土质易溶盐试验的研究

土中的易溶盐系指土中容易溶解于水的一些盐类，包括钾、钠、钙、镁的氯化物，重碳酸盐，钾、钠、镁的硫酸盐，钾、钠的碳酸盐以及全部硝酸盐等。通过对比试验可以看出，易溶盐浸出液的制备按照水土5：1的比例制备，并分5次完成，这样得到的浸出液使测试结果更加准确、可靠，更加接近真实值。     

微波消解-电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定松茸中9种金属元素

建立松茸中钾、钠、铝、锰、锌、铜、铁、钙、镁的微波消解-电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定方法。样品采用3 mL硝酸和2 mL过氧化氢作为消化液,微波消解后,用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法进行测定。结果表明:各元素线性范围为钠0～2.00μg/mL,钾0～100.00μg/mL,铝、锰、锌、铜、铁、钙、镁均为0～5.00μg/mL,平均回收率在94.14%～102.30%之间,相对标准偏差(RSD)为0.23%～3.21%范围,检出限为0.33～5.25 mg/kg,定量限为1.10～17.50 mg/kg。测得四川省6个主产区松茸中钾、钠、铝、锰、锌、铜、铁、钙、镁的含量范围分别为21～35 g/kg、42.1～117mg/kg, 183～1210mg/kg, 10.2～91.8mg/kg, 23.1～69.5mg/kg, 21.6～37.2mg/kg, 159～1174mg/kg, 51.2～349 mg/kg,441～740 mg/kg。该方法简便、快速、准确,适用于松茸中上述9种元素的同时测定。     

ICP-AES法测定水中14种元素的研究

本文对使用ICP-AES法测定水中含有的钠、钾、钙、镁、铝、钡、铜、钴、铁、锰、钼、铬、镍、硅等元素进行了研究,该方法可获得良好的灵敏度,对多元素含量的测量速度快,回收率为96%-103.4%,标准曲线相关系数大于0.9998,相对标准偏差小于5.0%,测定检测限低,能够满足分析的需要。     

工业硅中杂质元素含量的测定

采用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法同时测定工业硅中可能存在的铝、铁、钙、镁、钾、钠、磷、钡、等多个微量元素,并以差减法计算基体硅的含量,实现了对试样基体及杂质元素含量的同时测定。     

ICP-AES法同时测定水中钾、钠、钙、镁的研究

本文采用美国Perkin--Elmer公司电感耦合等离子发射光谱仪(Optima 4300DV),对同时测定水中的钾、钠、钙、镁四种元素的最佳测试条件进行了探讨,研究了元素间的干扰情况,并进行了检出限、准确度、精密度试验,结果均可满足要求。     

ICP-AES法同时测定水中钾、钠、钙、镁的研究

本文采用美国Perkin-Elmer公司电感耦合等离子发射光谱仪(Optima 4300DV),对同时测定水中的钾、钠、钙、镁四种元素的最佳测试条件进行了探讨,研究了元素间的干扰情况,并进行了检出限、准确度、精密度试验,结果均可满足要求。     

超声波提取-离子色谱法同时测定卷烟纸中的钾、钠、钙、镁

用0.02mol/L的盐酸溶液超声提取卷烟纸样品中的钾、钠、钙、镁4种离子,并采用离子色谱法进行同时测定。Ionpac CG12A(4mm×250mm)阳离子交换柱为固定相,15mmol/L的甲烷基磺酸为流动相,电导检测器进行测定。结果表明:方法的检出限为0.02～0.69mg/kg,加标回收率为90.14%～106.1%,相对标准偏差均小于5%,结果令人满意。     

ICP-AES法同时测定水中钾、钠、钙、镁的研究

本文采用美国Perkin-Elmer公司电感耦合等离子发射光谱仪(Optima 4300DV),对同时测定水中的钾、钠、钙、镁四种元素的最佳测试条件进行了探讨,研究了元素间的干扰情况,并进行了检出限、准确度、精密度试验,结果均可满足要求.     

ICP-AES同时测定饲料中钙、铜、铁、镁、锰、钾、钠、锌和磷的含量

介绍了应用ICP-AES同时测定饲料中钙、铜、铁、镁、锰、钾、钠、锌和磷的含量。将试料经过高温消化处理后,直接用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪测量每个元素的谱线强度,并与同一元素标准溶液的谱线强度比较定量。     

微波消解ICP-AES测定海绵铁中杂质元素含量的研究

运用微波消解处理海绵铁试样,结合ICP—AES测定钙、镁、硅、铝、磷、钾、钠等7种杂质元素。加标回收率在92．4％-101．8％,精密度为0．55％-3．85％,方法准确,分析速度快,效率高,在日常快速分析检测中有重要意义。     

ICP-AES同时测定磷灰石中的K、Na、Ca、Mg、Ti等元素

研究了电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱(ICP-AES)同时测定磷灰石中的K、Na、Ca、Mg、Ti等元素。确定了各元素的检出限,回收率在97%-104%之间,RSD小于1.5%,该方法用于样品测定,结果令人满意。     

