聚醚/二苯甲酮侧基聚硅氧烷的膜形貌及亲疏水行为

用原子力显微镜AFM等仪器研究了单晶硅表面聚醚(PE)/二苯甲酮衍生物(UV)侧基聚硅氧烷PE-PUVSi的膜形貌及亲、疏水特性,探讨了空气湿度对PE-PUVSi膜形貌及表面性能的影响。结果表明,在单晶硅表面PE-PUVSi形成的硅膜呈非均一、微观相分离结构,其中UV侧基以直立纤细尖峰态分布在聚硅氧烷膜表面,而亲水性PE侧基则卷曲堆积成峰包。将PE-PUVSi硅膜在相对湿度(RH)为97%的空气中放置2.5 h,PE-PUVSi膜表面因吸附水而亲水性增加,其原有的纤细尖峰消失,而且膜表面平均粗糙度降低。     

二苯甲酮衍生物侧基聚硅氧烷的性能与成膜形态

用原子力显微镜AFM等仪器研究了二苯甲酮衍生物侧基聚硅氧烷(PUV S i)的性能和成膜形态。结果表明,PUV S i具有非晶态结构,可形成形态学不均一、表面粗糙的硅膜。聚硅氧烷侧链上的二苯甲酮衍生物基团及其含量可影响PUV S i的性能。当侧基质量分数从31.48%降低至12.87%,PUV S i的摩尔消光系数mξax从3.4564×105下降至1.5763×105,但聚硅氧烷相应的柔软性能增加。     

纳米ATO/PVB隔热透明原位复合材料的制备及性能

利用超声波将经表面预处理的纳米氧化锡锑(ATO)粒子均匀分散到聚乙烯醇(PVA)水溶液中,与正丁醛缩合反应,原位法制备了一系列纳米ATO/聚乙烯醇缩丁醛(PVB)复合材料。采用FTIR、UV/VIS/NIR、TG、TEM及AFM等对所制备的原位纳米ATO/PVB复合材料的结构、微观形貌及性能进行了研究。结果表明: 在合成PVB树脂的阶段添加少量纳米ATO粒子,能更均匀地分散在PVB基质中,所制备的复合材料薄膜的紫外线及近红外光透过率大幅度下降,而可见光透过率降低幅度较小,且随纳米ATO用量增加,紫外屏蔽及隔热性能不断提高。在纳米ATO用量(与PVB质量比为2.76%)较低时,纳米ATO/PVB复合材料的力学性能尤其韧性得到明显提高,断裂伸长率达到纯PVB的7.3倍; 在ATO与PVB质量比为1.74%时,可见光透过率高于70%,紫外光透过率低于10%,近红外光热辐射透过率低于28%,导热系数为0.23 W(m·K)^-1,与纯PVB相比,用纳米ATO/PVB复合材料胶膜所制盖板的隔热空腔内温度下降5.5℃,具有良好的透明度、紫外屏蔽及隔热性能。     

二苯甲酮吸附量对HDPE表面光接枝丙烯酸的影响

研究了以二苯甲酮(BP)为光敏剂时,BP吸附量对HDPE光接枝丙烯酸(AA)的影响。BP在252nm处存在紫外(UV)特征吸收峰,根据吸收峰强度测定了HDPE表面BP的吸附量。研究发现,BP吸附量随预覆液中BP质量分数的增加而增加,当质量分数为3%时,吸附量达到最大值,此后吸附量不随BP的增加而变化。随BP吸附量增加,HDPE的接枝率增加,当BP吸附量为2.82×10-8mol/cm2时,接枝率由未预覆BP时的5%增加到22.5%,接枝效率也由44%提高到90%。接枝可改善HDPE膜的亲水性,接枝率为10%时,膜表面对水的接触角由未接枝时的83°降为36°     

聚醚接枝丙烯酸树脂基凝胶聚合物电解质的制备及在电致变色器件中的应用

本工作以甲氧基聚乙二醇丙烯酸酯(PEGMEA)和聚氨酯丙烯酸树脂(PUA)为预聚体,离子液体1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑鎓双三氟甲磺酰亚胺盐(BMimTFSI)为添加剂,通过紫外光固化,构建了一种新型聚醚接枝丙烯酸树脂基凝胶聚合物电解质。通过傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、热重分析(TG)、紫外-可见吸收光谱(UV-Vis)和电化学测试(循环伏安)等方法对该凝胶聚合物电解质进行表征。结果表明,该类凝胶聚合物电解质不仅拥有优良的离子电导率,还具有高热稳定性、易封装和不易泄漏的优点。其中,BMimTFSI含量为59.5%(质量分数)、PUA/PEGMEA配比为4.96∶2.96(质量比)时凝胶聚合物的电解质综合性能最好,可见光透过率大于90%,热分解温度达到300℃,30℃时离子电导率达到2.17×10^-5 S/cm。基于该类凝胶聚合物电解质的电致变色器件展现出优良的性能,经36 000 s循环后,依然保持着稳定的蓝色态—透明态切换,且着色、褪色态的可见光透过率对比度仍高达48%,电解质质地柔软,热稳定性良好,可应用于电致变色器件。     

