细乳液聚合法合成大粒径羧基丁苯胶乳

采用新型的细乳液聚合技术,制备大粒径羧基丁苯胶乳。考察了制备工艺参数对反应动力学及产物性能的影响。研究发现,乳化剂浓度对细乳液稳定性及聚合动力学有较大影响。以HS作为乳化剂,能得到稳定的细乳液体系。随HS浓度增大,聚合体系的反应速率增大,胶乳粒子粒径减小。助稳定剂十六烷(HD)的加入对细乳液体系影响较大。随着HD浓度增大,转化率先降低后升高,乳胶粒径先升高后降低;功能单体衣康酸(IA)的加入使细乳液体系更加稳定。     

多层核壳结构ACR树脂的合成与性能研究Ⅱ.ACR胶乳粒径及其分布

采用多步乳液聚合方法合成多层核壳结构ACR(PBA/PS/PMMA)树脂,用动态激光光散射法,研究了聚合反应过程胶乳粒径的变化及乳化剂用量对胶乳粒径及其分布的影响,指出乳化剂适量可以避免形成新生均聚粒子和防止产生聚结粒子,保持胶乳体系的稳定性.     

聚丙烯酸酯微胶乳的合成及粒径控制

采用种子微乳液聚合工艺和单体半连续滴加法合成了聚丙烯酸酯微胶乳。考察了乳化剂、电解质、丙烯酸单体和氨水等因素对聚合反应稳定性和粒子大小及分布的影响。研究表明,增大乳化剂总量或提高SDS／NP-40配比,得到的微胶乳粒径都有不同程度的降低,同时粘度增大;添加少量电解质,可以有效地降低微胶乳的粘度;适量丙烯酸单体参加共聚有利于提高体系的稳定性,降低乳胶粒径．但过多会影响胶膜的耐水性;氨化反应不但没有降低粒径,反而有所增加;微胶乳的平均粒径控制在40nm～60nm范围内。     

宽频超声衰减法测量河流泥沙粒径分布

为了研究宽频超声波通过河流泥沙悬浊液的声衰减谱中包含泥沙的颗粒粒度信息,采用超声耦合相模型和散射模型的叠加描述河流泥沙悬浊液中超声衰减行为,宽频超声换能器测量得到2～7.5MHz间泥沙悬浊液声衰减谱,结合独立模式的最优正则化反演算法,获得了相同体积浓度、不同粒径分布下和相同粒径分布、不同体积浓度下泥沙的颗粒粒径分布。结果表明,宽频超声衰减法能较好地区分3种不同粒径分布的泥沙,并且在体积浓为3.8%～8.5%范围间,测量得到的平均粒径受浓度变化影响较小。将超声法测量结果与显微镜图像法测量结果相比较,两种方法得到的粒径分布趋势较为一致,平均粒径较为吻合。     

粒径分布对氧化铝多孔支撑体孔结构的影响

采用中位粒径(D50)分别为(20±2)μm、(15±2)μm、(10±2)μm的α-Al2O3粉体为原料,通过调整其粒径分布,考察了粒径分布参数δ的变化对片状支撑体孔结构的影响.研究表明,在本研究的三种中位粒径(D50)下,当δ＜4.0时,随δ值的增大,支撑体的孔隙率由40%下降到30%左右;当δ＞4.0以后,支撑体的孔隙率基本稳定在28%.对于采用中位粒径分别为(20±2)μm和(15±2)μm的原料制备的支撑体,当δ＜3.0时,随δ值的增大,支撑体的平均孔径分别从3.5μm减小到1.1μm,从2.0μm减小到1.3μm;而对D50为(10±2)μm的原料制备的支撑体,δ在1.5～8.0范围内变化时,支撑体的平均孔径基本稳定在0.8μm.采用中位粒径D50为(20±2)μm、(15±2)μm、(10±2)μm的三种原料制备的支撑体,随δ值的增大,其孔径分布变窄,最可几分布峰高变高,分布向小孔径方向移动.     

