抗菌型高吸水性树脂的合成及性能研究

摘要：采用含有烯丙基结构季铵盐辛烷基烯丙基二甲基氯化铵(OADMAC)和丙烯酰胺为原料，过硫酸钾为引发剂，N，N-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺为交联剂，反相悬浮聚合法合成具有抗菌性能的高吸水性树脂，并对最佳反应条件和所得共聚树脂的抗菌性能进行了研究。得到最佳条件：x(交联剂)=0．2％、x(OADMAC)=2．4％、n(引发剂)：n(总单体)=1：2000、v(油)：v(水)：3：1、反应温度80℃、反应时间3h。在此条件下制备的共聚树脂在室温吸去离子水达自身质量的561倍，吸W(Nacl)=0．9％水溶液达64．7倍；共聚树脂对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌和白色念珠菌等微生物菌株均有杀灭和抑制其生长的作用，树脂中季铵基团的含量越高，树脂的抗菌效果越好。     

环氧反（式）丁烯二酸（环氧富马酸）树脂的合成及表征

通过在通用型树脂Epidian 5中添加酸式烯丙基顺丁烯二酸得到了新型的环氧反式丁烯二酸(环氧富马酸)和环氧顺丁烯二酸(环氧马来酸)。本文就其合成及性能进行了初步的探讨。该树脂的合成一般有一步法和二步法．对工种方法所制得树脂的性能进行了比较，结果表明，在不饱和树脂的合成过程中，使用烯丙基醇能够有效地提高体系的性能。例如，环氧富马酸树脂的玻璃化转变温度超过了100℃，同时环氧马来酸树脂的玻璃化转变温度也高于70℃。所得到的树脂体系具有很好的耐化学性。     

膨润土/黄原胶复合吸水树脂的制备及性能

以丙烯酸(AA)、N,N-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺(NMBA)、膨润土(BT)、黄原胶(XG)为聚合原料，偶氮二异丁咪唑啉盐酸盐(Va-044)为引发剂，采用水溶液聚合法制备了有机-无机复合吸水树脂。对聚合反应条件进行优化并对吸水树脂的保水性能及在不同溶液中的吸水性能进行了测定。结果表明：膨润土/黄原胶复合吸水树脂的最佳制备条件为：NMBA、Va-044、XG、BT用量分别占AA质量的0.7%、0.7%、2.5%、2%,此时吸水树脂溶胀倍率最大，为272.0g/g。复合吸水树脂拥有良好的保水性能，7d后保水率为83.5%。此外，吸水树脂表现出优良的pH响应性能和盐响应性能。     

水性油墨用环氧改性聚氨酯乳液的合成研究

以环氧树脂(CYD-011)为改性树脂,甲苯二异氰酸酯(TDI)、聚醚二元醇(GE-210)等为主要原料,采用丙酮法制备了环氧改性聚氨酯复合乳液(PUE)。并以炭黑为颜料,改性树脂为连接料树脂配制成凹版水性油墨。讨论了初始R(NCO/OH)对乳液和胶膜性能的影响与环氧树脂种类及用量对乳液和水性油墨性能的影响,通过FT-IR、DSC对树脂分子结构进行了分析和表征。研究表明,环氧树脂与聚氨酯发生共聚反应,达到改性目的。当初始R(NCO/OH)为7.5,环氧树脂CYD-011用量为6%时,所得PUE乳液性能最优,由其配制的水性油墨光泽度、耐摩擦性能好,耐水、耐碱性可达5级,满足实际应用要求。     

BOPET薄膜涂覆改性用水性丙烯酸树脂的合成

以甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)、丙烯酸乙酯(EA)为主单体,丙烯酸(AA)为功能性单体,通过溶液聚合方法合成了水性丙烯酸树脂。研究了丙烯酸含量、单体配比、加料方式、反应温度等条件对树脂性能和涂膜性能的影响,确定了最佳合成工艺。采用红外光谱(IR)、热失重分析(TGA)等测试手段对树脂的结构和性能进行了表征。     

