光电测量系统中的实时调平补偿方法

为了使测量设备快速进入测量状态,减小因倾斜带来的测量误差,结合工程实际应用,根据光学成像理论,利用水平倾角仪测量的角度值,建立了一个实时调平补偿的数学模型.根据不同的测量设备确定其补偿算法,可对测量设备在一定的倾角范围内倾斜时进行实时补偿,并进行了实验验证.实验结果表明,测量设备在倾角α=0.325°,β=0.896°倾斜情况下,经过实时补偿可将系统测量误差由0.126%提高到0.026%.     

光电测量系统中的实时调平补偿方法

为了使测量设备快速进入测量状态,减小因倾斜带来的测量误差,结合工程实际应用,根据光学成像理论,利用水平倾角仪测量的角度值,建立了一个实时调平补偿的数学模型．根据不同的测量设备确定其补偿算法,可对测量设备在一定的倾角范围内倾斜时进行实时补偿,并进行了实验验证．实验结果表明,测量设备在倾角α=0．325°,β=0．896°倾斜情况下,经过实时补偿可将系统测量误差由0．126％提高到0．026％．     

负载牵引系统校准结果性能评价方法研究

针对采用标准失配衰减网络实现负载牵引测量系统校准时,转换增益测量误差△GT作为校准结果无法直观反映系统测量输出功率(Pout)以及功率附加效率(PAE)的测量性能问题.通过在后端模块的负载端插入经校准的精密极化步进衰减器对△GT进行衰减替代测量,给出了校准结果△GT与Pout及PAE变化量的曲线族,方便设计师快速获取系...     

电视图像传感器检测平台的研制

为了准确、客观评价面阵CCD器件和整机多项性能参数,研制了电视图像传感器试验检测平台系统.整套系统装置采用组合式的设计理念,由两部分构成,电视图像传感器性能参数测试系统测量噪声、响应度、饱和照度、阈照度、动态范围、系统信噪比(SNR)、信号传递函数(SiTF)、均匀性等,其测试系统误差为4.28%;电视图像传感器成像系统组件定标与试验检测系统测量系统调制传递函数(MTF)、系统畸变、视场角与焦距、系统分辨率、系统光学同轴度等,其系统误差为4.48%.     

双刀口扫描法测量可见光CCD调制传递函数

介绍了一种新型的刀口扫描法测量可见光CCD的调制传递函数(MTF),首次采用1∶1的无像差光学系统,消除了测量光学系统MTF所带来的较大不确定度分量;采用双刀口方法和动态定焦扫描法,提高了测量效率和精度.     

投影机镜头的MTF实时检测系统

目前还没有标准的方法来检测投影机镜头的MTF,为此我们提出了一种基于图像分析的投影机镜头MTF实时测试系统.本系统使用CCD作为成像接收器,采用基于图像分析的方法,通过分析单个像素成像同时获得投影镜头子午和弧矢两个方向上的调制传递函数(MTF).阐述了整个测试系统的构造及理论框架,着重分析了系统参数标定的重要性以及如何正确地进行系统参数标定;全面分析了影响测试结果的因素以及如何正确快速地修正噪声的影响.检测了质量合格与质量不合格的投影机镜头,并将结果同设计值的进行比较,实验结果表明了本系统及其处理方法的有效性.     

CMOS APS图像传感器的像质分析

使用标准CMOS制作工艺生产的有源像素传感器（APS）引起了广泛关注。为了确定CMOS APS成像系统设计的主要参数选择的正确性，以及能否满足要求或指标，需要对相机系统的像质进行分析。考虑到CMOS APS图像传感器与CCD的不同，在分析时计算了CMOS APS成像系统中的镜头、滤光片和焦平面的调制传递函数（MTF），系统MTF曲线为各个部分MTF值之积。在系统截止频率范围内，利用MTF曲线所围面积的大小来评价系统的成像质量。在系统制造之前，用调制传递函数作为像质的评价方法，看其是否符合使用要求，是十分有价值的工作。     

