Sandwich panels utilizing honeycomb cores result in lightweight, high-strength units that are very rigid. Indeed, they give honeycomb panels the best strength-to-weight ratio of any construction type available. Conventionally, the wax is poured into the cell of the core to strengthen the structure and prevent the core from being crushed during milling. Much time and labor is required to wax, mill, and clean the cores. In this study, the process of pouring wax into the core was skipped. In other words, the cutter directly milled the core. Experiments showed that the compressive strength of the core produced without wax stabilization was only 3% lower than that of cores produced using the traditional method. In addition, the drum peel strengths of cores produced without wax stabilization were 38.4% higher than cores produced using the traditional method, in which residual wax seriously polluted the adhesive. It was also found that eliminating the wax process can reduce costs.     

In-process thermal treatment of polylactic acid in fused deposition modelling

Polylactic acid (PLA) is one of the most widely used open source fused filament fabrication materials due to its ease of extrusion, biodegradability, and mechanical strength. The mechanical strength of PLA largely depends on the proper growth of its semi-crystalline structure, which can be severely impaired by a low rate of crystallization, particularly in open source printers. This can be further aggravated by the non-uniform thermal distribution of heat that causes improper curing among the extruded beads of the printing material. As a result, PLA printed on open source printers does not achieve the best mechanical properties. This research, for the first time, proposes an additive-free solution implemented through a detailed set of experimentation to improve the curing rate through in-process temperature variations to cure the joints among the beads. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy is used to confirm the improvements in the bead joints. This work is conducted in two phases of experiments. In the first phase, a full factorial ANOVA is used to investigate various process parameters and the important variables are used in the second phase to print test specimens in four different sets.     

Investigation of the Corrosion Behaviors of HVOF-Sprayed Carbide Cernet Coatings in Molten Al-Zn-Si Alloy Bath

In continuous hot-dip galvanization process the corrosion and chemical stability of the sink roll in the galvanizing bath are important problem which effects on the quality and productivity. In order to protect the sink roll the carbide cermet and/or ceramic coatings were deposited on the surface of the sink roll. The WC-, Cr3 C2-cermet coatings were deposited by high velocity oxygen fuel (HVOF) spray, respectively. The coating samples were immersed in molten Zn-alloy containing 50 wt % aluminum at 833 K for 24 hr and 144 hr, respectively. The inter-diffusion and inter-reaction of Zn, Al and elements in coating and corrosion behaviors of these coatings were investigated by XRD, SEM and EPMA etc. The corrosion mechanisms of the carbide cermet coatings and ceramic coatings in molten High Al-Zn-alloy were approached.     

Fundamental study of adhesion of ice to cooling solid surface (Discussion on influence of copper oxide layer on ice adhesion force)

In many situations, ice often adheres to a cooling solid surface, frequently causing serious accidents. It is critical to clarify the mechanism of ice adhesion to the cooling surface in order to prevent ice adhesion. In a past study, the shearing stresses of two kinds of test plates with a copper surface having the higher thermal conductivity were measured. The shearing stress corresponds to ice adhesion force. Both shearing stresses were significantly different; however, the cause remains unclear.Therefore, the present study focuses on an oxide layer as the main factor causing the difference of both shearing stresses; the influence of the oxide layer formed on shearing stress was discussed. And in the removal and reformation processes of the oxide layer, the time variation of the shearing stress was clarified. Moreover, the relationship between the state of the copper surface and the shearing stress was also clarified by surface analysis.     

＂Three Transformations＂ and Standardization

During his inspection in Henan Province in May, Chinese President Xi Jinping stressed to ＂push forward the transformation from China Speed to China Quality, from Made in China to Created in China, and from Chinese Products to Chinese Brand＂. The ＂Three Transformations＂ are the specific requirements and goal of China＇s national development in the context that market should play a decisive role in the allocation of resources.     

重塑标准推行格局 推动LED照明的普及（英文）

正When you are enjoying the green,energy-saving and healthy lighting of IKEA LED luminaire,you may not realize that most of IKEA’s LED bulbs are produced by the LED luminaire smart manufacturing system of Hangzhou Zhongwei Photoelectricity CO.,LTD(ZVISION).No longer enclosed in the laboratory,the product standards are brought into the factory workshop and even to the entire production process.Thus,the standards are promoted and applied in a favorable way by enterprises,benefitting consumers with high quality products.     

Chinese Experts Contribute to ISO＇s New Toy Standards

正The international standard,ISO 8124-6,Safety of toys–Part 6:Certain phthalate esters in toys and children’s products,was officially issued by ISO worldwide on August 15.It was the first time for Chinese experts to lead the ISO standard development in toys industry.The standard was drafted by a group of Chinese experts from SAC/TC for toys and relevant Chinese departments and finally completed by a dedicated international group of experts.ISO 8124-6 makes a substantive breakthrough in the aspects of the scope of toys,limitation of plasticizer types,control of test cost,accuracy of test,operation convenience,etc.,offering the operational guidance for toy manufactures and testing laboratories.     

SAC Delegation Visits AENOR and Signs Cooperation Agreements

正SAC Administrator Tian Shihong led the Chinese delegation to visit the Spanish Association for Standardization and Certification(AENOR)on September 15,2014.Mrs.Begona Cristeto,the Vice-Minister of Industry,Energy and Tourism of Spain,and Mr.Avelino Brito,the President and CEO of AENOR greeted the delegation.The two sides had a deep and friendly discussion on strengthening the cooperation between China and Spain in the standardization field and promoting the standardization work to support the development of economy and trade in the two countries.