动态汽车衡示值误差测量不确定度评定

本文对动态汽车衡测量结果的不确定度进行评定,建立了不确定度评定的数学模型,分析了测量过程中的不确定度来源,并量化不确定度分量,从而求出合成不确定度和扩展不确定度。     

CMM形状测量任务的不确定度分析与评定

研究了坐标测量机(CMM)形状测量任务的不确定度评定问题,实现了CMM形状测量的不确定度快速、可靠地评定。给出了测量不确定度评定与表示指南(GUM)和蒙特卡洛随机抽样两种不确定度合成方法,平面度测量实验验证了不确定度评定方法的可行性,实验结果表明:GUM确定的不确定度精度意义不可靠,扩展不确定度相对于实际情况扩大了11.1%; 解决CMM形状测量任务的不确定度评定问题,具有较强的典型性和代表性,可有效地应用于解决其他精密仪器的不确定度评定问题。     

焦度计测量顶焦度的不确定度评定

分析了焦度计测量顶焦度不确定度的主要来源,讨论了标准不确定度、合成不确定度和扩展不确定度的评定方法,并给出了焦度计测量顶焦度不确定度的评定结果。     

塑料薄膜拉伸强度测定的不确定度分析与计算

主要介绍了不确定度的定义和来源,并以塑料薄膜拉伸强度测定的不确定度分析为例,考虑了试验机的重复性,拉力测试不确定度、厚度测试不确定度和宽度测试不确定度的影响,系统介绍了实验室不确定度的分析和计算方法。     

荧光电极溶解氧测定仪浓度示值误差的不确定度评定

对荧光电极溶解氧测定仪浓度示值误差的不确定度进行了评定,分析了各个不确定度的来源,量化了各个不确定度分量的大小,求出了合成标准不确定度和扩展不确定度。     

自镇流荧光灯功率因数测量结果不确定度评定

本文采用高精度数字功率计测量自镇流荧光灯功率因数,对自镇流荧光灯功率因数测量结果的不确定度进行评定,建立了不确定度评定的数学模型,分析了测量过程中存在的不确定度来源,量化了不确定度分量,从而求出了合成不确定度和扩展不确定度。     

天然橡胶拉伸强度测量不确定度的评定

分析了天然橡胶拉伸强度测量不确定度的主要来源,讨论了标准不确定度、合成标准不确定度和扩展不确定度的评价方法,给出了天然橡胶试片拉伸强度试验测量不确定度的评定结果。     

液相色谱-串联质谱法测定动物性食品中万古霉素残留的不确定度评定

本文对液相色谱-质谱联用法测定动物源性食品中万古霉素含量过程中可能引入的不确定度进行了分析和评定。该过程中测量不确定度主要来源于样品处理引入的不确定度、标准曲线拟合引入的不确定度、重复性测量引入的不确定度等。本文对各不确定度量进行了评定,计算了合成不确定度和扩展不确定度。     

气体标准物质研制过程中的核验及其不确定度贡献

本文探讨了称量法研制混合气体标准物质过程中,量值的核验方法及其不确定度贡献,明确了核验的目的。研究显示当核验的不确定度贡献不小于、甚至远大于称量法配气计算的不确定度贡献,核验方法的不确定度贡献就非常重要,在综合评价混合气体量值的不确定度时不能被忽略。对于气体标准物质在评价核验方法的不确定度贡献时,需要考虑方法重复性的不确定度贡献和仪器分辨力（检出限）的不确定度贡献。研究也表明稳定性考查的不确定度贡献不一定完全包含核验的不确定度贡献,忽略核验的不确定度贡献有可能缩小混合气体量值的不确定度,导致其真值超出不确定度范围的可能性增大。     