紫外辐照对玻纤增强树脂基复合材料冲蚀性能的影响

为了探讨紫外老化对玻璃纤维增强环氧乙烯基酯树脂基复合材料冲蚀性能的影响,对玻璃纤维增强环氧乙烯基酯树脂基复合材料进行人工紫外加速老化试验,并对不同老化时间下试样进行冲蚀;采用扫描电镜、红外光谱仪及差式扫描仪研究了老化前后材料表面形貌、化学结构以及玻璃化转变温度的变化,并分析了不同老化时间对试样巴氏硬度、质量损失率及冲蚀失重率的影响.结果表明：随着老化时间的增加试样表面发黄现象逐渐加剧,并出现树脂基体的开裂、剥离及纤维暴露;紫外老化7 d后试样的抗冲蚀性能提升了5.3%、巴氏硬度上升3%,但老化56 d后试样抗冲蚀性能下降了15.1%、巴氏硬度下降14.6%;老化56 d后试样玻璃化转变温度上升9.3 ℃.紫外老化是一个由表及里的过程,首先造成表层树脂性能的下降;紫外老化引起树脂基体的分解、玻璃纤维与树脂基体界面的脱黏、树脂基体的脆化,进而导致材料抗冲蚀性能的下降.     

聚合型紫外线吸收剂接枝涤纶织物的抗老化改性研究

合成了一种具有紫外线吸收性能的单体2-羟基-4-丙烯酯基二苯甲酮(HAB),采用传统的轧烘焙(PDC)方法将该紫外线吸收剂接枝到涤纶织物上,以改善织物的抗老化性能。探究了不同因素对接枝效果的影响。优化的整理工艺为:引发剂过氧化苯甲酰(BPO)质量浓度0.2%,紫外线吸收剂用量10%,50℃预烘5min后于120℃焙烘5min。整理织物的增重率达到(8.6±0.8)%。接枝后的织物用红外光谱和扫描电镜进行表征,并测试了抗老化性能。结果表明,整理织物的UPF(紫外线防护系数)达197±13,在紫外光照射300h后织物强力保留率为(60.5±3.6)%,较未整理织物提高了21.8%。     

铂催化剂对液体硅橡胶性能的影响研究

以乙烯基MQ硅树脂、含氢硅油、氯铂酸-异丙醇和炔基环己醇为原料,制备高强度、高透紫外线硅橡胶,研究了催化剂用量对硅橡胶固化过程、力学性能和光学性能的影响。研究表明:催化剂用量的增加可提高反应速率;催化剂用量在0.2%~1%(wt,质量分数,下同)之间增加时,力学性能得到显著提高;超过1%时,力学性能提高的不明显。随着催化剂用量的增加,紫外透过率会下降,比如在350nm波长时,催化剂用量从0.2%增加到1.2%,紫外透过率会从93.2%下降到89%。     

MOF-199/聚乳酸复合薄膜的制备及性能研究

目的 探索功能配合物MOF-199对聚乳酸（PLA）的改性作用以及MOF-199添加量对PLA薄膜性能的影响。方法 采用溶液共混流延的方式将MOF-199与PLA复合制备复合薄膜,采用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、红外光谱（IR）研究复合薄膜的表面形貌和组分,通过测试复合薄膜的色差、透光率、雾度、力学性能、水蒸气透过率及紫外可见吸收光谱等,研究MOF-199含量对复合薄膜性能的影响。结果 随着MOF-199添加比例的增大,复合薄膜的水蒸气透过率先升高后降低,最大值为1.186×10–13 g?cm/(m2?s?Pa),各复合薄膜的透光率均在91%以上,最大断裂伸长率基本在2.1%~2.5%之间,拉伸强度降低,紫外吸收能力逐渐增大。与纯PLA薄膜相比,当MOF-199的质量分数为5.0%时,复合薄膜在210 nm处的紫外吸光度提高了约1.6倍。结论 配合物MOF-199的加入可提高PLA复合薄膜的抗紫外性能和水蒸气透过性能,制备的复合薄膜在抗紫外及气调包装领域具有潜在应用价值。     