甲醛、环氧氯丙烷交联壳聚糖树脂的制备及性能

以壳聚糖为原料,甲醛为预交联剂,环氧氯丙烷为交联剂,通过反相悬浮交联法制备出新型壳聚糖树脂,考察了操作条件对合成树脂性能的影响,并用红外光谱表征其结构。结果表明,甲醛用量、环氧氯丙烷用量、乳化剂用量、搅拌速度、壳聚糖浓度、酸处理条件对树脂性能的影响较大;按最佳合成条件可制备出耐酸性能好、吸附能力强(对Cu^2 的饱和吸附量达2．983mmol／g)、力学强度好、孔隙率较高(77．38％)的壳聚糖树脂。     

黄原胶改性三元共聚高吸水树脂的制备及其生物降解性能

以丙烯酸(AA)和丙烯酰胺(AM)为单体,采用微波辐照法对天然高分子黄原胶(XG)进行接枝改性,制备了一种可生物降解的三元共聚高吸水树脂。研究了黄原胶、交联剂、引发剂用量等与高吸水树脂的吸水倍率之间的关系。通过抗霉菌性能测定及CO_2释放量测定研究了树脂的生物降解性能。采用红外光谱仪对三元共聚高吸水树脂结构进行了表征。结果表明,当w(黄原胶)=3%、w(交联剂)=1.5%、w(引发剂)=0.8%时,所制备的三元共聚高吸水树脂的性能最优,吸水倍率为680.4g/g,在土壤中埋置60d后的降解率可达40.8%,且能被特定的菌种所降解。     

纳米粒子增强EAM树脂力学性能的研究

为了增强、增刚、增韧齿科材料基体树脂，研究了SiO2、TiO2、Al2O3三种纳米粒子及含量对改性的环氧一甲基丙烯酸酯(EAM)树脂力学性能的影响。结果表明：不同纳米粒子及含量对EAM树脂性能影响不同，SiO2与TiO2增强增韧效果显著；SiO2含量为3％时，EAM树脂综合性能最佳。     

聚氯乙烯接枝丙烯酸丁酯型吸油树脂的合成与性能

以轻度脱氯化氯的聚氯乙烯(PVC)、丙烯酸丁酯(BA)、二乙烯基苯(DVB)N原料,采用悬浮溶胀接枝共聚的方法合成一种新型高吸油性树脂。研究了BA含量、DVB用量、过氧化苯甲酰(BPO)用量等因素对其吸油性能的影响。该树脂对含氯的有机溶剂具有较高的吸附性．最高可吸三氯甲烷38g／g,氯苯31g／g。其对甲苯等其它有机溶剂的吸附性能与烷基丙烯酸酯型低交联吸油树脂的吸油性能相当。     

一种新型热塑性耐热树脂--聚芳硫醚砜酰亚胺的合成与表征

用化学酰亚胺技术首先合成含完全酰亚胺环的单体．然后与Na2S常压聚合，从而在聚芳硫醚分子主链中引入了刚性的酰亚胺环，合成聚芳硫醚砜酰亚胺(PASSI)，并对单体及聚合物进行表征，通过热分析得出聚合物的玻璃化温度为252．4℃．热分解温度为484．9℃，表明PASSI具有优良的热性能，是一种新型耐热树脂。     

含聚环氧乙烷的两性多嵌段共聚物的某些性能

研究了(苯乙烯-丁二烯-环氧乙烷)两性多嵌段共聚物的吸水性能、乳化性能及结晶性能。结果表明,共聚物具有良好的吸水性能和乳化性能,共聚物中聚环氧乙烷含量和预聚体聚乙二醇的分子量是影响上述性能的主要因素。共聚物中聚环氧乙烷含量影响共聚物的结晶度和结晶形态,不同的浇铸溶剂对嵌段共聚物结晶形态也有影响。     

Based on atom transfer radical polymerization method preparation of fluoropolymer superhydrophobic films

