基于超高周疲劳多元化失效模式的概率S-N曲线模型构建方法EI北大核心CSCD

对渗碳Cr Mn钢开展了超高周疲劳试验,通过观察断口发现其失效模式分为表面裂纹诱发失效、内部夹杂导致的高周疲劳（5×10^4〈N^10^7）失效以及超高周疲劳（N〉10^7）三种。该文假设每一种失效模式的S-N曲线均相互独立,并基于混合Weibull分布以及Basquin和三参数S-N曲线模型,分别构建出了渗碳Cr Mn钢三种失效模式各自的概率S-N曲线及综合反映渗碳Cr Mn钢多元化失效模式的概率S-N曲线。与试验数据相比,99%存活概率的P-S-N曲线在超长寿命区给出了较为安全的寿命预测。     

B／Al复合材料疲劳断裂机理的显微结构分析

利用扫描电镜等分析手段对Ｂ／Ａｌ复合材料疲劳断裂的特征及机理进行了分析研究。结果表明，随着应力水平的提高，Ｂ／Ａｌ复合材料的疲劳断口由于主出型趋向于平断型，其断裂机理也有所不同。在同一应力水平下，界面结构较强的试样具有较高的断裂周次。     

TC4钛合金的超高周疲劳行为及其竞争失效模型构建

针对现有模型对TC4竞争失效预测的不准确性,建立了基于最大应力强度因子的竞争失效模型。在室温以及两种应力比下,针对TC4钛合金进行超高周疲劳试验,通过试验与最弱键竞争失效理论相结合的方法进行评估,研究其超高周疲劳性能。通过对试样断口形貌的观察,可将其失效模式分为如下两类:表面失效以及内部失效。对试样表面缺陷以及内部解理刻面尺寸进行测量,并评估其最大应力强度因子值。进一步通过正态分布得到最大应力强度因子的累计分布函数,基于两参数泊松分布建立了与最大应力强度因子有关的竞争失效模型。通过模型计算结果,可以得出在任一最大应力强度因子下试样发生各种失效模式的概率,且经分析对比,本文中TC4两种疲劳失效模式的失效概率评估结果与试验数据吻合较好,为分析TC4钛合金超高周疲劳状态下的疲劳失效模式提出了新的评估方法。     

40CrNiMoA钢不同微观组织超声疲劳寿命研究

应用超声疲劳试验技术,对三种不同微观组织状态的40CrNiMoA钢在超声振动载荷(f＝20kHz,R＝-1)下的疲劳性能进行测试分析.结果表明:在超声振动条件下,具有强韧配合的微观组织超声疲劳寿命得到显著提高;不同微观组织的40CrNiMoA具有两种类型的S-N曲线:持续下降型和阶梯下降型,试样在107以上仍会发生疲劳断裂.扫描电镜对疲劳断口的分析表明:在超声疲劳载荷循环下,疲劳裂纹起源于试样表面.初步探讨了超高周疲劳断裂机理.     

16Mn钢在空气和3.5% NaCl溶液中的疲劳行为

采用哑铃状平板试样,分别研究了16Mn钢在空气中和3.5%NaCl溶液中的疲劳行为,获得了S-N曲线,并对疲劳试样的表面和断口形貌进行了观察。结果表明:3.5%NaCl溶液(与空气相比)使16Mn钢的疲劳强度有较大程度的降低,在空气中16Mn钢的疲劳极限为200 MPa,而在3.5%NaCl溶液中该钢则不存在疲劳极限;空气中的疲劳试样只有一个萌生于试样表面基体的裂纹源,而3.5%NaCl溶液中该钢的疲劳试样一般有多个裂纹源,除了极少数萌生于试样表面基体处,其余均萌生于表面的点蚀坑;空气中疲劳试样裂纹扩展区的断口形貌以疲劳辉纹为主,而3.5%NaCl溶液中的则以沿晶开裂等脆性特征为主。此外还对空气中16Mn钢的疲劳极限进行了预测,预测值与试验值基本吻合。     