P(BA-co-Bd-co-St)-g-SAN/SAN共混物的结构与性能

采用乳液聚合技术将丙烯酸丁酯(BA)和丁二烯(Bd)、苯乙烯(St)共聚制备P(BA-co-Bd-co-St)胶乳(简称丁苯酯),然后在丁苯酯乳胶粒子上接枝St和AN合成P(BA-co-Bd-co-St)-g-SAN接枝共聚物。将其与SAN树脂熔融共混制备P(BA-co-Bd-co-St)-g-SAN/SAN共混物,研究了丁苯酯胶乳的粒径和组成对共混物力学性能和形态结构的影响。结果发现,引入丁二烯大大提高了SAN共聚物的接枝率,改善了共混物的冲击韧性,随着丁苯酯胶乳粒径的增加,共混物的冲击强度呈现先增大后减小的趋势。形态研究表明,丁二烯的引入显著改善了橡胶粒子在SAN树脂中的分散状况,但当粒径较小时,橡胶粒子发生了聚集。     

海洋浮游植物粒径分布方法研究

用显微测微计法和库尔特计数法两种方法分别测定了 12种海洋浮游植物的粒径大小。对两种方法测得的浮游植物的平均粒径和测量误差进行了统计分析和比较 ,结果表明库尔特计数法的测量精密度为 (99 7± 0 2 4 ) % ,而显微测微计法的精密度为 (5 7 2± 12 75 ) %。首次用Gauss函数对其粒径分布进行了拟合 ,结果表明两种方法测得的浮游植物粒径分布形式相同 ,粒径范围存在较大程度的交叠 ,拟合得到的中值粒径结果具有线性相关性。拟合后所得的相关参数表明 ,库尔特数据同显微镜数据相比具有较高的相关系数 ,二者分别为 0 989和 0 95 2。对于粒径分布 ,实验研究的 12种海洋浮游植物皆符合Gauss分布函数或复合Gauss分布函数 ,分别呈“单峰”、“双峰”或“三峰”型分布曲线 ,赤潮藻种的粒径分布似乎比“普通”海洋浮游植物要复杂 ,可呈现出“双峰”或“三峰”型分布曲线 ,这可能主要是由于赤潮藻种特殊的生长、分裂机理所致     

超细高岭石粒径测试方法对比研究

以甲氧基嫁接高岭石复合物为前驱体,利用插层-剥片法对高岭石片层进行剥离,制得超细高岭石样品;以张家口高岭石原矿为对比测试样品,分别采用激光法、图像法和电阻法测试高岭石原矿样品和超细高岭石样品的粒径。结果表明:3种测试方法均可用于高岭石的粒径测试,测试结果相差较小,粒径变化趋势一致;高岭石原矿粒度分布分散,超细高岭石粒度分布集中;在张家口高岭石原矿粒径的测试中,激光法测试结果偏大,电阻法测试结果偏小,图像法测试结果居中,优先选择图像法;在超细高岭石粒径的测试中,图像法测试结果偏大,电阻法结果偏小,激光法测试结果居中,优先选择激光法。     

真空法制备冰浆中冰晶粒径特性的实验研究

为获得真空法制得冰浆中冰晶的平均粒径及粒径分布规律,本文以乙二醇水溶液为制冰溶液,采用真空法制备得到冰浆,并通过显微装置观测冰浆中的冰晶形态。实验分别研究了搅拌速率、乙二醇初始浓度和含冰率(IPF)对冰晶平均粒径的影响,并将实验得到的粒径分布与正态分布、对数正态分布、伽马分布和威尔布分布进行对比。结果表明:不同实验条件下冰浆中冰晶粒径分布均可统一用伽马分布来描述;搅拌速率对冰晶平均粒径几乎无影响;冰晶平均粒径随溶液初始浓度的增大而减小,当乙二醇浓度从1%提高至7%时,冰晶平均粒径从74.8μm降至34.3μm;含冰率达到一定大小时,才会对冰晶平均粒径产生较显著的影响,表现为含冰率越高,平均粒径越大。     

水泥粒径分布对水泥石强度的影响

以水泥石水化物填充度最高为原则,综合考虑水泥水化度、水泥固相体积增量和水泥浆体初始堆积密度两个方面的匹配关系,通过理论推导和试验验证建立了多粒径(连续粒径分布)单组分水泥石强度与水泥粒径分布之间关系的计算方法,在此基础上就水泥粒径分布对水泥石强度的影响进行探讨。结果表明:计算值与试验值比较吻合,用本文中提供的方法可以根据水泥的粒径分布和各水灰比计算其不同龄期的填充度和抗压强度。     

不同包裹型态SiO2-PS复合微粒子的制备研究

在种子生长法制备不同粒径的单分散二氧化硅颗粒的基础上,采用KH-570(3-甲基丙烯酰氧丙基三甲氧基硅烷)在乙醇溶液中作为氧化硅颗粒的表面处理剂进行表面接枝改性.再将改性SiO2与苯乙烯单体进行分散聚合反应,在聚合时间不改变的前提下通过改变参与反应的SiO2颗粒粒径、浓度以及SiO2的加入时间可以得到SiO2与PS复合的3种不同构型.     

