真空下用碳热还原及低价氯化物分解法从工业氧化铝中炼铝的试验研究

对真空下用碳热还原及低价氯化物分解法从含铝原料炼铝的试验进行了研究,重点考察了反应温度、煤的用量、反应时间对试验的影响;最后得到在100 Pa的真空下,最佳的反应温度为1370℃左右,最佳煤的用量为氧化铝完全反应完的理论量的1.4倍,最佳的反应时间为2 h左右.     

超声波法提取白藜芦醇工艺研究

目的优选超声波法提取虎杖中白藜芦醇的最佳工艺。方法本研究以虎杖中自藜芦醇提取率和吸光度值为考察指标，通过正交实验研究5个因素对提取率的影响。结果经过正交实验得到从虎杖中提取自藜芦醇的最佳工艺为：以80％的乙醇＋丙酮（体积比1：1）为提取剂，料液比1：10，pH=6，超声提取温度30℃，时间50min，平均分两次提取，提取率为1．83％。结论该实验确定的最佳提取工艺稳定性好且简便易行。     

响应曲面法优化硫脲浸出烧结灰中银的工艺研究

以炼铁烧结机头除尘灰(烧结灰)为实验原料,通过XRF、XRD、SEM-EDS手段对原料进行表征,采用酸性硫脲法浸出烧结灰提取银。在单因素实验的基础上,使用响应曲面法(RSM)对烧结灰中提取银的工艺条件进行优化,以炼铁烧结灰中银的浸出率为响应值,选取对硫脲浸出烧结灰提银过程有显著影响的变量(反应温度、硫脲浓度、浸出时间)作为考察因素,采用Central Composite Design(CCD)中心设计方案以三因素五水平设计实验,得到最优的提银工艺条件,并获得拟合度高的二阶多项式模型。结果表明:硫脲浸出烧结灰中银的最佳工艺为反应温度50℃、硫脲浓度22g/L、浸出时间90min;在最佳提取条件下,银浸出率的模型预测值为89.38%,实验真实银的浸出率为89.9%,其相对误差为0.52%,表明实际值与模型预测值接近,可用于预测烧结灰提取银的浸出过程。     

利用放电等离子烧结技术制备粒径可控的多孔铝

利用放电等离子烧结技术（SPS）制备了粒径可控的多孔铝，具体的方法为：以铝粉和食盐为原料，首先烧成为块体，再利用溶解法，将造孔剂食盐熔解掉。利用反溶液法研究了控制造孔剂食盐颗粒大小的方法，制备出粒径可控的食盐颗粒（粒径控制范围为5～20μm）。通过系统研究SPS烧结工艺（烧结温度、压力等）及铝粉与食盐配比、粒径配比等关系，获得的多孔铝的孔隙率可达69.41％，最小孔径为5μm左右。     

凹凸棒石/油菜秸秆木质陶瓷的制备及性能

为了资源化利用油菜秸秆等废弃物, 以油菜秸秆和凹凸棒石为原料, 以酚醛树脂为黏结剂, 通过复合、 热压、 烧结等工艺过程制备了凹凸棒石/油菜秸秆木质陶瓷。对不同原料质量配比和烧结温度下制备的复合材料进行性能测试。结果表明, 采用该工艺制备凹凸棒石/油菜秸秆木质陶瓷是可行的, 原料的选择、 质量配比、 烧结温度等参数对材料制备过程及性能均有较大的影响。油菜秸秆与凹凸棒石质量配比为1∶2时复合材料的力学性能较好, 烧结温度在600~700 ℃时, 残炭率最高; 在600~800 ℃范围内, 抗弯强度的提高达到最佳; 在800 ℃时, 导电性能得到改善。     