双远心影像系统在微小结构测量中的应用

为适应精密元器件微小结构测量的需求,建立一种基于线结构光扫描的影像测量系统。系统采用自行研制的低畸变(优于0.02%)、大景深(大于5 mm)双远心光学镜头,在景深范围内,物像映射矩阵呈现良好的线性关系。对测量图像噪声抑制方法及结构光图像中线提取算法进行研究,用线性映射算法还原工件轮廓,实现微小结构的快捷测量。为保证测量的稳定,系统选择线激光光源并引入窄带滤光片,有效抑制背景噪声,在5 mm量程内,一阶误差补偿后的测量误差控制在-10~10μm内。测量系统对工件定位要求低,适用于精密零件台阶、倾角及微小异型面的常规测量,可满足基本的工业及计量检测要求。     

基于MTF的十字线目标自动调焦算法

十字线目标作为调焦系统中的常见目标,其调焦精度是影响调焦系统测量结果的关键因素。传统的调焦函数在灵敏度和实时性方面不能完全满足自动调焦要求。基于调制传递函数(modulation transfer function,MTF)的自动调焦算法通过连续测量多幅图像在固定频率下的MTF值绘制调焦曲线,得到调焦曲线的唯一极值点即正焦位置;在Matlab运行环境下,与现有算法进行比较,结果表明,基于数字图像MTF的调焦函数可实现单张图片的清晰度值计算仅用0.01s,该算法实时性更好、灵敏度更高,具有应用价值。     

LuAG:Ce,Mg闪烁陶瓷的X射线平板探测器成像研究

采用固相反应法结合真空烧结技术制备了具有高光学质量高闪烁效率的(Lu,Ce,Mg)3Al5O12(LuAG:0.3at%Ce,0.2at%Mg)闪烁陶瓷。将20 mm×20 mm×0.05 mm的陶瓷薄片用含有石墨粉的硅胶粘接在尺寸为25 mm×25 mm×4 mm的石墨基底上,再激光加工切割成50μm×50μm、间距10μm的正方形阵列,进行X射线平板探测器成像研究,并分别采用铅线对卡法和刀口法对陶瓷闪烁探测器的成像质量进行表征。结果表明:陶瓷闪烁体制备的平板探测器成像清晰锐利,铅线对卡法测试激光切割样品10 lp/mm下MTF可达17.5%。刀口法测试激光切割样品MTF为10%时,分辨率可达9 lp/mm。该闪烁陶瓷具有在平板探测器上应用的潜力。     

中波红外全景成像仪线扩散函数的模拟分析与验证

线扩散函数是评价成像系统成像质量的一个重要参数,线扩散函数的模拟分析与验证对成像仪的研制至关重要。本文首先分析中波红外全景成像仪探测器所接收到的辐亮度,从理论上估算了全景成像仪的线扩散函数,然后通过斜缝法加以验证,试验结果证实了理论模型的正确性。并对线扩散函数经离散傅里叶变换计算而得MTF传递函数,结果与理论得出的系统MTF基本符合,进一步证明了这种模拟分析方法的可行性。     

空气中爆炸冲击波曲线重建方法

为有效重建冲击波超压曲线,提出了一种空气中冲击波曲线重建方法,利用Gauss-Newton算法对实测冲击波曲线进行非线性回归,目标参数按梯度迭代获取最佳回归曲线,间接得到实测曲线的衰减系数;在地面以爆源为原点建立直角坐标系,测点曲线的峰值、衰减系数与测点坐标具有多项式函数关系,通过Zippel插值算法获取其中各项系数的全局最优解,反演未知测点的衰减系数及超压峰值,重建冲击波曲线。研究表明,重建曲线与原始曲线的平均误差在17%以内。     

Measurement of the modulation transfer function of digital X-ray detectors with an opaque edge-test device

A variant of the edge method for the determination of the pre-sampled modulation transfer function (MTF) of digital X-ray imaging devices has been developed and accepted as the standard method in the novel DQE measurement standard IEC 62220-1. An opaque tungsten edge-test device accomplishes the ideal step-like profile of the incident X rays. The edge spread function is measured over a large region across the edge transition that enables an accurate MTF measurement including the 'low-frequency drop'. The method has been applied to different state-of-the-art X-ray imaging detectors, a computed radiography, a CsI-based indirect and an Se-based direct flat-panel detector. The MTF measurement results will be presented. In contrast to the opaque edge device, the commonly used semi-transparent edge-test devices produce scatter radiation that deteriorates the incident X-ray profile, which leads to a systematic overestimation of the MTF.     

