瓦楞复合材料静态压缩吸能性能研究

基于4种不同结构瓦楞复合材料的静态压缩试验,用单位体积单位质量材料的最大变形能来表征其缓冲吸能效率,比较了4种材料的吸能性能.折叠型瓦楞复合材料的承载性能最高,其静态压缩吸收的最大变形能也较大;0/90/0交叉叠置瓦楞复合材料和0/0/0平行叠置瓦楞复合材料的缓冲性能非常相似,其承载能力不高,但回弹性较好;瓦楞/蜂窝/瓦楞以很少的材料大大提高了复合材料的厚度,且其缓冲吸能效率比单纯的瓦楞叠置有所提高.该研究成果为缓冲用瓦楞复合材料的选用提供了数据支持.     

瓦楞复合材料动态压缩吸能性能试验研究

基于4种不同结构瓦楞复合材料的动态压缩试验,比较了4种材料的吸能性能.瓦楞复合材料在动态压缩试验下的最大变形能,明显大于其在静态压缩试验下的最大变形能.瓦楞复合材料的动态压缩曲线均呈内凹型,只存在一个极值点.折叠型瓦楞复合材料适合于重型、表面硬度较大的产品包装;交叉叠置瓦楞复合材料和平行叠置瓦楞复合材料适合于表面硬度差、易碎、脆值小的产品包装;瓦楞/蜂窝/瓦楞复合材料适合于质量不大,且表面硬度较低、易碎、脆值较小的产品.     

玻璃-环氧圆柱壳吸能特性的试验研究

主要研究[±H]5 玻璃-环氧圆柱壳在轴向压缩载荷作用下的吸能特性。通过试验研究, 分析了纤维缠绕角度对能量吸收性能的影响; 比较了不同纤维缠绕角度的圆柱壳在不同加载条件下的压缩过程、压碎破坏模式及吸能能力。      

复合材料机身结构件冲击模拟与吸能特性研究

对具有吸能子地板的全复合材料机身结构进行了垂直向7.9m/s的抗坠毁数值模拟,得到平均加速度、速度及撞击载荷值等动态冲击参数,考虑采用不同的评价方法来评估其抗坠毁特性。并对全复合材料机身结构进行分块设计,考虑在冲击过程中起关键作用的底部结构中加入吸能泡沫,最后利用专业的瞬态动力学软件对有限元设计模型进行了冲击模拟,并与测试结果进行了比较,结果满足抗坠毁设计相应规范要求。计算得到的平均加速度不超过13g,其相对误差不大于11%,撞击载荷最大不超过6kN,坠毁平均负加速度持续时间不超过0.03s,结果较合理。利用本模型可以指导直升机的抗坠毁设计。     

玻璃-环氧圆柱壳的撞击吸能分析

玻璃-环氧圆柱壳(管) 的撞击试验表明它的破坏是渐进过程。根据一维应力波传播理论,提出了圆柱壳受轴向撞击破坏的简化模型, 分析了这一破坏过程中的能量变化。结果表明本文中所提出的模型能较好地描述圆柱壳受轴向撞击吸能过程。      

碳纤维增强环氧树脂复合材料圆管多胞填充结构吸能特性的准静态压缩试验

针对现有研究对复合材料多胞结构吸能特性研究的不足,提出了一种由多根小尺寸的单根碳纤维增强环氧树脂复合材料圆管(Single CFRP tube,SCT)填充进大尺寸碳管组成的多胞填充结构(Multicellular filling structure,MFS),并分别对SCT和MFS进行了单次全行程加载和多次分段加载的准静态压缩,分析了其压缩破坏模式和吸能特性。研究结果表明:MFS最外侧碳管破坏模式与SCT破坏形式相似,且单次全行程压缩与多次分段压缩的破坏模式没有明显区别,但MFS最外侧碳管由于内部碳管及碎屑的挤压呈现出明显的径向变形;相对于单次全行程压缩过程,SCT及MFS多次分段压缩时的总耗能量更多;本次研究的SCT试件最大比吸能为86.0 J/g,最小比吸能为59.3 J/g,然而由于MFS最外侧管件的比吸能低,导致其比吸能在69.8~75.9 J/g之间,小于单管根碳管的最大比吸能,但进一步研究可知,合适的外部约束形式和内部碳管数量可使MFS比吸能高于SCT的最大比吸能。      