Investigating the Effect of 3D Simulation Based Learning on the Motivation and Performance of Engineering Students

Background Simulation‐based Learning (SBL) was used in Machining Technology, a sixty‐hour module for second year engineering students, at the School of Engineering at Temasek Polytechnic. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of SBL on learners' motivation and performance. In assessing students' motivation, we adopted a framework based on the Self‐determination Theory (SDT), chosen on account of its comprehensive treatment of the relationship between students' perceived needs satisfaction and their motivation. Purpose (Hypothesis ) It is hypothesized that SBL, which provides learners with interactive learning experiences, will enhance students' motivation and performance. We explored the effect of SBL on students' perceived psychological needs satisfaction, motivation, and learning, and how SBL affected students' understanding and application of content knowledge. Design /Method The intervention procedure involved the incorporation of SBL in Machining Technology, a 60 hour module in the mechanical engineering program. Survey findings and post‐intervention assessment outcomes were used to assess the students' perceptions of their basic psychological needs satisfaction, motivation, and performance. Results Our findings suggest that the students perceived their psychological needs to be satisfied and had high levels of self‐determined motivation. Students who undertook SBL had higher mean performance test scores, although SBL may have differential effects on learners depending on factors such as gender, educational backgrounds, and IT knowledge. Conclusions Our findings suggest that the students perceived their basic psychological needs to be met and that SBL can potentially enhance self‐determined motivation as well as improve learning in general.     

Evaluating the performance of BSBL methodology for EEG source localization on a realistic head model

In this paper, we evaluate the performance of block sparse Bayesian learning (BSBL) method for EEG source localization. By exploiting the internal block structure, the BSBL method solves the ill‐posed inverse problem more efficiently than other methods that do not consider block structure. Simulation experiments were conducted on a realistic head model obtained by segmentation of MRI images of the head. Two definitions of blocks were considered: Brodmann areas and automated anatomical labeling (AAL). The experiments were performed both with and without the presence of noise. Six different noise levels were considered having SNR values from 5 dB to 30 dB with 5dB increment. The evaluation reveals several potential findings—first, BSBL is more likely to produce better source localization than sparse Bayesian learning (SBL), however, this is true up until a limited number of simultaneously active areas only. Experimental results show that for 71‐channel electrodes setup BSBL outperforms SBL for up to three simultaneously active blocks. From four simultaneously active blocks SBL turns out to be marginally better and the difference between them is statistically insignificant. Second, different anatomical block structures such as Brodmann areas or AAL does not seem to produce any significant difference in EEG source localization relying on BSBL. Third, even when the block partitions are not known exactly BSBL ensures better localization than SBL as soon as block structure persists in the signal. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Imaging Syst Technol, 27, 46–56, 2017     

含磨粒润滑条件下3Cr13涂层加速磨损机理研究

提出3Cr13涂层加速磨损失效新的实验方法.采用该方法在MM200摩擦磨损试验机上,对高速电弧喷涂3Cr13涂层在含SiO_2磨粒的润滑条件下磨损失效开展了加速磨损试验,通过对比分析扫描电镜照片筛选合适的磨粒颗粒,并分析SiO_2磨粒加速涂层磨损可能的机理.结果表明:适合3Cr13涂层的加速磨损试验的磨粒粒度为微米级,通过磨损表面照片得出了磨粒在润滑条件下对涂层加速磨损作用主要表现为:微观切削、挤压和磨粒的聚集.     

Effects of main particle diameter on improving particle flowability for compressed packing fraction in a smaller particle admixing system

Particle flowability can be improved by admixing particles smaller than the original particles (main particles). However, the mechanisms by which this technique improves flowability are not yet fully understood. In this study, we examined compressed packing in a particle bed, which is affected by particle flowability. To estimate the mechanism of improvement, we investigated the effects of the main particle diameter on the improvement of compressed packing fractions experimentally.The main particles were 397 and 1460 nm in diameter and the admixed particles were 8, 21, 62, and 104 nm in diameter. The main and admixed particles were mixed in various mass ratios, and the compressed packing fractions of the mixtures were measured. SEM images were used to analyze the coverage diameter and the surface coverage ratio of the admixed particles on the main particles. The main particle packing fraction was improved as the diameter ratio (=main particles/admixed particles) increased. This was explained by a linked rigid-3-bodies model with leverage. Furthermore, the actual surface coverage ratio at which the most improved packing fraction was obtained decreased with increasing main particle diameter. This was explained by the difference in the curvature of the main particle surface.     