A facile process for the one-step preparation of a fluoropolymer superhydrophobic polymer-coated surface under an ambient atmosphere was reported in this study. The block copolymer of polystyrene-block-poly (2,2,3,4,4,4-hexafluorobutyl-methacrylate), synthesized by atom transfer radical polymerization, was dissolved in a selective solvent. With the evaporation of the solvent, the block copolymer self-assembled into core/shell micelles, forming a grain-structured superhydrophobic film. The contact angle and sliding angle of the film were measured as 152.3° and 9.2°, respectively, demonstrating excellent superhydrophobic property and stability. The superior performance should ascribe to the introducing fluorine into the copolymer and the grain-like rough morphology of the film.     

丙烯腈-三元乙丙橡胶-苯乙烯接枝共聚物的合成与表征

以正已烷／苯为溶剂，过氧化二苯甲酰（BPO）为引发剂，溶液法合成了丙烯腈－三元乙丙橡胶－苯乙烯接枝共聚物（AES）。用傅立叶变换红外光谱仪对其结构进行表征，用称量法计算接枝参数，并就接枝机理进行了讨论；研究了反应时间、引发剂浓度、EPDM含量及St/AN质量比等条件对接枝反应的影响。结果表明，选择适当的引发剂浓度及EPDM用量可得到具有较高接枝参数的AES。用热重分析法表征了产物的热性能，表明AES耐热性优于ABS。     

环境友好型丙烯酸酯压敏胶的研究

采用本体聚合方法,以Co螯合物自由基为引发剂,合成温度可控,制备出一种新型环境友好的丙烯酸酯压敏胶.CoN、ABL和O2的共引发体系对丙烯酸酯单体产生可持续的引发效果.在相同的分子量条件下,其粘着性能与溶剂型压敏胶的效果相当.     

Intact endothelial cell sheet harvesting from thermoresponsive surfaces coated with cell adhesion promoters.

Recently, with the development of smart polymers, research has looked to using thermoresponsive polymers as cell culture substrates. These novel surfaces allow the cultivation of cells without enzymes using the thermoresponsive phase transition property of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm). However, this requires expensive techniques to generate a sufficiently thin film that allows cell adhesion. In this study, we looked at simple solvent cast films which normally show poor cell adhesion, but here the films are coated with cell adhesion promoters (CAPs) to improve cell growth without altering the copolymer thermoresponsive behaviour.A copolymer of PNIPAAm and N-tert-butylacrylamide (NtBAm) with a ratio of 85:15, respectively, was synthesized and solvent cast. The copolymer films were coated with CAPs, such as collagen, fibronectin and laminin, to increase their cell adhesion and growth properties. Cell activity measured by the alamarBlue assay showed similar results for coated copolymer films and standard tissue culture plastic controls. Deposition of CAPs on to the copolymer films was characterized by scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. Cell detachment from the copolymer films is not affected by the surface coatings of CAPs, and endothelial cells are recovered as an intact sheet, which has great potential for uses in tissue engineering applications. The results demonstrate a versatile method for the cultivation of cells while eliminating the need for the use of digestive enzymes such as trypsin. This study shows that cultivation on physically bonded PNIPAAm copolymers is viable and achievable by relatively simple methods.     

Electrochemical copolymerization of benzanthrone and 3-methylthiophene and characterization of their fluorescent copolymer

Poly(3-methylthiophene-co-benzanthrone), a novel copolymer, was successfully achieved by electrochemical oxidation of the monomer mixtures of 3-methylthiophene (3MeT) and benzanthrone in the binary solvent system containing boron trifluoride diethyl etherate and acetonitrile. A series of experiments with different monomer feed ratios were carried out to investigate the influence of monomer feed ratio on the electrochemical copolymerization and the overall properties of the copolymer films. The resulting copolymer possesses the advantages of both polybenzanthrone and poly(3-methylthiophene), such as considerable fluorescence property, good redox activity, high thermal stability, and relatively high electrical conductivity. Ultraviolet–visible, FT-IR, and thermal analysis were used to characterize and investigate the structure and thermal stability of the copolymers. Fluorescence spectroscopic studies revealed that the copolymer dissolved in common organic solvents was a good green or yellow-green light emitter, with a strong emission at 499 nm in doped state and 529 nm in dedoped state.     