凹凸棒石/油菜秸秆木质陶瓷的制备及性能

为了资源化利用油菜秸秆等废弃物,以油菜秸秆和凹凸棒石为原料,以酚醛树脂为黏结剂,通过复合、热压、烧结等工艺过程制备了凹凸棒石/油菜秸秆木质陶瓷.对不同原料质量配比和烧结温度下制备的复合材料进行性能测试.结果表明,采用该工艺制备凹凸棒石/油菜秸秆木质陶瓷是可行的,原料的选择、质量配比、烧结温度等参数对材料制备过程及性能均有较大的影响.油菜秸秆与凹凸棒石质量配比为1:2时复合材料的力学性能较好,烧结温度在600～700℃时,残炭率最高;在600～800℃范围内,抗弯强度的提高达到最佳;在800℃时,导电性能得到改善.     

ZnO压敏陶瓷烧结工艺优化

首次采用正交试验法研究了烧结工艺中工艺参数对ZnO压敏陶瓷性能的影响.经试验研究,最终确定出了烧结工艺中的主要工艺参数,即烧结温度、保温时间、升温速率、烧结方式的最佳配比,为工业生产ZnO压敏陶瓷提供了理论与试验上的技术依据.     

鸭血提取SOD工艺优化

基于已有的鸭血SOD提取工艺,对原有工艺进行优化。通过五因素四水平正交法探究热变性实验条件,得到热变性最佳温度为60摄氏度,最佳PH=7.0,热变性时间15min,同时探索不同Cu--Zn离子配比对热变性的影响。通过新工艺提取的鸭血SOD比活达到2150U/mg,优化后的提取工艺对于SOD的提取更加有效,为禽血SOD提取的工业化提供了实验指导,同时为大规模生产SOD提供了必要的实验支持。     

液相共沉淀法制备钆镓石榴石(Gd3Ga5O12,GGG)多晶原料

采用液相共沉淀法制备了钆镓石榴石（GGG）的多晶原料，给出了液相合成GGG多晶粒的工艺步骤及其条件，就组分Gd2O3和Ga2O3的配比，滴定氧化物溶解的混合溶液使其沉淀的PH值，共沉淀后烧结温度以及烧结时间等影响GGG多晶粒合成的重要因素进行了讨论，通过和固相合成GGG多晶粒的条件比较可知，液相合成GGG多晶原料的工艺具有合成的GGG多晶料均匀充分，合成温度低与烧结时间短等优点。     

富铝Fe-Al粉末的热压烧结工艺及组织研究

以富铝Fe-Al粉末为原料采用热压烧结工艺制备了铁-铝合金试样,运用X射线衍射仪(XRD)和能谱仪(EDS)对试样在不同烧结压力和温度条件下形成的金属间化合物成分进行了分析,通过扫描电镜(SEM)研究了不同烧结产物的组织形貌。结果表明,10 MPa压力下固态扩散生成Fe2Al5的临界温度为550℃,随着压力提高到20 MPa,该温度下转而生成FeAl3;烧结过程中随着压力升高富铝化合物会对铁单质形成包裹,成为扩散阻隔层;为了保持铁铝烧结体的含能特性,烧结温度和压力应分别控制在600℃和10 MPa。研究成果为热压烧结富铝Fe-Al粉末提供了理论依据及加工工艺参考。     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.     

Early ironwork in Biscay: Survey,excavation, experimentation and materials characterization. An integral study of the mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte or “haizeolak”)

ABSTRACT

The production of iron in Biscay (Basque Country, Spain) has been a hallmark of this territory of the North of the Iberian Peninsula throughout its history. The Archaeology team of the Basque Country Mining Museum has spent 13 years, so far, studying the origins of this activity through the evidences left at the old pre-hydraulic iron production workshops known as mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte) or haizeolak. It has catalogued 170 archaeometallurgical sites of this type in Biscay, and the archeological excavation of some of them has led to the knowledge of the different stages of the production process that took place in these workshops. The team has also experimentally reproduced the work carried out in a mountainside ironworks from the High Middle Ages, and it has currently started the characterization process of this type of activity through the study of the collected materials.     