加料方式对超细氧化亚铜粉体分散性与粒度稳定性的影响

在不加任何添加剂和高反应物浓度的条件下, 用CuSO₄、NaOH、葡萄糖为原料制备了Cu₂O球形粉体. 利用扫描电镜和smileview软件对Cu₂O粉体进行了表征分析, 主要考察了加料方式对Cu₂O颗料的分散性与粒度稳定性的影响, 并根据Lamer模型初步探讨了其影响机理. 结果表明, 当采用先将NaOH溶液与CuSO₄溶液分步缓慢混合制备Cu(OH)₂作为铜源, 再加入葡萄糖还原Cu(OH)₂制备Cu₂O的加料方式时, Cu₂O颗粒按“爆发成核, 缓慢生长”的模式形成, 制得的Cu₂O粉体分散性高, 粒度稳定性好. 分散性高是由于缓慢的晶核生长有利于通过搅拌作用使初始晶核间的软团聚体再分散, 避免软团聚体进一步通过化学键合发展成为硬团聚. 粒度稳定性好的原因是将NaOH溶液分步缓慢加入到CuSO₄溶液中制备的前驱体Cu(OH)₂热稳定性好, 较好地保持了前驱体升温过程中铜源组分的单一性, 避免了还原过程中出现二次成核现象.     

Synthesis of polystyrene@silica particles through soap-free emulsion polymerization and sol-gel reaction on polymer surfaces

Polystyrene@silica particles were produced through soap-free emulsion polymerization (SFEP) of styrene and N-vinylacetamide (NVA) via the sol-gel reactions of tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) on polymer particle surfaces. Different amounts of NVA were used to prepare polystyrene particles using the SFEP process. The particles covered with poly-NVA then underwent the Stöber process to form an outer silica shell. NVA was found to stabilize the polymer colloids and improve their stability by steric effects, even after the positive charge on the polymer surface was partially neutralized by the electrostatically adsorbed TEOS, which tends to induce particle aggregation. Further, the –NH functional groups on NVA catalyzed the hydrolysis of TEOS in the sol-gel reaction to form silica. Consequently, small, monodisperse, and stable core-shell particles were formed despite having a low zeta potential.     

Morphology and microstructure investigations of YB66 nano-particles prepared by plasma chemical process

Nanocrystalline particles of YB66 were prepared by plasma chemical process, using starting powders of YB4 and B, and the morphology was examined by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). The average grain size of the YB66 particles is less than 100 nm. All the YB66 nano-particles are cubic in shape, suggesting that they have been formed through a direct coagulation from a vapor phase. Facetting at the cube corners occurs in most particles. The [0 0 1] and [0 1 1] lattice images of a cubic particle with edge-length of 84 nm were obtained. The simulated and experimental images match very well. A considerable amount of coarse, nearly spherical YB6 particles and unreached boron were additionally found by HRTEM. © 1998 Kluwer Academic Publishers     

Flotation of coarse composite particles: Effect of mineral liberation and phase distribution

The objective of this study is to relate the flotation of coarse composite particles with their mineral composition. For this purpose, composites of quartz particles in lead borate matrix were fabricated in different size fractions. The quartz in the composite particles was selectively hydrophobised. The composite particles were floated and backscattered scanning electron microscopy was used to measure the number of particles in each flotation product, their size and liberation class. Results showed that the flotation of these composite particles decreased with increasing particle size, and decreasing the quartz (the hydrophobic phase) liberation class. Furthermore, it was also found that diesel oil addition improves the adhesion of composite particles with bubbles, and consequently enhances their flotation recovery.     

不同温度亚微米粒子扩散运动的实验研究

利用Micro-PIV/PTV技术对不同温度下的方形槽内520 nm粒子的扩散运动进行了实验研究.采用PIV/PTV混合算法,计算得到了时间间隔为30 ms的相邻帧图像中示踪粒子的位移,由此计算出示踪粒子位移平方的对数分布与空间均方位移.结果表明,相同温度不同时刻粒子位移分布基本一致,粒子位移平方的对数分布于-17～-11之间,呈现类正态分布特征.粒子的空间均方位移值随着温度的升高而线性增大,表明粒子的扩散能力随温度的升高逐渐增强.