基于关键词的国内外人因工程研究现状分析

为了把握当前人因工程学的研究现状,本文选取中国知网(CNKI)2008~2013年收录的国内外人因工程学期刊的关键词为研究对象,采用词频统计、共词聚类分析和社会网络分析方法,利用文献题录信息统计分析工具SATI3.2进行词频统计,运用NetD raw和SPSS分别对统计结果进行社会网络分析和聚类分析。对关键词从无序到有序的层层分析,从关键词的角度探讨了国内外人因工程学的研究现状,通过分析发现国内人因工程研究内容比较分散,而国外人因工程研究内容集中;国内的主要研究领域是人机系统研究,国外的主要研究领域是不同人群的职业健康研究。     

工程和设计中人因工程学方法的适应性分析

目的 通过构建一个多维的人因工程学方法适应性分析模型,为人因工程领域研究人员在繁多的人因工程学方法中确定合适的方法解决工程和设计问题提供思路与指导.方法 调研人因工程学方法,构建了一个包含十一个大类76种人因工程学方法的方法集,然后从研究对象、信效度、资源成本以及时间成本四个维度对人因工程学方法的遴选过程展开分析,探讨了适应性分析模型各维度在应用过程中不同分析顺序、不同等级设定级别等对适应性分析的影响,通过案例探讨了该适应性分析方法在实际工作中的应用.结论 人因工程学方法适应性分析方法可以针对目标分析场景有效地筛选出合适的人因工程学研究方法,本方法具有简约直观的特点,在应用中不需要大量的计算,可以为人因工程学方法适应性分析提供方法筛选的思路.     

包装人机工程学课程教学改革探索

为培养应用型人才，以包装工程专业人才知识结构对人机工程学的需求为前提，分析了以产品设计为核心的人机工程学课程的适用性，并结合包装工程专业对人机工程学课程内容进行适当地删减、调整和转换，形成了适用于包装工程专业的人机工程学课程教学体系。在教学内容和教学方法上，提出应从理论讲解为中心转向以案例分析为中心；在教学环节设置上，提出了“理论阐述，研究案例／章节讨论＋设计实践”的“3＋1”教学模式。     

论新时期工业工程学科发展

在简要回顾工业工程发展历史基础上,得出若干启示;分析了工业工程面临的机遇和挑战,提出工业工程学科十个方面的变革切入点;从传统工业工程学科内容、技术与工具和应用对象3个维度提出了工业工程学科内容拓扑结构,据此可以组合与交叉形成新的不同的工业工程学科内容或方向。     

工业设计中的人机工程学理论、技术与应用研究进展

人机工程学是工业设计中重要的辅助手段.通过对近年来在国内外发表的人机工程学研究论文的分析与归纳,较为系统地总结了工业设计中的人机工程学理论、技术与应用研究的进展状况,探讨了人机工程学在工业设计领域内的应用方法、研究理论与技术,并针对信息化条件下工业设计的发展,提出了人机工程学的发展趋势与研究热点.     

基于颜色特征与纹理特征的图像检索

对目前国内外的图像检索理论研究进行研究与分析,讨论基于纹理特征的图像检索和基于颜色特征的图像检索的算法,并提出研究方向。对研究图像检索方面有一定的借鉴意义。     

试论人因工程学应用于核电建设全过程

国内外已公布了许多用于核电厂的人因工程学标准或导则，但用于核电建设项目全过程的导则则尚未见到。经过全面调研，作者草拟了《人因工程学用于核电厂建设项目的实施导则（初稿）》。文章扼要论述了该导则的主要思想和内容，强调应将人因工程学渗透进核电建设全过程，阐明编制并实施“人因工程学应用大纲”的方法及各阶段实施要点，说明应当在各级工作组织中设置人因工程学专业小组或人因工程师负责有关具体工作等     

老年人人因工程研究热点的文献分析及其产品设计启示

目的 梳理和分析近十年来面向老年人的人因工程研究内容和趋势，并思考其对老年人产品设计的启示。方法 搜集人因工程领域的9本SCI/SSCI国际权威期刊上2011—2021年针对老年人的研究文献，通过文献统计并利用可视化工具VOSviewer软件进行关键词共现和时间跨度的聚类分析，掌握当前国际上老年人人因工程研究的热点和前沿，分析和总结研究的方法、特点和趋势，并思考当前热点和前沿对老年人产品设计的启发。结论 当前老年人人因工程研究秉持“以人为本、以用户为中心”的思想，且与最新技术的联系日趋紧密，研究内容和应用范围不断扩大，研究技术和手段更为丰富，学科交叉性更加凸显，其国际热点主要集中在行为和任务绩效、产品和技术的使用、身心健康、摔倒风险和行动安全、姿势和劳作健康五个方面，而新技术的接受、生理信号测量与虚拟技术的使用、认知与决策分析是新兴方向。面向老年人的产品设计应当重视老年人的安全和健康关切，聚焦人机关系和人机分析，考虑老年人的接受度和独特需求，深入到老年用户的心理和情感层面，进行更科学和精确的测试与评估，从而提升设计品质。     