Mechanism Study on the Wear of CrAlTiN Coated High-Speed Steel Twist Drills Under Dry Cutting Conditions

As demands about environment protection are growing up, dry cutting technology is getting more and more concerns from all over the world. Main works performed here are study on dry cutting performances and wear mechanisms of M2high-speed steel (HSS) twist drills with CrAlTiN multicomponent coatings, which was deposited using magnetron sputter ion plating system, in drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, and their comparisons to those in drilling the same steel but using monolayer CrN and commercial TiN coated drills. Drilling performances of drills are evaluated mainly through the measurements of width on outer corner flank land and the cutting forces. Results show that performances of CrAlTiN coated drills are better than those of monolayer CrN and TiN coated drills. In drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, the average tool life of the CrAlTiN coated drills are 17.2 and 11.8 times higher than those of the uncoated drills. Observing wear of the drill with scanning electronic microscope, results show that there is no crack or spallation of the CrAlTiN coatings in wear zones. Main mechanism of the wear here is adhesion.     

Effect of Permeable Crystalline Material on Steel Reinforcement Corrosion of Concrete

Permeable crystalline materialcan permeate into pores and cracks of concrete and catalyze the reaction between Ca(OH) 2and unhydrated cement to generate a great quantity needle non-soluble crystals, which can stop up the pores and cracks of concrete, and increase the impermeability of concrete. This paper reported the results of a study conducted to evaluate steel reinforcement corrosion of concrete specimens uncoated and coated with permeable crystalline material as well as mixed with the permeable crystalline material. The properties evaluated for corrosion test were water impermeability, water absorption, compressive strength and potential. The results of water impermeability, water absorption, compressive strength clearly showed that the permeable crystalline material could prohibit water, any soluble salts and moisture from penetrating the concrete to cause corrosion, leaking, and other problems, and it did increase the compressive strength, which was favorable for protection of corrosion of reinforcing steel. Moreover, it was concluded from the potential-time curve that the steel reinforcement of uncoated specimen was in the state of activation whereas that of other specimens coated and mixed with the permeable crystalline material was in the state of inactivation. Above all, it was indicated that the permeable crystalline materialis very effective to protect the steel reinforcement of concrete from corrosion.     

Study on Bond Ability of Arc-Spraying Coatings with Different Surface Pretreatment on Cast-Iron

Arc spraying coatings are widely used in various applications, but uncommon in cast iron substrate. Different surface pretreatment technology is tested on substrates of gray cast iron. Surface roughness and residual stress were measured by TR200 and X-ray diffraction analyzer. Influence of different surface pretreatment methods ( dry blasting and fusebond) on roughness and residual stress was analyzed. The arc-sprayed coatings of wire 3Cr13 (φ2mm) on gray cast iron substrate is studied. The microstructure and interface of bonding layer were observed by SEM. The bond strength was taken by tensile test. Results show that bond strength with grit blasting is higher than fuse-bond; it is feasible to make wire 3Cr13 coating with arc spraying on cast iron substrate roughened by grit blasting.     

Structural Characteristics of TiO2 Ceramic Coating by Micro-Plasma Oxidation

TiO2 ceramic coatings with thickness of 20 μm were formed on the surface of pure titanium by micro-plasma oxidation. Their micro-structures were investigated by by using X-ray diffraction and their surface images were detected by using scan electronic microscope. There were three kinds of TiO2 coatings, pure anatase type TiO2 phase, mixed phases consisted of rutile type TiO2 phase and anatase type TiO2 phase, pure rutile type TiO2 phase. The coating surface with the pure anatase type TiO2 phase is rough, while the coating surface with the pure rutile type TiO2phase is smooth. The upper coating surface with the mixed type TiO2 phases is anatase type TiO2 structure and the subsurface of the TiO2 coating is rutile type TiO2structure.