表面压应力对10Ni5CrMoV钢疲劳性能的影响

分别采用精磨和冲击加工在IONi5CrMoV钢试样表面形成不同的残余压应力,对具有不同表面压应力的试样进行高周和低周疲劳试验,采用扫描电子显微镜对疲劳断口进行分析,并测试经不同周次高应变幅循环加载后的试样表面应力。结果表明,较高的表面压应力能有效抑制小应力幅下疲劳裂纹在表面的起裂,从而有效的提高了高周疲劳性能;在高应变幅作用下,初始的表面压应力迅速发生松弛而失去对疲劳裂纹在表面起裂的抑制作用,因而对低周疲劳性能无明显影响。     

TNM-Ti Al合金室温高周疲劳性能研究

采用升降法与成组法对TNM-TiAl合金试样进行了应力比R=-1的室温拉压疲劳和R=0.1的室温拉伸疲劳试验，得到TNM-TiAl合金的P-S-N曲线，并对断口进行了分析。结果表明:TNM-TiAl合金对应力十分敏感，R=-1和R=0.1时的曲线整体呈较为平直的斜线，R=-1时的疲劳极限为414.7 MPa,R=0.1时的疲劳极限为285.6 MPa。R=0.1的S-N曲线远低于R=-1的S-N曲线;R=-1时，应力幅与疲劳寿命的关系满足Basquin方程。疲劳试件宏观断口较为粗糙，静态拉伸宏观断口平整，两者差异较大。拉伸断口整体分为裂纹萌生区与扩展区，其中起裂源均位于试样表面或板状试件的边角棱线处，起裂源区域包括γ相的解理断裂面、片层团的沿层解理面以及β₀相平整的穿晶断裂平面等特征。疲劳断口整体分为裂纹萌生区、扩展区与瞬断区，其中裂纹萌生区分为表面沿层起裂和γ相起裂。TNM-TiAl合金的疲劳断裂为脆性断裂，主要体现在扩展区上大量的片层团穿层断裂、扭折撕裂、γ相解理断裂和β₀相穿晶断裂。同寿命量级下，R=-1的断口与R=0.1的断口断裂类型...     

Al-7Si-0.3Mg铸造合金的旋转弯曲疲劳性能研究

研究了M-7Si-0.3Mg铸造铝合金的室温旋转弯曲疲劳性能。结果表明,A1-7Si-0.3Mg铸造铝合金在10~7次疲劳寿命下的极限应力为88 MPa;结合对疲劳试样断口的分析发现,在高应力低寿命区,A1-7Si-0.3Mg合金试样的表面划痕和缺陷造成了材料的表面破坏模式;而在低应力高寿命区,试样内部近表面区的铸造孔洞则是引起材料疲劳破坏的主要原因。使用Paris公式推导出孔洞尺寸和疲劳寿命之间的关系,并计算出不同应力水平条件下的临界孔洞尺寸。     

镍基高温合金GH4033的高温低周疲劳和断裂

研究了镍基高温舍金GH4033在400℃-700℃的疲劳循环应力行为和疲劳寿命曲线，结果表明，500℃处由于材料强化显示出好的抗疲劳性能。此外，还借助扫描电镜对疲劳试样的断口进行了分析，揭示了疲劳断裂机制。     

TC21合金315℃高周疲劳光滑和缺口试样断口分析

开展了TC21研究合金光滑和缺口试样的315℃高周疲劳实验,并对疲劳断口进行详细观察,研究了缺口对TC21合金疲劳寿命的影响.结果表明,光滑和缺口试样的疲劳强度比值随循环寿命降低而降低;光滑试样的失稳疲劳裂纹长度随循环应力升高而降低;瞬断区所承受的断裂应力随循环应力升高而降低;这说明裂纹失稳决定试样的断裂,缺口试样断口有多个裂纹源,以缺口试样名义应力乘以应力集中因子与光滑试样的应力相等作为比较时,缺口试样主裂纹长度大于光滑试样的裂纹长度,缺口试样的裂纹扩展寿命更长.     

Corrosion fatigue behaviour and microstructural characterisation of G20Mn5QT cast steel in 3.5‐wt% NaCl solution

Corrosion fatigue behaviour and microstructural characterisation of G20Mn5QT cast steel are investigated in simulated seawater. Fractography is performed by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The macroscale fracture surface and microstructure of the failed specimen are acquired including the crack initiation, crack propagation, and pitting evolution. The maximum cyclic stress (S) versus number of cycles to failure (N) curves is derived by three‐parameter fatigue curve method. Fatigue life is predominantly controlled by the corrosion pitting‐induced crack initiation when tested in simulated seawater at lower stress levels. As the maximum cyclic stress is less than 185 MPa, the chloride ion erosion is the main influence factor, which affects the fatigue failure of the G20Mn5QT cast steel in simulated seawater.     