原子吸收测定酸雨钾,钠,钙,镁干扰因素探讨及其消除

主要讨论了用原子吸收分光光度法测定酸雨K、Na、Ca、Mg中主要阴离子AC-、NO3-、CIO4-、C1-、SO42-、PO43-F-对测定的干扰和采用硝酸锶做为干扰抑制剂的最佳使用浓度。结果表明:AC-<10.0mg/L、CIO4-<10.0mg/L、C1-<15.0mg/L、F-<10.0mg/L对K、Na、Ca、Mg测定无干扰;酸雨中含有大于0.50mg/L的PO34-、NO3-就可降低钙的吸光度,但含量达10.0mg/L也不影响K、Na、Mg的测定;含有大于0.50mg/L的SO24-对钙镁的测定都有抑制作用,且随着干扰物浓度的提高吸光值有变小的趋势,选择0.5%硝酸锶可消除以上干扰。     

微波消解-ICP-AES法测定茶叶中钾、钠、磷、硫、铁、锰、铜、锌、钙、镁方法研究

通过优化微波消解条件,并根据不同元素性质,调谐ICP-AES工作条件至最佳,实现了茶叶中K、Na、P、S以及Fe、Mn、Cu、Zn、Ca、Mg 10种元素的同时测定。10种元素测定结果 RSD%为0.67(Cu)～5.57(Na),回收率为84.0%(Na)～101.5%(Fe),检出限为0.001(Mn)～0.029(S)μg·g-1,表明该方法准确可靠,能够满足茶叶中K、Na、P、S、Fe、Mn、Cu、Zn、Ca、Mg分析要求。     

Quantitative imaging of boron, calcium, magnesium, potassium, and sodium distributions in cultured cells with ion microscopy

A method for the conversion of intensity information in ion micrographs of freeze-fractured, freeze-dried cultured cells to local dry weight elemental concentrations is presented. Homogenates generated from cultured cells are used as calibration standards. Ion microscope (IM) relative sensitivity factors for B, Ca, K, Mg, and Na with respect to the matrix element C are determined by the correlation of IM and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry analyses of the cellular homogenates. After calibration of the IM imaging system, the relative sensitivity factors are used to determine local intracellular concentrations of B, Ca, K, Mg, and Na in cultured Swiss 3T3 fibroblasts. Intracellular B was introduced through cellular uptake of Na2B12H11SH, a candidate therapeutic agent for boron neutron capture cancer therapy. The IM intracellular concentration results show good agreement with published electron probe X-ray microanalysis results. Estimated detection limits are in the low- to subparts-per-million dry weight concentration range.     

Determination of the major,minor, and trace element mass fractions in Iranian cement by INAA and WDXRF

The elemental composition of three different Iranian cement samples was determined by instrumental neutron activation analysis with the aim of quality control. The mass fractions for 4 major (Ca, Si, Fe, Al) and the 21 minor and trace elements (Mg, V, Mn, Na, As, La, Sb, Sm, U, Ba, Ce, Co, Cr, Eu, Hf, Sc, Sr, Th, Zn, S, K) were determined. X-ray fluorescence analysis was also used. The results obtained by both methods for Na, Mg, Fe, Ca, and Al are in good agreement. On the whole, the Iranian cement quality is quite acceptable according to national and international standards.     

Metallic species in atmospheric particulate matter in Las Palmas de Gran Canaria

In this work, we quantified the total, water-soluble and insoluble fractions of 12 metallic species (Na, Ca, K, Mg, Fe, Zn, Cr, Ni, Cu, Cd, Pb and Mn) present in total suspended particulates (TSP) in an urban area with heavy traffic (about 80 000 vehicles/day) of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (Canary Islands). Experimental measurements were made from July to December 2003 on a total of 42 samples (7 per month). Particulate matter (TSP) was collected in fiber filters and high volume samplers. PM₁₀ levels were estimated assuming the PM₁₀ fraction is about 70% of all TSP. Total fractions was determined gravimetrically. Water-soluble fraction was extracted by sonication. Concentrations of metallic elements were analyzed by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Temporal changes in the concentrations of the target elements were examined and a multivariate approach used to identify the primary sources for each species. Mean value for TSP is 71.92 μg/m³. The water-soluble fraction consisted mainly of Na, Ca, Mg, and K. The insoluble fraction contained higher concentrations of all elements than the soluble except Na. In the water-soluble fraction, Na, K, Ca and Mg were found to come mainly from natural sources; Cr, Pb, Cd, Ni, Zn and Cu from anthropogenic sources.     

