稀土超磁致伸缩材料的磁场热处理研究

超磁致伸缩材料是一种先进的能量转换材料,在高新技术和国防军工领域具有重要的应用价值。在概述TbDyFe超磁致伸缩材料的特点及发展现状基础上,重点介绍了<110>取向材料的磁场热处理研究。在实验方面,采用区熔定向凝固技术制备了<110>取向TbDyFe多晶材料,在略高于居里点温度退火时施加磁场,不改变晶体学择优取向和凝固组织,但能调控初始磁畴分布状态,改变服役时的磁矩运动过程,从而改善材料磁致伸缩和力学性能。在模拟研究方面,建立了基于能量最低原理的磁畴旋转模型,模拟了磁热感生各向异性诱导的初始磁矩再取向过程,得到了形成单轴各向异性的临界值;模拟了感生各向异性强弱对磁致伸缩"Jump"效应的影响规律,探讨了磁场热处理对<110>取向晶体磁致伸缩的作用机理。     

TbDyFe合金的组织和磁致伸缩性能

定向凝固ＴｂＤｙＦｅ合金具有（１１２）择优取向，热处理能明显地改变显微镜组织和磁致伸缩性能，在１１００℃真空处理２ｈ后，磁致伸缩性能最好，空冷和炉冷对磁致伸缩性能影响不大，富稀土相的球化和晶粒吞并长大，减小了磁化过程中９０°磁畴转动的阻力，是高温处理提高磁致伸缩性能的根本原因。     

Tb-Dy-Fe超磁致伸缩合金的动态机电耦合系数

用区熔定向凝固方法制备出成分为Tb0.3Dy0．7Fe1．90的（110）和（112）取向的超磁致伸缩材料，研究了在900℃真空热处理后材料的动态机电耦合系数．结果表明，定向生长的（110）和（112）取向样品K33值比铸态有明显的提高；随着磁场的增大，K33值先增大后又逐渐减小；外加压力从0MPa增大到10MPa，K33值逐渐增大；继续增大压力，K33值减小．适当的热处理使K33值明显提高．热处理后样品K33值的提高与样品磁畴结构的改变有关．     

Tb0.5Dy0.5（Fe1-x）1.91（x=0～0.15）合金的温度性能研究

研究了Mn元素掺杂及热处理工艺对超磁致伸缩材料Tb0.5Dy0.5（Fe1-x）1.91（x=0～0.15）合金温度性能的影响，实验结果表明Mn掺杂对该材料居里温度影响较大，随Mn掺杂量的增加居里温度降低：在无预压应力时，Mn掺杂提高了合金的低温、低场磁致伸缩应变性能；热处理工艺对进一步提高磁致伸缩性能无明显作用。     

热处理对Fe81Ga19合金组织结构与磁致伸缩性能的影响

采用电弧熔炼法制备了Fe81Ga19合金多晶样品,研究了不同热处理工艺对合金组织结构及磁致伸缩性能的影响.样品经过700℃、800℃和900℃保温后采用空冷、炉冷和淬火3种冷却方式.结果显示,经过不同热处理后样品的微观组织均为单相bcc结构,而磁致应变从34×10-8到94×10-6不等;当热处理温度为800℃时,淬火处理后可获得较好的磁致伸缩性能(88×10-6),而热处理温度较高(900℃)时,采用炉冷的方式可获得较好的磁致伸缩性能(94×10-6).推测热处理方式和晶体取向对Fe81Ga19合金磁致伸缩性能有较重要的影响.     

