顶空气相色谱法测定盐酸法舒地尔中有机溶剂残留量

本文应用顶空进样方式,DB-624毛细管柱分离,FID检测器,外标法定量测定盐酸法舒地尔中乙醚,甲醇,二氯甲烷残留量,结果3个组分完全分离.分离度为甲醇,乙醚之间为19.0,乙醚和二氯甲烷之间为20.8.在所考察的线性范嗣内具有良好的线性关系,相关系数r分别为甲醇0.9993,乙醚为0.9997,二氯甲烷为0.9963...     

金属材料试样制备与力学性能试验结果的相关性 第一讲 试样的取样部位及机加工与力学性能试验结果的相关性

介绍了金属材料试样制备与力学性能试验结果的相关性。对国家标准中关于力学性能试验试样取样和机加工的要求、力学试验取样和制样过程中需要注意的问题、机加工质量的检验等问题进行了讨论。结果表明金属材料试验试样的制备与力学性能试验的结果有着非常密切的相关性,由于这个原因,力学试验试样的取样和机加工必须严格按照国家标准的要求进行,机加工后必须检验加工质量,以保证力学试验结果的正确性。     

Metrological Support to Oil Product Metering with Stationary and Transportable Capacity Measures

The state of the art and upgrading prospects are considered for metrological support to accounting for oil products. There is a need for methods of measuring level, temperature, volume, density, and mass for oil products and for the creation of computerized installations for checking stationary and transportable capacity measures.     

Patient skin dosimetry in haemodynamic and electrophysiology interventional cardiology

With the increase in number and complexity of interventional cardiology (IC) procedures, it is important to monitor skin dose in order to decrease skin injuries. This study investigated radiation doses for patients undergoing IC procedures, compare results with the literature and define a local dose-area product trigger level for operators to identify situations likely to exceed the threshold for transient skin erythema of 2 Gy. Dosimetric data were collected for 77 haemodynamic and 90 electrophysiological procedures. Mean maximum local skin doses (MSDs) were 0.28 Gy for coronary angiography, 1.03 Gy for percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA), 0.03 Gy for pacemaker insertion, 0.17 Gy for radiofrequency ablation for nodal tachycardia, 0.10 Gy for WPW and 0.22 Gy for atrial flutter. Since MSD values for the other procedures were well below the deterministic effect limit, a trigger level of 140 Gy cm2 was derived for PTCA procedures alone.     

Implications of optical properties of ocean, lake, and ice for ultrahigh-energy neutrino detection

The collecting power and imaging ability of planned ultrahigh-energy neutrino observatories depend on wavelength-dependent absorption and scattering coefficients for the detector medium. Published data are compiled for deep ice at the South Pole, for deep fresh water at Lake Baikal, and for deep seawater. The effective scattering coefficient is smallest for the clearest deep ocean sites, whereas the absorption coefficient is an order of magnitude smaller for deep ice than for the ocean and lake sites. The effective volume per detector element as a function of energy is calculated for electromagnetic cascades produced by electron neutrinos interacting at the various sites. It is largest for deep bubble-free ice, smallest for shallow bubbly ice, and intermediate for lake and seawater. The effective volume per element is calculated for detection of positrons resulting from the capture of a few megaelectron volt supernova neutrinos by protons in the medium. This volume is proportional to the absorption length and independent of the scattering length; it is larger for ice than for seawater or lake water.     

Consistency of MGEX Orbit and Clock Products

The analysis centers of the Multi-GNSS Pilot Project of the International GNSS Service provide orbit and clock products for the global navigation satellite systems (GNSSs) Global Positioning System (GPS), GLONASS, Galileo, and BeiDou, as well as for the Japanese regional Quasi-Zenith Satellite System (QZSS). Due to improved solar radiation pressure modeling and other more sophisticated models, the consistency of these products has improved in recent years. The current orbit consistency between different analysis centers is on the level of a few centimeters for GPS, around one decimeter for GLONASS and Galileo, a few decimeters for BeiDou-2, and several decimeters for QZSS. The clock consistency is about 2 cm for GPS, 5 cm for GLONASS and Galileo, and 10 cm for BeiDou-2. In terms of carrier phase modeling error for precise point positioning, the various products exhibit consistencies of 2–3 cm for GPS, 6–14 cm for GLONASS, 3–10 cm for Galileo, and 10–17 cm for BeiDou-2.     