Preparation of Macroscopic Block‐Copolymer‐Based Gyroidal Mesoscale Single Crystals by Solvent Evaporation

Properties arising from ordered periodic mesostructures are often obscured by small, randomly oriented domains and grain boundaries. Bulk macroscopic single crystals with mesoscale periodicity are needed to establish fundamental structure–property correlations for materials ordered at this length scale (10–100 nm). A solvent‐evaporation‐induced crystallization method providing access to large (millimeter to centimeter) single‐crystal mesostructures, specifically bicontinuous gyroids, in thick films (>100 µm) derived from block copolymers is reported. After in‐depth crystallographic characterization of single‐crystal block copolymer–preceramic nanocomposite films, the structures are converted into mesoporous ceramic monoliths, with retention of mesoscale crystallinity. When fractured, these monoliths display single‐crystal‐like cleavage along mesoscale facets. The method can prepare macroscopic bulk single crystals with other block copolymer systems, suggesting that the method is broadly applicable to block copolymer materials assembled by solvent evaporation. It is expected that such bulk single crystals will enable fundamental understanding and control of emergent mesostructure‐based properties in block‐copolymer‐directed metal, semiconductor, and superconductor materials.     

一种新型可降解共聚物薄膜的制备与性能研究

在氩气环境下,以丁二酸、己二酸、1,4-丁二醇和尿素为原料,通过高温熔融缩聚和扩链反应合成了一种新型可降解丁二酸/己二酸-1,4-丁二醇-尿素聚酯酰脲共聚物,并用压延成膜法制备了共聚物薄膜.采用红外光谱、热重分析、差示量热扫描及万能拉力机对共聚物薄膜的结构与性能进行了表征.结果表明,随着己二酸含量的增加,聚合物薄膜的熔点、结晶度和结晶温度均明显下降.当n（SA）∶n（AA）=1∶1时,共聚物大部分为无定形区域,结晶性能大大降低,水解速率最快,薄膜的降解性能最好.通过调节丁二酸与己二酸添加的物质的量之比,可使聚酯酰脲薄膜在热学性能、力学性能和降解性能之间达到一定程度的可控性.     

N-异丙基丙烯酰胺共聚物的温敏性

采用自由基水溶液聚合方法制备出了N-异丙基丙烯酰胺(N IPA)温敏共聚物P(AM-N IPA);首次在P(AM-N IPA)结构中引入丙烯酸钠(N aAA)单体结构单元,合成了离子型共聚物P(AM-N IPA-N aAA);考察了共聚物P(AM-N IPA)和P(AM-N IPA-N aAA)溶液温敏性的影响因素;分别采用荧光光谱分析法以及乌氏黏度计稀释法对共聚物溶液温敏机理进行了研究。结果表明,不同共聚单体的配比以及单体含量对共聚物溶液低临界溶解温度(LCST)均有显著影响;当温度高于共聚物低临界溶解温度时,共聚物分子链上的疏水基团的缔合作用增强,导致疏水聚集结构的形成,聚合物分子链发生去溶剂化作用,在共聚物稀溶液中表现为线团收缩,在共聚物亚浓溶液中表现为共聚物分子间聚集发生相分离。     

嵌段共聚物及其在有序介孔材料制备中的研究进展

介绍了近年来嵌段共聚物及其在制备有序孔材料中的应用与发展。综述了嵌段共聚物的结构特点、制备方法、自组装机理及利用嵌段共聚物自组装和利用嵌段共聚物作为模板剂制备有序介孔材料,指出了嵌段共聚物在制备有序介孔材料应用中的优点、社会价值和需要解决的问题。