刍议适宜作业的人机工程学设计理念

本文对人机工程学设计、作业研究与机械设计的关系进行了分析,总结出人机工程学设计的基本原则、设计时需要考虑的主要因素和符合人机工程学的设计准则。提出了适宜作业的人机工程学设计理念。     

信息时代背景下的人机工程学研究进展

随着信息时代社会的全面发展,人们生产、生活及人体特征等众多方面都随之产生变化。因此,人机工程学与之相应的研究内容、研究方法等都亟待调整,本文分别阐述了新时期人机工程学主要应用领域的变化,从社会技术系统层面,分析总结了当前人机工程学所展现出的研究领域多学科交叉性、研究内容包容关联性的新型发展特征,并从人机工程学实际应用的时效性、研究过程的公平与准确性等方面提出了未来发展新思路,最后对信息时代人机工程学总体现状和未来可能的发展方向进行了总结和展望。     

Theoretical issues in general and developmental ergonomics

The purpose of this paper is to suggest a number of critical theoretical issues which revolve around the relationship of the human with technology. This has two aspects: (1) the human response to already developed technology (general ergonomics); and (2) the application of ergonomics principles and data to system design (developmental ergonomics). Ergonomics research which does not focus on the human/technology relationship has little to offer ergonomics. That research must also be directed to the problem of transforming behavioural principles into their physical equivalents.     

Towards ecological validity of research in cognitive ergonomics

Psychology is one of the main disciplines that have been implied in the development of cognitive ergonomics. For a long time, at least from the 1960s, some researchers in psychology have contributed to research in cognitive ergonomics with the aim of elaborating basic psychological knowledge, (a) with high ecological validity, and (b) with clear relevance to application. This paper stresses the value of this perspective for psychology as well as cognitive ergonomics, and evaluates the results of such an enterprise. Ecological validity is considered as a particular aspect of external validity that enables researchers to transfer findings from experimental situations ('artificial' ones or designed for research purpose) to real work situations ('natural' (obviously, in this context 'natural' includes 'cultural') ones or imposed by comprehension needs). This aspect is discussed as regards classical distinctions like basic/applied research and research/practice. Attention is particularly devoted to the necessary (ecological) context needed by expert operators to implement their work expertise, which is the target of the comprehension aim of cognitive ergonomics. Conclusions are drawn in terms of methods to design and evaluate ecological validity, not only to understand cognitive mechanisms, but also to improve cognitive work conditions and the overall performance of human-machine systems.     

基于表面肌电信号的人因与工效学评估研究综述

目的 对使用表面肌电信号技术评估人因与工效学问题相关研究进行分析与梳理,促进表面肌电信号技术在人因与工效学领域的创新与发展。方法 首先,概述人因与工效学的定义、发展历程与研究方法。然后,从数据采集方式、数据预处理、特征选择与提取、训练及分类器选择这4个实验流程归纳表面肌电信号技术的研究方法与研究进展,并对目前该领域的研究热点与研究趋势进行详细总结。结论 表面肌电信号技术仍是人因与工效学领域的重要评估方法,随着创新技术与深度学习算法的不断发展,从多模态、多方法交叉融合的角度构建大规模可公开数据集与创新智能化评估系统在未来将成为表面肌电信号在人因与工效学领域的重点研究方向。     

Toward Jeffersonian research programmes in ergonomics science

Thomas Jefferson believed that scientific research could lead to a fuller understanding of nature, while simultaneously addressing a persistent social problem of national or global interest. The two-fold ideals of this 'Jeffersonian research programme' fit well with the inherently practical aims of ergonomics science. However, in the past, basic and applied concerns have not always been well integrated in the discipline. This article makes a contribution, by proposing a novel metascientific framework consisting of a two-dimensional research space that addresses this problem. One dimension is methodological, representing the trade-off between experimental control and representativeness, while the other dimension is intentional, representing the trade-off between knowledge- and market-oriented purposes. The framework helps explain why it has frequently been difficult to integrate basic and applied concerns, and, at the same time, it shows that a Jeffersonian research programme for ergonomics science can be achieved by opening up degrees of freedom for research that have been comparatively unexplored. The importance of demonstrating contributions to fundamental understanding and to applied practice within the same research programme may be essential for survival and success in a climate of restricted research funding.     