泡沫铝填充薄壁金属管结构冲击吸能特性研究

目的 为了研究静动态加载下泡沫铝填充薄壁金属管结构吸能特性随泡沫铝密度的变化规律。方法利用材料试验机对3种不同密度的泡沫铝填充薄壁金属管结构进行准静态压缩,利用Taylor–Hopkinson实验装置对相同结构进行动态压缩实验,基于电测和光测法获得结构的静动态压缩载荷位移曲线,对载荷位移曲线进行积分得到结构的静动态吸能特性。结果 准静态压缩下,随着泡沫铝密度的增加,泡沫铝填充薄壁管结构能量吸收能力近似成指数增加。动态压缩下,结构能量吸收能力随泡沫铝密度增加先保持不变后增加。结论 准静态压缩下,在薄壁金属管中添加泡沫铝能明显增加泡沫铝填充薄壁金属管结构能量吸收能力,但在动态压缩下,低密度泡沫铝的添加无益于增加结构的能量吸收能力,为增加薄壁金属管的吸能能力需要求泡沫铝的密度超过一定值。     

内凹-星型三维负泊松比结构设计及冲击吸能特性

负泊松比结构因其反常的变形机制在缓冲吸能领域具有可观的应用前景。该文设计并表征了一种参数可调的新型负泊松比结构。采用理论和数值模拟相结合的研究手段,系统地研究了结构的静/动态力学性能和吸能特性。研究结果表明：新结构具有较好的力学性能和参数可调性;在静态压缩条件下,新型蜂窝结构具有更高的刚度和更优异的吸能性能,其比吸能值是内凹型蜂窝结构的2.64倍,是星型蜂窝结构的3.89倍;在动态冲击条件下,内凹-星型结构的吸能性能在低速时优于两种传统蜂窝结构(内凹和星型),在中高速时其吸能优势有所退化,与内凹型蜂窝结构相当,但远高于星型蜂窝结构。     

碳纤维-玻璃纤维混杂增强环氧树脂三维编织复合材料薄壁圆管压溃吸能特性与损伤机制

基于三维编织成型及真空辅助树脂传递成型技术,制备了编织纱和轴纱不同混杂方式(编织纱/轴纱:碳纤维-碳纤维(CF-CF)、碳纤维-玻璃纤维(CF-GF);玻璃纤维-碳纤维(GF-CF))增强环氧树脂(EP)的三类三维编织复合材料薄壁圆管,通过准静态轴向压溃及详细的破坏断面观察,研究了纤维混杂方式对薄壁圆管的能量吸收性能和破坏模式的影响。研究发现:CF-CF/EP样品的比能量吸收值分别比GF-CF/EP大36%,比CF-GF/EP大12%。编织纱为碳纤维时(CF-CF/EP及CF-GF/EP),圆管的破坏模式均为折叠破坏模式,编织纱采用碳纤维能有效地遏制中央裂纹的轴向扩展,折叠变形的三维结构内部发生了较多细小的微观破坏。而编织纱为玻璃纤维的GF-CF/EP,破坏模式则为开花内外弯曲式,中央裂纹产生,三维结构呈现分层并向圆管内外弯曲。      

泡沫铝变形与吸能特性研究

目的研究密度、孔洞分布以及加载应变率对泡沫铝材料变形行为和吸能特性的影响。方法对3种不同密度范围的泡沫铝材料进行不同应变率下的压缩实验研究。结果实验结果显示,在10 mm/min加载速率下,密度范围为0.27~0.33 g/cm3和0.47~0.53 g/cm3的泡沫铝材料平均屈服应力分别为1.3和7.2MPa,平均应变能密度分别为0.8和3.8 MJ/m3。此外,密度为0.453 g/m3但孔洞分布不均匀的泡沫铝应变能密度为3.26 MJ/m3,密度为0.449 g/m3但孔洞分布均匀的泡沫铝应变能密度为3.84 MJ/m3。结论随着密度的增加,泡沫材料的屈服应力以及对应于不同应变时的应力均增加,而孔洞分布均匀的泡沫材料的能量吸收能力明显优于孔洞分布不均匀的泡沫材料,此外,加载速度对泡沫材料的应力应变行为有一定的影响,但对其能量吸收能力并无影响。     