钛合金技术引进中的知识产权分析研究

通过分析新型材料中钛合金材料专利与非专利技术的现状与发展,尤其针对钛合金技术专利申请情况、关键技术引进状态、关键技术分布、重点专利等,提出了钛合金材料关键技术的引进方向及知识产权保护策略,同时为该领域的研究与发展、专利风险规避和预警提供可靠的专利技术情报支撑。调研了国内武器装备钛合金关键技术引进现状及知识产权保护情况,重点开展了钛合金技术国内外专利情况分析以及关键技术引进中的知识产权保护现状分析,并通过图表的形式,明确了钛合金技术在引进过程中的可行性。研究成果可应用于武器装备新型材料的研发,为装备新型材料先进技术引进或借鉴提供依据。     

Amplitude-squared and amplitude-cubed squeezing in stimulated Raman and in spontaneous Raman scattering

Coherent light coupled to a third-order nonlinear medium is responsible for spontaneous and for stimulated Raman processes. The analytical solutions up to second order in coupling constants of various field modes for spontaneous Raman and for stimulated Raman processes are utilized to obtain the amplitude-squared and amplitude-cubed squeezing of the input coherent light. The amplitude-squared and amplitude-cubed squeezing are completely ruled out for all modes for spontaneous Raman processes. For stimulated Raman processes, we observe that the squeezing for amplitude-squared and amplitude-cubed are possible for pump and for vibrational phonon modes. It is found that the percentage of higher ordered amplitude squeezing decreases with the increase of the orders. The squeezing in Stokes and in anti-Stokes modes are ruled out even for stimulated Raman processes.     

The insulation of freezers and refrigerators— how thick should it be?

Calculations are presented for the insulation losses for a range of sizes of domestic freezers and refrigerators with different insulation thicknesses. Power consumptions are also evaluated allowing for other losses, such as around doors, for a normal load pattern, and for compressor efficiencies. It is shown that the scope for power savings with increased insulation is only about 20% for freezers and 30% for refrigerators.     

The prevalence of alcohol, cannabinoids, benzodiazepines and stimulants amongst injured drivers and their role in driver culpability: part i: the prevalence of drug use in drive the drug-positive group

Blood samples from 2,500 injured drivers were analysed for alcohol, cannabinnoids, benzodiazepines and stimulants. Overall, three-quarters of drivers tested negative for drugs. Alcohol was the most frequently detected drug. Cannabinoids were also detected at high rates, but the majority of drivers tested positive for THC-acid, the inactive metabolite of THC. Benzodiazepines and stimulants were detected at low rates, and detection rates for combinations of drugs were also low. Males were more likely to test positive for drugs, especially alcohol and THC, whereas females were more likely to test positive for benzodiazepines. A similar proportion of car drivers and motorcycle riders tested positive for drugs, although riders were more likely to test positive for THC. Single-vehicle crashes were particularly associated with alcohol for both car driver and riders, and for riders, multiple-vehicle crashes were particularly associated with THC.     

Coating material innovation in conjunction with optimized deposition technologies

Concentrating on physical vapour deposition methods several examples of recently developed coating materials for optical applications were studied for film deposition with optimized coating technologies: mixed evaporation materials for ion assisted deposition with modern plasma ion sources, planar metal and oxide sputter targets for Direct Current (DC) and Mid-Frequency (MF) pulsed sputter deposition and planar and rotatable sputter targets of transparent conductive oxides (TCO) for large-area sputter deposition.Films from specially designed titania based mixed evaporation materials deposited with new plasma ion sources and possible operation with pure oxygen showed extended ranges of the ratio between refractive index and structural film stress, hence there is an increased potential for the reduction of the total coating stress in High-Low alternating stacks and for coating plastics.DC and MF-pulsed sputtering of niobium metal and suboxide targets for optical coatings yielded essential benefits of the suboxide targets in a range of practical coating conditions (for absent in-situ post-oxidation ability): higher refractive index and deposition rate, better reproducibility and easier process control, and the potential for co-deposition of several targets.Technological progress in the manufacture of rotatable indium tin oxide (ITO) targets with regard to higher wall-thickness and density was shown to be reflected in higher material stock and coater up-time, economical deposition rates and stable process behaviour. Both for the rotatable ITO targets and higher-dense aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO) planar targets values of film transmittance and resistivity were in the range of the best values industrially achieved for films from the respective planar targets. The results for the rotatable ITO and planar AZO targets point to equally optimized process and film properties for the optimized rotatable AZO targets currently in testing.     