Effect of shot peening on fatigue fracture for an as quenched martensitic steel

Abstract

A Mn–C steel with an as quenched martensite microstructure expected to be used as a high strength steel for automobile parts. However, the fatigue strength of the steel is relatively low in spite of its high tensile strength. Such low fatigue strength is attributed to a low elastic limit caused by mobile dislocations in the as quenched martensite structure. Shot peening improves the fatigue life markedly below 10⁷ cycles but has little effect at 10⁷ cycles. These results are explained by the fact that the initiation site of the fatigue crack changes from the surface of the as quenched specimen to the interior of the shot peened specimen.     

Tensile fatigue behaviour of ultra-high performance fibre reinforced concrete (UHPFRC)

The tensile fatigue behaviour of ultra-high performance fibre reinforced concrete (UHPFRC) under constant amplitude fatigue cycles is presented. Three series of uniaxial tensile fatigue tests up to a maximum of 10 million cycles were conducted with the objective to determine the endurance limit of UHPFRC that was supposed to exist for this material. The fatigue tests reveal that an endurance limit exists in all three domains of UHPFRC tensile behaviour at S-ratios ranging from 0.70 to 0.45 with S being the ratio of the maximum fatigue stress to the elastic limit strength of UHPFRC. Rather large variation in local specimen deformations indicates significant stress and deformation redistribution capacity of the UHPFRC bulk material enhancing the fatigue behaviour. The fatigue fracture surface of UHPFRC shows features of the fatigue fracture surfaces of steel, i.e. fatigue crack propagation is identified by a smooth surface while final fracture leads to rather rough surface. Various fatigue damaging mechanisms due to fretting and grinding as well as tribocorrosion are identified.     

Fatigue strength and fracture mechanism of steel modified by super-rapid induction heating and quenching

Four kinds of surface hardened-specimens (ordinary structural steel with carbon content of 0.45% C) having hardened thicknesses of 0.7–1.8 mm were prepared using a ‘super-rapid induction heating (SRIH) system’. Rotation bending fatigue tests were performed with special focus on the effect of a hardened thickness on fatigue properties. Measurement of residual stress and observation of the fracture surface were also carried out to investigate the fracture mechanism of the specimen with a shallow hardened layer. It was found that there is not much improvement of fatigue strength at 10⁷ cycles for specimens with shallow hardened layers in spite of having a high compressive residual stress of about 1000 MPa. This is because the fatigue crack originating from inside the hardened layer leads to the final fracture of the specimen (internal fracture mode). Improvement of fatigue strength has been achieved on the specimen with thick hardened layers, such as those about 1.8 mm thick. In this case, fatigue cracks originate from inclusions located in hardened layers, which leads to final fracture (hardened-layer fracture mode).     

Investigation of high cycle and Very-High-Cycle Fatigue behaviors for a structural steel with smooth and notched specimens

The high cycle and Very-High-Cycle Fatigue (VHCF) properties of a structural steel with smooth and notched specimens were studied by employing a rotary bending machine with frequency of 52.5 Hz. For smooth specimens, VHCF failure did occur at fatigue cycles of 7.1 × 10⁸ with the related S–N curve of stepwise tendency. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) was used for the observations of the fracture surfaces. It shows that for smooth specimens the crack origination is surface mode in the failure regime of less than 10⁷ cycles. While at VHCF regime, the material failed from the nonmetallic inclusion lies in the interior of material, leading to the formation of fisheye pattern. The dimensions of crack initiation region were measured and discussed with respect to the number of cycles to failure. The mechanism analysis by means of low temperature fracture technique shows that the nonmetallic inclusion in the interior of specimen tends to debond from surrounding matrix and form a crack. The crack propagates and results to the final failure. The stress intensity factor and fatigue strength were calculated to investigate the crack initiation properties. VHCF study on the notched specimens shows that the obtained S–N curve decreases continuously. SEM analysis reveals that multiple crack origins are dominant on specimen surface and that fatigue crack tends to initiate from the surface of the specimen. Based on the fatigue tests and observations, a model of crack initiation was used to describe the transition of fatigue initiation site from subsurface to surface for smooth and notched specimens. The model reveals the influences of load, grain size, inclusion size and surface notch on the crack initiation transition.     