Effect of fiber orientation on energy absorption characteristics of glass cloth/epoxy composite tubes under axial quasi-static and impact crushing condition

The collapse characteristics and energy absorption capability of composite tubes made of 759/5224 woven glass cloth/epoxy with different fiber orientations were studied in the present article under axial quasi-static and impact crushing condition. The effects of fiber orientation and loading condition on the crushing modes and energy absorption capability were discussed in detail. The fiber orientation could be found to have significant influences on energy absorption performance. Based on results, the energy absorption capability could be improved by selecting proper fiber orientation. The energy absorption capability in impact crushing tests could be found to be slightly lower than that in quasi-static crushing tests.     

薄壁开孔圆管在轴向荷载作用下的理论研究

研究薄壁开孔圆管的轴向耐撞性有助于其在缓冲、吸能领域的广泛应用。通过分别考虑开孔区域和未开孔区域的能量吸收特征并引入材料的应变强化效应,根据塑性铰理论建立了轴向荷载下开孔圆管轴对称压溃模式的理论模型,得到了弯曲应变能、拉伸应变能、平均压溃力、比吸能的解析表达式。分析结果表明:该理论模型的预测结果与数值和实验结果相吻合;正则化平均压溃力会随半皱褶长细比的降低而显著增加;单层孔数对正则化平均压溃力的影响会随管壁厚度的增加或孔半径的减小而降低;比吸能可通过减少单层孔数或减小孔半径提高。     

Dynamic energy absorption characteristics of foam-filled conical tubes under oblique impact loading

This paper treats the crush behaviour and energy absorption response of foam-filled conical tubes subjected to oblique impact loading. Dynamic computer simulation techniques validated by experimental testing are used to carry out a parametric study of such devices. The study aims at quantifying the energy absorption of empty and foam-filled conical tubes under oblique impact loading, for variations in the load angle and geometry parameters of the tube. It is evident that foam-filled conical tubes are preferable as impact energy absorbers due to their ability to withstand oblique impact loads as effectively as axial impact loads. Furthermore, it is found that the energy absorption capacity of filled tubes is better maintained compared to that of empty tubes as the load orientation increases. The primary outcome of this study is design information for the use of foam-filled conical tubes as energy absorbers where oblique impact loading is expected.     

圆-方异形截面复合材料管件物能量吸收机制

圆形截面复合材料管件物的能量吸收性能比方形截面管件物更加优越,但具有平整表面的方形管件物更容易与其他部件相装配,即方管在实际运用中更具优势。结合圆形与方形管件物的各自优势,以碳纤维为增强体,环氧树脂为基体,利用编织成型方法以及真空辅助树脂传递成型技术制备出编织角度为15°和60°的3类复合材料圆-方形管件物,编号为T15-15、T15-60及T60-60。通过准静态压缩实验研究了3类管件物的能量吸收性能,发现通过合理的编织角设计,可以利用周向纤维限制轴向中央裂纹的扩展,使复合材料内部更多的纤维发生断裂,从而提高纤维增强复合材料管件物的能量吸收性能。最终制备了集高能量吸收性能与易装配性于一身的圆-方异形截面复合材料管件物。     

复合材料圆柱壳轴压屈曲性能分析

对完整复合材料圆柱壳轴向压缩性能进行了试验研究,得到了圆柱壳结构的破坏载荷和各测量点的载荷-应变曲线,通过分析得出结构的破坏形式为屈曲破坏。利用ANSYS有限元软件建立了模型,对复合材料圆柱壳进行屈曲分析,将有限元计算的结构变形和屈曲载荷与试验结果进行对比,计算结果与试验结果一致,验证了模型的有效性。利用建立的有限元模型,分析了开口尺寸和铺层角度对含矩形开口的复合材料圆柱壳屈曲载荷的影响。在开口处加装复合材料口盖对结构进行补强,补强后的柱壳结构满足强度设计要求。     