Terrestrial gamma radioactivity levels and their corresponding extent exposure of environmental samples from Wadi El Assuity protective area, Assuit, Upper Egypt

Representative environmental samples (sandy soil, limestone, marble and gravels) collected from Wadi El Assuity, protective area, Assuit governorate in Upper Egypt have been investigated radiometrically using NaI (Tl) gamma-ray spectrometer. The specific activity of the radionuclides in Bq kg?1 for soil ranged between 10.5 and 18.7 for 22?Ra, 1.5 to 4.6 for 232Th and from 94 to 107 for ??K, for limestone ranged between 19 and 27.1 for 22?Ra, 32.9 to 50 for 232Th and from 49 to 7 3 for ??K, where, for marble ranged between 12.2 and 30.7 for 22?Ra, 32.6 to 59.5 for 232Th and 55 to 70 for ??K and for gravels ranged between 7.8 and 21.8 for 22?Ra, 19.8 to 30.0 for 232Th and from 151 to 260 for ??K. The mean activity concentrations of measured radionuclides were compared with other literature values. The absorbed dose rate, radium equivalent activity and external hazard index were calculated and compared with internationally recommended values. The gamma absorbed dose rates in the samples ranged between 8.44 and 50.89 nGy h?1. These dose rates are consistent with the accepted worldwide average 55 nGy h?1 for the public. All values obtained for radium equivalent activity are < 370 Bq kg?1, which are acceptable for safe use. The calculated values of external hazard index obtained varied from 0.12 to 0.24. Since these values are lower than unity, one can say that the radiation hazard is insignificant for the population living in the investigated area. This permits the use of these materials sediments as building materials in any probable development projects at this area.     

Dialysis Staff Time and Supply Cost for the LifeSite System vs. Hemodialysis Catheters

The LifeSite System is a new subcutaneous vascular access option for hemodialysis patients. As the procedure for accessing the LifeSite differs from hemodialysis catheters, we prospectively studied the differences in time required to initiate and discontinue treatments for LifeSite patients compared to patients with hemodialysis catheters. We also collected data on the cost of supplies and the number of alarms during dialysis for both groups. 5 LifeSite and 5 catheter patients were chosen at random for participation in the study. The time required for the ON and OFF procedures was recorded for 3 consecutive dialysis sessions for each patient for a total of 15 observations/group. The average staff time required per session for supply preparation, ON/OFF procedure, dressing changes, and responding to alarms was 15.9 min for the LifeSite and 16.9 min for catheters. Catheter patients experienced 4.5 access-related alarms per session compared to 2.5 access-related alarms per session for LifeSite patients. This increase in the number alarms for catheter patients resulted in an increase in average staff time required to resolve the cause of these alarms vs. LifeSite patients (3.4 vs. 0.87 min/session). There was a minimal difference in the cost of access-related supplies between LifeSite and catheter patients at our center ($3.71 vs. $3.88 per session, respectively) based on dialysis center acquisition costs. This study demonstrates that attaining a critical mass of LifeSite patients in a dialysis unit enables the dialysis staff to develop the skill to initiate and discontinue treatments for patients with the LifeSite in a timeframe similar to that required to do the same for catheter patients. The overall cost of supplies to care for LifeSite patients in a dialysis unit is also similar to those used for catheter patients.     

何种交通安全广告更有效:认知需要和情感需要的调节作用

目的探讨反酒驾交通安全公益广告的诉求方式对个体酒驾态度的影响,以及认知需要和情感需要在广告说服过程中的调节作用。方法采用实验法操纵广告诉求类型,使用认知需要和情感需要问卷分别测量被试的认知需要和情感需要。结果在控制了社会称许性的影响后,恐惧诉求广告的说服效果显著优于理性诉求广告,且认知需要和情感需要均显著调节广告诉求与酒驾态度之间的关系。结论理性诉求广告对高认知需要的个体更有效;恐惧诉求广告对高情感需要的个体更有效。     

Microfluidic lysis of human blood for leukocyte analysis using single cell impedance cytometry

This paper demonstrates an integrated microfluidic system that performs a full blood count using impedance analysis. A microfluidic network design for red blood cell (RBC) lysis is presented, and the diffusive mixing processes are analyzed using experimental and simulated results. Healthy and clinical bloods analyzed with this system, and the data shows good correlation against data obtained from commercial hematology machines. The data from the microfluidic system was compared against hospital data for 18 clinical samples, giving R(2) (coefficient of determination) values of 0.99 for lymphocytes, 0.89 for monocytes, and 0.99 for granulocytes in terms of relative counts and 0.94 for lymphocytes, 0.91 for monocytes, and 0.95 for granulocytes in terms of absolute counts. This demonstrates the potential clinical utility of this new system for a point-of-care purpose.     