A summary of the proceedings of the UK Institute of Refrigeration 1998/1999

This paper provides a short review of seven technical papers that have been presented to members of the United Kingdom's Institute of Refrigeration between October 1998 and April 1999. The aim of the paper is to provide wider dissemination of research and development work within the UK's refrigeration community. The subjects covered include current research into air cycle air conditioning, liquid pressure amplification, the application of wide boiling refrigerants and optimum display conditions for unwrapped chilled food. Also included are papers on recent developments in thermosyphon cooling, the opportunities for chilled ceilings and beams, and this publication is concluded with a paper by a consultant providing up to date guidance on measures to improve refrigeration plant performance.     

The state of the art development of AHP (1979–2017): a literature review with a social network analysis

Although many papers describe the evolution of the analytic hierarchy process (AHP), most adopt a subjective approach. This paper examines the pattern of development of the AHP research field using social network analysis and scientometrics, and identifies its intellectual structure. The objectives are: (i) to trace the pattern of development of AHP research; (ii) to identify the patterns of collaboration among authors; (iii) to identify the most important papers underpinning the development of AHP; and (iv) to discover recent areas of interest. We analyse two types of networks: social networks, that is, co-authorship networks, and cognitive mapping or the network of disciplines affected by AHP. Our analyses are based on 8441 papers published between 1979 and 2017, retrieved from the ISI Web of Science database. To provide a longitudinal perspective on the pattern of evolution of AHP, we analyse these two types of networks during the three periods 1979–1990, 1991–2001 and 2002–2017. We provide some basic statistics on AHP journals and researchers, review the main topics and applications of integrated AHPs and provide direction for future research by highlighting some open questions.     

US science and technology: An uncoordinated system that seems to work

The US has emerged as the world leader in science and technology research and development in the 60 years following World War II. This status is due, in part, to a successful public–private partnership in research and higher education fostered after the war, and to the fiercely competitive and innovative nature of US industry. This paper provides some background to the complexities of US federal funding of research and development, as well as a brief history of US science and technology policy following World War II. The paper describes how research is managed and funded in the US; outlines how the US federal government interacts with universities and private industry; remarks on the nature of international cooperation; and comments on the future direction of US science and technology policy, including growing challenges to its position of leadership.     

软件界面设计技术探讨与实践

计算机软件用户界面设计是计算机科学与艺术设计等学科相交叉的一个崭新的研究领域和发展方向.文章从人机工程学、多状态界面以及视觉传达三个方面阐述了当前界面设计的先进技术与原则,提出并详细介绍了多层次多状态界面和各种图标的概念,并将这些方法实践于国产CAD软件界面的改进设计中,证明了这些先进技术的有效性.     

包装动力学CAI课件设计

针对包装动力学课程特点，对其CAI课件进行研究和开发。课件系统包括三个主要部分；包装动力学计算机辅助学习系统，主要内容包括包装动力学的基本概念、方法、理论以及例题、练习题和检测题、帮助；包装动力学试验的仿真与模拟系统，基本实验的仿真与模拟；包装动力学试卷库系统，内容有试卷、试卷答案和学生成绩统计分析。     

Ergonomics aspects of knob designs: a literature review

Hand-related apparatus designs that fail to accommodate appropriate hand postures can cause hand-related musculoskeletal disorders. While there have been studies on the handling and design of various hand-related apparatus, little has been written on the ergonomics aspects of knob designs. The aim of this paper is to review various knob designs and their ergonomics aspects. The literature review suggests that gearshift knobs, door knobs, gas valve knobs, butterfly nuts and screw knobs are common knobs used for daily living activities. Other knobs like the convex, knurled, spherical, cone-shaped and ridged knob are often used for industrial-related applications. The ergonomics considerations identified in knobs include aesthetic attraction, position, torque requirement and shape-coding. This literature review can be used as groundwork for the development of ergonomics theory and hand-related studies. Engineers can use this literature review to identify certain ergonomics aspects in knobs to improve equipment designs, operating efficiency and working comfort.