改性超支化聚酰胺HBPAMAM-EP的制备及复合物在棉织物上的应用

采用环氧氯丙烷对端氨基超支化聚酰胺(HBPAMAM)进行端基改性,制得端环氧基超支化聚酰胺(HBPAMAM-EP),并将其与ZnO复合应用于棉织物整理,制备成具有多功能性的棉织物。结果表明,当HBPAMAM与环氧氯丙烷比例为1∶28,开环反应温度55℃,闭环反应温度30℃,催化剂50%KOH 4 mL时制得的产物环氧值和产率都较高。经HBPAMAM-EP-ZnO复合整理的棉织物抗紫外性能表现优良(紫外线防护系数UPF为50+);改性棉织物在紫外灯照射下光催化降解亚甲基蓝MB,3 h降解率为99.49%;经HBPAMAM-EP和HBPAMAM-EP-ZnO整理的棉织物折皱回复角接近270°(未处理棉织物折皱回复角为179°),抗折皱性能明显增强。同时,经耐水洗测试表明经HBPAMAM-EP-ZnO整理的棉织物在洗涤30次,依旧能具有较好的抗紫外(UPF>50)、抗皱性能(折皱回复角210°左右),光催化性能(洗涤50次后降解率75%)。     

Superhydrophobic and ultraviolet-blocking cotton textiles

Cotton textile was coated with ZnO@SiO(2) nanorods in order to obtain superhydrophobic and ultraviolet (UV)-blocking properties. The coating process was conducted in mild conditions, which involved the low-temperature preparation of ZnO seeds, hydrothermal growth of ZnO nanorods, bioinspired layer-by-layer deposition of a SiO(2) shell on the surface of ZnO nanorods, and hydrophobic modification of ZnO@SiO(2) nanorods with octadecyltrimethoxysilane. Despite the highly curved morphology of cotton fibers, the ZnO@SiO(2) nanorods coated the textile densely and uniformly. The treated cotton textile was found to have a large UV protection factor (UPF = 101.51) together with UV-durable superhydrophobicity, as determined by contact-angle measurement under long-term UV irradiation. The good UV-blocking property can be ascribed to the high UV absorbance and scattering properties of ZnO nanorods, and the UV-durable superhydrophobicity is a result of suppression of the photoactivity of ZnO nanorods by a SiO(2) shell.     

仿生超疏水棉织物的制备与表面分析

以荷叶表面微/纳米结构为参考模型,先用硅溶胶处理天然棉织物,再用N-β-氨乙基-γ-氨丙基聚二甲基硅氧烷(ASO-1)对其进行修饰,获得了微/纳米二元粗糙的超疏水织物,水滴在该织物表面接触角可达160.5°。场发射扫描电子显微镜(FE-SEM)观察发现超疏水纤维表面存在大量均匀分布的纳米微凸体。接触角分析表明织物织造过程中形成的微米级粗糙度和ASO-1膜的存在是织物疏水的主要原因,纳米微凸体能减少纤维与水的接触面积,提高水在纤维表面的接触角,使织物由疏水转变为超疏水。最后用X射线光电子能谱仪(XPS)证实了纤维表面SiO2粒子和ASO-1膜的存在。     

聚乙烯醇复合薄膜的抗紫外线性能

目的研究聚乙烯醇(PVA)复合薄膜(添加紫外线阻隔剂)的紫外线透过率和透明性能。方法将不同种类、不同质量分数的紫外线阻隔剂与PVA原料混合制备复合薄膜,检测其紫外线透过率、透光率、雾度。结果添加有机紫外线吸收剂UV-284后,薄膜能够有效阻隔大部分紫外线,但影响薄膜的外观,复合薄膜呈黄色。无机的紫外线阻隔剂在PVA薄膜中容易发生颗粒团聚,当Nano-Ti O2的质量分数为2.5%时,复合薄膜的平均紫外线透过率达到2%左右,若再增加质量分数则紫外线透过率变化不大。结论紫外线阻隔剂有效降低了PVA薄膜的紫外线透过率,但同时复合薄膜的透光率降低,雾度上升。综合比较,PVA薄膜中添加Nano-Ti O2的紫外线阻隔效果,比加入相同质量分数的UV-284或Nano-Zn O的复合薄膜要好。     

Zinc oxide nanowire enhanced multifunctional coatings for cotton fabrics

Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanowires have been grown on cotton fabric to impart self-cleaning, superhydrophobicity and ultraviolet (UV) blocking properties. ZnO nanowires were grown by the microwave assisted hydrothermal method and subsequently functionalized with steraic acid to obtain a water contact angle of 150°, showing their superhydrophobic nature which is found to be stable up to 4 washings. UV protection of the resulting cotton fabric was also examined and significant decrease in the transmission of UV range was observed. Self-cleaning activity of the ZnO nanowire coated cotton fabric was also studied and it showed considerable degradation of methylene blue under UV light irradiation. These results suggest that ZnO nanowires could form ideal multifunctional coatings for textiles.     