CTP成像系统的MTF测量评价研究

分析了MTF测量的正弦光栅法和倾斜刃边法,总结了2种方法的优缺点,并分别用2种方法对一简单成像系统的MTF进行了测量,然后将结果与ISO标准进行了对比。结果表明,用倾斜刃边法测量不仅操作简单、易控制,测量结果也更精确。     

Comparative analysis of techniques for measuring the modulation transfer functions of charge-coupled devices based on the generation of laser speckle

Two methods for measuring the modulation transfer function (MTF) of a charge-coupled device (CCD) that are based on the generation of laser speckle are analyzed and compared. The method based on a single-slit aperture is a quick method, although the measurements are limited to values of less than the Nyquist frequency of the device. The double-slit method permits the measurement of values of as much as some 1.8 times the Nyquist frequency, although it is a slower method because of the necessity to move the CCD. The difference between the MTF values obtained with the two methods is less than 0.1 in magnitude; the root-mean-square error between the two curves is 0.046 (4.6%).     

Modulation transfer function evaluation of linear solid-state x-ray-sensitive detectors using edge techniques

The exact determination of the modulation transfer function (MTF) of a physical system is a persistent problem. We present a practical method of measuring numerically the MTF of linear solid-state x-ray-sensitive detectors. The method is based on the use of edge techniques and allows us to obtain the MTF of a linear detector from its edge-spread function (ESF). ESF measurement techniques are discussed in detail, and calculation of the corresponding MTF's are shown.     

Algorithm of locating the sphere center imaging point based on novel edge model and Zernike moments for vision measurement

High accuracy of locating the sphere center imaging points is crucial for the vision measurement system. This paper investigates the effect of projection projective model on extraction of the sphere center, upon which the sub-pixel edge-location algorithm based on the sphere projection model is proposed. The sphere center projection model is established by analysing the process of sphere imaging, and the sub-pixel edge-location algorithm consisted of the novel edge model and the improved Zernike moment computing is studied. The novel edge model based on the Erf (error function) is adopted for modelling the practical edge part, which obtains the edge distribution points with high precision. Then a closed-form solution of edge locating error compensation is calculated based on Zernike moments. Finally, the proposed method is verified via simulations and experiments. The relevant results show that the proposed method can accurately locate the sphere center imaging point, which further improves the precision and robustness of the vision measurement system.     

直线导轨滚转角测量误差自校正方法

提出一种具有滚转角测量自动校正功能的五自由度运动误差测量系统,解决了平行双光束法在测量滚转角误差时受光束平行度影响较大的问题。介绍了平行双光束法测量五自由度运动误差的原理,建立了关于双光束平行度误差与滚转角测量误差间的模型,提出了基于双自准直单元的双光束平行度误差测量方法。实验结果表明:双光束之间存在15.4″的平行度误差时,可以将滚转角测量误差的残差由44″减小到2.7″。该校正方法有效提高了双光束测量滚转角的准确性,可用于直线导轨运动误差的在线监测。     

Modulation transfer function assessment for sampled imaging systems: effect of intensity variations in periodic thin-line targets

Different techniques have been proposed to assess the modulation transfer function (MTF) of sampled imaging systems. Some of these are based on the use of periodic targets made up of thin lines or points. The main potential problem of implementation concerning these methods is the fact that, in specific experiments, it may be difficult to ensure a good balance in intensity between the individual lines or points. An analytical model permitting a first estimation of the actual importance of this problem is presented. The error in the MTF assessment for two generic cameras is then estimated, taking into account the experimental process.     

基于图像处理的声相云图评价方法研究

基于图像处理,提出了声相云图评价方法,用于评价声相仪的声源定位误差。分析了声相仪的成像原理,提出将方位角误差和俯仰角误差作为声相云图声源定位误差的评价指标。利用差影法提取声相云图的声源定位成像区域,并经过灰度二值化、腐蚀膨胀和加权平均之后,计算出成像区域中心的像素坐标。在声相仪不同抓拍距离平面内,通过图像标定得到成像区域中心在实际物理空间上的位置坐标,将其与所定位的声源实际位置坐标相比较,计算得到方位角误差和俯仰角误差。实验结果表明,该方法所得方位角和俯仰角与声源实际位置坐标计算所得到的真实值相比,两者差异较小,能够客观地对声相仪的声源定位误差进行评价,且操作简单。