Fe71.3 Ga28.7的结构调控与磁致伸缩性能研究

研究了区熔定向凝固速度与热处理制度对Fe_(71.3)Ga_(28.7)合金的显微组织、晶体结构与取向规律的影响。结果表明,区熔速度为72 mm/h时,得到的是A2相,而区熔速度为36 mm/h时,得到的是A2+D0_3相,并发现区熔速度较小时,会在合金棒中形成较强的η-型纤维织构;在680℃下淬火处理可以大大提高材料的磁致伸缩性能,不过在580℃下淬火处理或在705℃下炉冷处理时,会得到L1_2相,导致磁致伸缩系数为负值。     

真空磁场热处理对Tb0.3Dy0.7Fe1.95合金磁致伸缩性能的影响

研究了磁场热处理对Tb0.3Dy0.7Fe1.95多晶合金磁致伸缩性能的影响.将定向凝固得到的多晶合金,在真空条件下,加热到居里点附近不同温度,在加磁场下保温一定时间后冷却到室温,测量其磁致伸缩系数,并且进行X衍射分析.实验结果表明,在稍低于居里点的温度,沿垂直于棒的轴线加磁场保温一定时间后冷却,合金的磁致伸缩系数明显提高,沿样品棒轴线的晶体取向有一定程度的改变.     

热处理工艺对HOVF制备磁致伸缩涂层组织及性能的影响

采用超音速火焰喷涂方法制备Fe-Ga磁致伸缩涂层作为磁致伸缩导波传感器的敏感性元件.研究300～700℃不同热处理温度对Fe-Ga涂层质量的影响,采用SEM、XRD和磁致伸缩测试仪研究热处理过程中涂层的微观组织和性能变化.结果表明,退火过程中,Fe-Ga涂层保持单一的A2相结构,300～600℃温度范围内颗粒中的变形晶...     

定向凝固Tb0.3Dy0.7（Fe,M）1.95超磁致伸缩合金微观缺陷的研究

研究了经超高温梯度向凝固制备的Ｔｂ０．３Ｄｙ０．７（Ｆｅ，Ｍ）１．９５合金样品中存在的晶体缺陷的类型，分析其对该材料磁致伸缩性能的影响，探讨如何调整工艺来消除晶体缺陷，提高材料的磁致伸缩性能。     

新型真空定向凝固装置的研制

采用双区加热技术，成功地研制了一台新型真空定向凝固装置，其主要性能指标为：温度梯度ＤＬ＝２５０℃／ｃｍ，最高温度１７００℃抽拉速度Ｒ＝０．１￣６０ｍｍ／ｍｉｎ，炉内真空度为０．１ｐａ（热态），定向材料最大尺寸为φ４０×３５０ｍｍ，可满足研制稀土超磁致伸缩Ｔｂ－Ｄｙ－Ｆｅ合金的要求。     

凝固科学技术与材料

从凝固科学与实践发展的角度介绍了当前凝固材料体系的基本框架和凝固科学主要发展阶段的基本理论。作为材料科学与工程的基本组成，凝固科学技术正在现代科学理论的基础上针对传统材料的改性提高和新材料的发展需求，以控形、控构、控性为目标开展优质铸件的定向、晶体生长、快凝、深过冷及各种新型和超常领域凝固过程的研究，并介绍了其中某些方面和展望了可能的发展趋势。     

江澳两地高校文创设计的协同研究与商业实践

目的 探索江门世遗文化的传承、发展和转化的新思路,践行国家在《粤港澳大湾区发展规划》纲要中要求江门承担与港澳地区文化创意合作与开发任务的分工。方法 与澳门高校紧密合作,开展专业培训课程,以开平碉楼为例,从人文视角开展设计研究,梳理开平碉楼的文化脉络,把世遗文化的元素和其背后的文化融入文创产品中,提升文创产品的附加值,推动当地文创产业结构的变革。结果 两地高校构建了稳定的科研团队,开设长期有效的设计培训课程,与景区建立了研究协作关系,帮助景区构建了一套产销研的商业模式。结论 以跨区域高校合作为平台,以文创产品为抓手,依托江澳两地的资源优势,可以构建江门世遗文化全新的品牌形象,最终推动开平世遗文化的活化。     

The Candela and Photometric and Radiometric Measurements

The national measurement system for photometric and radiometric quantities is presently based upon techniques that make these quantities traceable to a high-accuracy cryogenic radiometer. The redefinition of the candela in 1979 provided the opportunity for national measurement laboratories to base their photometric measurements on optical detector technology rather than on the emission from high-temperature blackbody optical sources. The ensuing technical developments of the past 20 years, including the significant improvements in cryogenic radiometer performance, have provided the opportunity to place the fundamental maintenance of photometric quantities upon absolute detector based technology as was allowed by the 1979 redefinition. Additionally, the development of improved photodetectors has had a significant impact on the methodology in most of the radiometric measurement areas. This paper will review the status of the NIST implementation of the technical changes mandated by the 1979 redefinition of the candela and its effect upon the maintenance and dissemination of optical radiation measurements.     