Multivariate analysis of selected metals in tannery effluents and related soil

Effluent and relevant soil samples from 38 tanning units housed in Kasur, Pakistan, were obtained for metal analysis by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometric method. The levels of 12 metals, Na, Ca, K, Mg, Fe, Mn, Cr, Co, Cd, Ni, Pb and Zn were determined in the two media. The data were evaluated towards metal distribution and metal-to-metal correlations. The study evidenced enhanced levels of Cr (391, 16.7 mg/L) and Na (25,519, 9369 mg/L) in tannery effluents and relevant soil samples, respectively. The effluent versus soil trace metal content relationship confirmed that the effluent Cr was strongly correlated with soil Cr. For metal source identification the techniques of principal component analysis, and cluster analysis were applied. The principal component analysis yielded two factors for effluents: factor 1 (49.6% variance) showed significant loading for Ca, Fe, Mn, Cr, Cd, Ni, Pb and Zn, referring to a tanning related source for these metals, and factor 2 (12.6% variance) with higher loadings of Na, K, Mg and Co, was associated with the processes during the skin/hide treatment. Similarly, two factors with a cumulative variance of 34.8% were obtained for soil samples: factor 1 manifested the contribution from Mg, Mn, Co, Cd, Ni and Pb, which though soil-based is basically effluent-derived, while factor 2 was found associated with Na, K, Ca, Cr and Zn which referred to a tannery-based source. The dendograms obtained from cluster analysis, also support the observed results. The study exhibits a gross pollution of soils with Cr at levels far exceeding the stipulated safe limit laid down for tannery effluents.     

超强吸水树脂的吸水性能研究

对自制的超强吸水树脂的吸收性能进行了研究，分别考察了吸水树脂的粒径，溶液的pH值，几种离子如Na^ ,K^ ,Ca^2 ,Mg^2 等的水溶液对吸水树脂吸收性能的影响。实验结果表明，在pH为6－8，树脂粒径为100mesh-120mesh时，树脂的吸水性能最好，各种离子对吸水树脂吸收性能的影响大小顺序为：Na^ ＜K^ ＜Mg^2 ＜Ca^2 。     

Distribution, correlation and risk assessment of selected metals in urban soils from Islamabad, Pakistan

Urban soil samples were analyzed for Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Mn, Na, Pb, Sr and Zn by atomic absorption spectrophotometric method. Multivariate statistical approach was used to study the apportionment of selected metals in the soil samples during summer and winter. The degree of contamination along with the geoaccumulation index, enrichment factor and contamination factor was also evaluated. In water-extract of the soil samples, relatively higher levels were noted for Na, Ca, K, Fe, Mg, and Pb with average concentrations of 56.38, 33.82, 12.53, 7.127, 5.994, and 1.045 mg/kg during summer, while the mean metal levels during winter were 76.45, 38.05, 3.928, 0.627, 8.726, and 0.878 mg/kg, respectively. In case of acid-extract of the soils, Ca, Fe, Mg, Na, K, Mn and Sr were found at 27,531, 12,784, 2769, 999.9, 737.9, 393.5, and 115.1 mg/kg, during summer and 23,386, 3958, 3206, 254.6, 1511, 453.6, and 53.30 mg/kg, during winter, respectively. Most of the metals showed random distribution with diverse correlations in both seasons. Principal component analysis and cluster analysis revealed significant anthropogenic intrusions of Cd, Pb, Co, Cr, Cu, Li, Zn and Na in the soils. Geoaccumulation indices and contamination factors indicated moderate to heavy contamination for Pb and Cd in the soils, while enrichment factor exhibited significant enrichment (EF > 5) of Cd, Pb, Ca, Co, Li, Mn and Zn by anthropogenic activities. Overall, on the average basis, considerable degree of contamination (C_deg > 16) was observed in both seasons, although it was higher in winter. Present metal levels were also compared with those reported from other areas around the world.     

Relative sensitivity factors of inorganic cations in frozen-hydrated standards in secondary ion MS analysis

We describe the measurement, at 100 K, of the SIMS relative sensitivity factors (RSFs) of the main physiological cations Na+, K+, Mg2+, and Ca2+ in frozen-hydrated (F-H) ionic solutions. Freezing was performed by either plunge freezing or high-pressure freezing. We also report the measurement of the RSFs in flax fibers, which are a model for ions in the plant cell wall, and in F-H ionic samples, which are a model for ions in the vacuole. RSFs were determined under bombardment with neutral oxygen (FAB) for both the fibers and the F-H samples. We show that referencing to ice-characteristic secondary ions is of little value in determining RSFs and that referencing to K is preferable. The RSFs of Na relative to K and of Ca relative to Mg in F-H samples are similar to their respective values in fiber samples, whereas the RSFs of both Ca and Mg relative to K are lower in fibers than in F-H samples. Our data show that the physical factors important for the determination of the RSFs are not the same in F-H samples and in homogeneous matrixes. Our data show that it is possible to perform a SIMS relative quantification of the cations in frozen-hydrated samples with an accuracy on the order of 15%. Referencing to K permits the quantification of the ionic ratios, even when the absolute concentration of the referencing ion is unknown. This is essential for physiological studies of F-H biological samples.