疲劳裂纹萌生的细观效应

Ｘ射线衍射分析表明，在疲劳极限载荷下循环加载１０＾７次事，退火态１６Ｍｎ在厚度约３个铁素体晶粒大小的表层内，３００Ｍ钢在厚度经１５个原奥氏体晶粒大小的表层内，喷丸强化３００Ｍ钢在距表面２００－３２０μｍ的亚表层内发生ＸＲＤ效应的明显变化。     

0Cr16 Ni5 Mo不锈钢疲劳性能研究

通过疲劳试验对 0Cr16Ni5Mo不锈钢疲劳性能和海水中的腐蚀疲劳性能进行了研究 ,并对断口特征进行了金相及SEM分析。结果表明 :钢的σ-1 、σ-1SCC 和τ-1 分别为 5 5 0MPa、40 8MPa和 2 85MPa ,σ-1 、τ-1与σb 、σ0 .2 之间符合奥金格公式。不同条件下的疲劳断口特征各异 ,纯旋转弯曲疲劳断口属正常形貌 ,而扭转疲劳断口的扩展阶段疲劳条带不明显 ,这与受力条件复杂有关。海水介质中疲劳开裂具有表面多条裂纹源特征 ,裂纹尖端的应力集中加速裂纹扩展造成腐蚀疲劳强度降低 ,裂纹扩展至断裂符合正常疲劳断裂机理。     

机械滚压对A473M钢疲劳性能的影响

采用机械滚压对A473M马氏体不锈钢轴套材料进行表面处理,研究滚压工艺对其力学性能的影响。采用SEM、白光干涉仪、X射线衍射仪、显微硬度计、EBSD、拉伸试验机和疲劳试验机分别对试样表面形貌、表面粗糙度、残余应力、显微硬度、拉伸性能和疲劳性能进行系统表征。结果表明:滚压加工试样表面的粗糙度明显降低,仅为车削加工的1/5;滚压加工在材料近表面引入残余压应力,其值最高可达946 MPa,沿深度方向逐渐减小,残余压应力层深度约为200μm,表面硬度提高30%左右,硬度影响层深度可达200μm;抗拉强度、屈服强度和伸长率分别提升了40%,22%和8%,疲劳寿命由基体材料的5.4×10^4周次提高到1×10^7周次。采用滚压加工后材料的力学性能明显提升,疲劳寿命显著增加。     

Inclusion-controlled high cycle fatigue behavior of a high V alloyed powder metallurgy cold-working tool steel

Axial loading fatigue tests were carried out to study the influence of inclusion on high cycle fatigue behavior of a high V alloyed powder metallurgy cold-working tool steel (AISI 11). The fatigue strength of 1538 MPa with endurance life of 10⁷ cycles were obtained by stair-case method. The fatigue specimens were also subjected to a constant maximum stress of 1650 MPa to investigate the relationship among inclusion origin size (10-30 μm), fish-eye size (70-130 μm) and fatigue life (10⁵-10⁷ cycles). The fatigue life was found to be dependent on the inclusion size and the crack propagating length. A compressive residual stress of 300-450 MPa turned out to be present at the specimen surface, and finally induced the interior failure mode. Further investigation into the correlation between stress intensity factors of inclusion origin and corresponding stages of fatigue crack growth and fatigue life revealed that the high cycle fatigue behavior was controlled by crack propagation. According to the fractographic investigation, two distinct zones were observed in fish-eye, representing Paris-Law and fast fatigue crack growth stage, respectively. Threshold stress intensity for crack propagation of 3.9 MPa√m was obtained from the well correlated line on the ΔK_I-log N_? graph. The fracture toughness can also be estimated by the mean value of stress intensity factor ranges for fish-eye.     

MB8镁合金高周疲劳实验研究

采用升降法对MB8镁合金室温高周疲劳行为进行实验研究。结果表明:利用升降法计算出MB8镁合金在应力比R=0.1,循环基数为107条件下的疲劳强度为90.2MPa,相当于其抗拉强度的34%左右;合金的疲劳裂纹萌生于试样表面,裂纹扩展区由小的平面状断面组成,没有明显的疲劳辉纹存在,合金疲劳断口呈现韧性断裂特征。