A Rational Fundamental Equation of State for Pentafluoroethane with Theoretical and Experimental Bases

A fundamental equation of state for pentafluoroethane was established on the basis of not only assessment of the experimental data but also by introducing parameters for virial coefficients having a theoretical background in statistical thermodynamics. The equation of state has a range of validity for temperatures from the triple point up to 500 K and pressures up to 70 MPa. The estimated uncertainties of the equation are 0.1% for the vapor pressure, 0.15% in density for the saturated-liquid phase, 0.5% in density for the saturated-vapor phase, 0.1% in density for the liquid phase, 0.1% in pressure for the gaseous phase, 0.5% in density for the supercritical region, 0.01% in speed of sound for the gaseous phase, 0.9% in speed of sound for the liquid phase, 0.5% in isobaric specific heat for the liquid phase, and 1.2% in isochoric specific heat for the liquid phase. The derived specific heats in the gaseous phase are close to the values from the virial equation of state with the second and third virial coefficients derived from intermolecular potential models and precise speed-of-sound measurements.     

Benchmark problems for wave propagation in elastic materials

The application of the new numerical approach for elastodynamics problems developed in our previous paper and based on the new solution strategy and the new time-integration methods is considered for 1D and 2D axisymmetric impact problems. It is not easy to solve these problems accurately because the exact solutions of the corresponding semi-discrete elastodynamics problems contain a large number of spurious high-frequency oscillations. We use the 1D impact problem for the calibration of a new analytical expression describing the minimum amount of numerical dissipation necessary for the new time-integration method used for filtering spurious oscillations. Then, we show that the new numerical approach for elastodynamics along with the new expression for numerical dissipation for the first time yield accurate and non-oscillatory solutions of the considered impact problems. The comparison of effectiveness of linear and quadratic elements as well as rectangular and triangular finite elements for elastodynamics problems is also considered.     

危险化学品包装的危险公示标签要素比对分析

目的为了降低危险化学品的流转风险,研究危险化学品包装的危险公示标签要素。方法总结国际和国内对于危险化学品危险公示的管理和技术要求,并对不同危险品管理法规的危险公示象形图的使用进行比对分析。结果通过对不同法规体系下危险公示要素的比对分析,给出了同一危险分类的象形图要求,为危险化学品的生产方、使用方及相关方提供借鉴。结论危险化学品包装危险公示标签是针对危险化学品而设计的一种安全标识和警告标识,确定了不同危险品管理法规对危险公示标签象形图的使用要求,为简便、快速、正确使用危险公示标签提供技术指导。     

Suggested diagnostic reference levels for paediatric X-ray examinations in India

Exposure of children to ionising radiation is considered to carry higher risk than that of adults; therefore a need to suggest diagnostic reference levels (DRLs) for the common paediatric diagnostic X-ray procedures was recognised for the X-ray machines meeting the requirements of the recently implemented Safety Code for Medical Diagnostic X-ray Equipment and Installations in India. Measurements were carried out for entrance surface air kerma (free in air) in conventional paediatric X-ray diagnostic examinations among four age groups: <1, 1-4, 5-9 and 10-15 y. A total of 2240 air kerma measurements at different fixed focus to skin distances were studied for 7 paediatric diagnostic examinations with 11 different projections on 62 X-ray machines installed in 22 selected hospitals in the country. The third quartile values of air kerma per paediatric examination for the age group of 5-9 y were considered as values of paediatric DRLs. The suggested values of DRLs are 0.2 mGy for chest AP/PA, 0.3 mGy for chest LAT, 0.7 mGy for lumber spine AP, 1.3 mGy for lumber spine LAT, 0.3 mGy for thoracic spine AP, 0.6 mGy for thoracic spine LAT, 0.5 mGy for abdomen AP, 0.7 mGy for pelvis AP, 0.6 mGy for skull PA, 0.5 mGy for skull LAT and 0.8 mGy for hip joints AP.