Impact energy absorption characteristics of composite structures

The tensile and compressive tests of glass–epoxy composites with 1–200 s⁻¹ strain rates which are typical strain rate range during automobile crash accidents were performed in order to measure the strength variation with respect to strain rate. The tests were performed using both a horizontal type pneumatic impact tester and a conventional dynamic universal test machine with strain-rate-increase mechanisms. Also, the impact energy absorption characteristics of glass fiber reinforced composites were estimated using the newly proposed progressive impact fracture model. From the experiments and predictions, it was found that the proposed method predicted relatively well the experimental results.     

Dynamic simulation and energy absorption of tapered thin-walled tubes under oblique impact loading

In real-world impact loading situations the structure could be subjected to both axial and off-axis loads. Tapered thin-walled rectangular tubes have been considered desirable impact energy absorbers due to their ability to withstand oblique impact loads as effectively as axial loads. Despite this, relatively few studies have been reported on the response of such structures under oblique loading. The aim of this paper is to compare the energy absorption response of straight and tapered thin-walled rectangular tubes under oblique impact loading, for variations in the load angle, impact velocity and tube dimensions. It is found that the mean load and energy absorption decrease significantly as the angle of applied load increases. Nevertheless, tapering a rectangular tube enhances its energy absorption capacity under oblique loading. The outcome of the study is design information for the use of straight and tapered thin-walled rectangular tubes as energy absorbers in applications where oblique impact loading is expected.     

填充泡沫铝的多层铝管动态压溃吸能特性研究

采用数值模拟的方法研究和分析了无填充物的多层铝管结构的吸能特性,结果发现多层铝管相比单层铝管,不但具有较大的吸能量,而且还具有较高的比吸能率;在此基础上,设计了不同层数的多层管泡沫铝填充结构,研究发现泡沫铝不但受轴向压溃变形,同时也受到了铝管层之间的相互作用力使其在径向发生了变形;之后对多层管填充3种不同密度的泡沫铝,采用变参分析的方法研究了多层管层数和泡沫铝密度对整个结构吸能特性的影响;研究结果表明:填充泡沫铝的多层管,随着层数的增加,其比吸能率和吸能量也随之有所增加,随着泡沫铝密度的提高,比吸能率的提高量开始下降,但仍高于填充相同泡沫铝的单层管。     

编织复合材料圆管准静态轴向压缩吸能特性的试验研究

通过二维三向编织复合材料圆管的轴向准静态压缩试验, 分析了编织复合材料圆管的压缩破坏机理和吸能特性, 并探讨了编织参数对吸能特性的影响。试验中观察到4种破坏模式: 分瓣破坏、 局部屈曲、 块状断裂和突发破坏。在纤维体积分数相同的情况下, 随着编织层数的增加和编织角的减小, 圆管的吸能能力有所提高。二维三向编织复合材料圆管是一种较好的吸能材料, 具有较高的单位质量吸能特性。      

Comparative analysis of energy absorption behavior of tapered and grooved thin-walled tubes with the various geometry of the cross section

ABSTRACT

In this paper, Crush force efficiency (CFE), Specific Energy Absorption (SEA), Energy Absorption per Crush Length (E_cl), Maximum and average crush forces of straight and grooved tapered thin-walled tubes with various cross-section shapes (circle, ellipse, square, rectangle, hexagon, and octagon) have been studied. The effects of taper, the groove (as initiator) and their interaction have been presented in the current study using Finite Element Method as a numerical method. The tubes have the same volume, height, average cross-section area, thickness and material and have been subjected to axial and oblique dynamic loading. The results of simulations show that the section's geometry, taper and groove addition have a significant effect on energy absorption behavior and the hexagon cross section have better energy absorption behavior compared with other considered geometries. On the other hand, it was found that the behavior of these structures could improve against dynamic axial and oblique impact loading with the cost-effective geometry modifications. These results could help to improve and choose appropriate energy absorber structure based on desirable crush force and energy absorbing characteristics.