Creation and motion of dislocations and fracture in metal and silicon crystals

By making a step on one surface ( ) of a rectangular small paralellepiped copper crystal, dislocations could be created by the molecular dynamic method. The dislocation created was not a complete edge dislocation but a pair of Heidenreich-Shockley partial dislocations. Each time a dislocation was created, the stress on the surface was released. Small copper crystals having a notch were pulled (until fracture), compressed and buckled by use of the molecular dynamic method. An embedded atom potential was used to represent the interaction between atoms. Dislocations were created near the tip of the notch. A very sharp yield stress was observed. The results of high speed deformations of pure silicon small crystals using the molecular dynamics are presented. The results suggest that plastic deformation may be possible for the silicon with a high speed deformation even at room temperature. Another small size single crystal, the same size and the same surfaces, was compressed using molecular dynamic method. The surfaces are {110}, {112} and {111}. The compressed direction was [111]. It was found that silicon crystals are possible to be compressed with a high speed deformation. This may suggest that silicon may be plastically deformed with high speed deformation.     

Error and uncertainty in modeling and simulation

This article develops a general framework for identifying error and uncertainty in computational simulations that deal with the numerical solution of a set of partial differential equations (PDEs). A comprehensive, new view of the general phases of modeling and simulation is proposed, consisting of the following phases: conceptual modeling of the physical system, mathematical modeling of the conceptual model, discretization and algorithm selection for the mathematical model, computer programming of the discrete model, numerical solution of the computer program model, and representation of the numerical solution. Our view incorporates the modeling and simulation phases that are recognized in the systems engineering and operations research communities, but it adds phases that are specific to the numerical solution of PDEs. In each of these phases, general sources of uncertainty, both aleatory and epistemic, and error are identified. Our general framework is applicable to any numerical discretization procedure for solving ODEs or PDEs. To demonstrate this framework, we describe a system-level example: the flight of an unguided, rocket-boosted, aircraft-launched missile. This example is discussed in detail at each of the six phases of modeling and simulation. Two alternative models of the flight dynamics are considered, along with aleatory uncertainty of the initial mass of the missile and epistemic uncertainty in the thrust of the rocket motor. We also investigate the interaction of modeling uncertainties and numerical integration error in the solution of the ordinary differential equations for the flight dynamics.     

PSD和PWELCH函数的分析改进及应用

针对MATLAB中两个内建功率谱密度计算函数psd()和pwelch()计算结果迥异的现象,在功率谱密度估计理论的基础上,根据经典的周期图理论和Welch平均周期图方法,通过详细分析源程序,解析计算方法,发现psd()计算的并不是工程单边功率谱密度,而是采样信号双边谱,故与pwelch()结果迥异,另外pwelch()不能对分段信号数据进行预处理。就上述不足提出了相应的改进措施,比较验证表明改进措施行之有效。     

Miniature and MEMS-type vacuum sensors and pumps

In the paper, the observable trends of the actual research and development of selected types of miniature and MEMS-type vacuum sensors are presented. Some information about the new types of active vacuum gauges, which are offered by the leading manufacturers of the vacuum measurement instruments, is given. Next, the list of MEMS devices that need vacuum for proper operation is presented. Some aspects of vacuum-encapsulation of MEMS devices, on wafer level and package level are shown. The new conceptions of obtaining and maintenance of high and ultra-high vacuum in MEMS devices are described. They concern the conception of integration of a miniature orbitron pump on-chip with MEMS-type device or with vacuum part of the portable advanced instruments such as electron microscope, ion mass spectrometer, and free electron laser.