Photocatalytic activity and UV-protection of TiO2 nanocoatings on poly(lactic acid) fibres deposited by pulsed magnetron sputtering

The application of nanocoatings in the textile finishing is increasingly being explored because they open a whole new vista of value-addition possibilities in the textile sector. In the present work, low temperature pulsed DC magnetron sputtering method was used to create functional TiO2 nanocoatings on poly(lactic acid) textile fibres surfaces. In this study, the principal objectives in the application of TiO2 nanocoatings to textile materials are to impart UV protection functions and self-cleaning properties to the textile substrates. The TiO2 films were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, UV-visible spectroscopy and contact angle analysis. The Photocatalytic activity of the films was tested by measuring the photodegradation rates of rhodamine-B dye aqueous solution under UV light irradiation. The ultraviolet protection function was tested according to the Australian/New Zealand standards. It was observed that the TiO2 nanocoatings on poly(lactic acid) fibres showed an excellent ultraviolet protection (> 40) function and the photocatalytic efficiency was maintained even after a strong washing treatment.     

Graphene oxide-silver/cotton fiber fabric with anti-bacterial and anti-UV properties for wearable gas sensors

Wearable gas sensors can improve early warning provision for workers in special worksites and can also be used as flexible electronic platforms. Here, the flexible multifunctional gas sensor was prepared by grafting graphene oxide (GO)-Ag onto cotton fabric after swelling. The maximum bacterial inhibition rate of GO-150/cotton fabric was 95.6% for E. coli and 87.6% for S. aureus, while retaining the original high moisture permeability of cotton fabric. So GO/cotton fabric can resist the multiplication of bacteria. At the same time, GO can greatly improve the UV protection performance of cotton fabric used in garments. With increase of the GO concentration, the UV protection ability of composite fabric is enhanced. Finally, GO-Ag/cotton fabric sensors had stable NH₃ gas-sensitive properties and good washing stability. In conclusion, these cotton fabric sensors with antibacterial properties, UV resistance and highly sensitive gas-sensitive properties have potential applications in wearable early warning devices and textile products.     

碳纳米管/环氧丙烯酸酯紫外光固化涂层的制备及光阻隔性能

利用碳纳米管(CNTs)表面官能团与环氧丙烯酸酯(EA)齐聚物的反应, 制备了碳纳米管/环氧丙烯酸酯(CNTs/EA)光敏性树脂, 通过紫外光(UV)固化交联制备出新型复合涂层。研究了涂层的阻隔红外/紫外线性能, 在近红外区(4000~12000 cm-1)的阻隔率为68.55%, 对可见光(380~780 nm)的透过率大于85％, 对于＜300 nm的紫外线完全阻隔。同时复合涂层力学性能与EA涂层相比也得到提高, 在光阻隔涂层方面具有潜在的应用前景。      

Quality by design (QbD), Process Analytical Technology (PAT), and design of experiment applied to the development of multifunctional sunscreens

Multifunctional formulations are of great importance to ensure better skin protection from harm caused by ultraviolet radiation (UV). Despite the advantages of Quality by Design and Process Analytical Technology approaches to the development and optimization of new products, we found in the literature only a few studies concerning their applications in cosmetic product industry. Thus, in this research work, we applied the QbD and PAT approaches to the development of multifunctional sunscreens containing bemotrizinol, ethylhexyl triazone, and ferulic acid. In addition, UV transmittance method was applied to assess qualitative and quantitative critical quality attributes of sunscreens using chemometrics analyses. Linear discriminant analysis allowed classifying unknown formulations, which is useful for investigation of counterfeit and adulteration. Simultaneous quantification of ethylhexyl triazone, bemotrizinol, and ferulic acid presented at the formulations was performed using PLS regression. This design allowed us to verify the compounds in isolation and in combination and to prove that the antioxidant action of ferulic acid as well as the sunscreen actions, since the presence of this component increased 90% of antioxidant activity in vitro.     

在线紫外辐照辅助沉积柔性ITO薄膜的研究

显示技术正朝着柔性化、超薄化方向发展,低温制备柔性ITO薄膜已经成为一大趋势.本文在射频磁控溅射过程中,引入在线紫外辐照,室温条件下在有机衬底上制备柔性ITO薄膜的工艺,其最低方块电阻为5Ω,电阻率为2.5×10 -4Ω·cm,透光率为92%,远远优于未采用紫外辐照制备的柔性ITO薄膜.我们用四探针测试仪、分光光度计、原子力显微镜、X射线衍射仪等测试仪器,对未采用和采用在线紫外辐照制备的薄膜进行测试,分析探讨了紫外线辐照对薄膜的光电性能、表面形貌和生长取向的影响.研究结果表明:在紫外线的照射下,ITO薄膜表面形貌得到改善,晶界缺陷减少,生长更均匀,致密度更好,在降低薄膜电阻率的同时,提高了薄膜在可见光区的透射率,在紫外辐照下,ITO薄膜更趋于〈222〉的择优取向,且平均晶粒尺寸变大,结晶度提高,宏观表现为薄膜的电阻率降低.