F_1等级砝码折算质量值测量结果的不确定度评定

本文主要对F1等级砝码折算质量值测量结果的不确定度进行了评定,分析了各个不确定度的来源,量化了各个不确定度分量的大小,求出了合成标准不确定度和扩展不确定度。     

Evidence for the invalidity of the Bradford law for the single scientist

On the basis of a previously proposed method using meta-informations accumulating during SDI from an international system of the INIS-type, it is investigated, how the scientific journal rank distribution of a research institution, for which the Bradford law is valid, is composed of the single scientists' journal distributions. In this transition from a macroscopic into a microscopic field of scientific communication evidence was found for the invalidity of the Bradford law for the journal rank distribution of a single scientist. This effect seems to confirm a fundamental qualitative difference of both fields of scientific communication.     

进出口食品中亚硫酸盐测定方法的探讨

亚硫酸盐是一种用途广泛的食品添加剂,若摄入过多则对人体的健康产生损害。本文对国内外食品中亚硫酸盐的常用检验方法进行深入探讨,比较了各类检测方法的优缺点,并在检疫工作实际中加以灵活应用,效果良好。     

鞋类通用检验方法的结果分析

成鞋检验方法中的物理力学性能指标主要有耐折、耐磨和剥离强度,这三项指标的检验结果常常存在着较大的波动,甚至有的数据相差很大,影响了质量判断的准确性.     

Concepts of ISO for the monitoring of workers for internal exposure and the present approach for the dose assessment

Besides ongoing developments in the dosimetry of incorporated radionuclides, there are various efforts to improve the monitoring of workers for potential or real intakes of radionuclides. The disillusioning experience with numerous inter-comparison projects identified substantial differences between national regulations, concepts, applied programmes and methods and dose assessment procedures. Measured activities were not comparable because of severe differences between measuring frequencies and methods, but also results of case studies for dose assessments revealed differences of orders of magnitudes. Besides the general common interest in reliable monitoring results, at least the cross-border activities of workers (e.g. nuclear power plant services) require consistent approaches and comparable results. The International Standardisation Organisation (ISO) therefore initiated projects to standardise the monitoring of workers, the requirements for measuring laboratories and the processes for the quantitative evaluation of monitoring. This presentation is intended to give an introduction into some important aspects addressed in these standards: the need for a monitoring programme, the design of a monitoring programme: methods and intervals, reference levels and approaches for dose assessments.     

Variational Principle for the Temperature Problem of the Elasticity Theory for Stresses

The variational formulation of a problem is frequently used in strength analysis of parts and structural elements. The authors present a variational principle whose Euler's equations are the differential equations of thermoelasticity for stresses.     

Numerical-experimental method for the construction of the complete fatigue curve for metals

We propose a numerical-experimental method for constructing the fatigue curves of metallic materials, based on the use of only two values of the fatigue limit σ_a for N = 10³ and 10⁵ as well as of certain physical analogs. This method ensures more than satisfactory agreement of calculated estimates with experimental data. __________ Translated from Fizyko-Khimichna Mekhanika Materialiv, Vol. 43, No. 6, pp. 94–100, November–December, 2007.     

Measurement system for evaluation of the muon chambers for the LHCb experiment

In a detector with the complexity of the LHCb, where only for the muon system more than 1300 chambers, divided into 20 different types, will be used, resulting on more than 120 k channels to be readout, it is of crucial importance to study the many types of chambers to create a complete knowledge of the detector operation and to guarantee a high-quality performance during the experiment. To make it possible, a complete setup was built and a C++ based software was developed to carry out a set of measurements on the full-equipped chambers of the LHCb muon detector. The setup is made of front-end control electronics, high-voltage supply and acquisition circuitry while the software, running on a PC, remotely controls each element of the system and implements a number of automatized procedures to assess the main characteristics of the chambers.The main advantages of this system are its versatility and speed of measurement which are crucial to the experiment since there is the need to characterize every single chamber before final installation. Moreover, in this work it was proposed to measure the starting knee of the high-voltage operational plateau without the use of an external trigger by making use of the internal structure of the chambers. Two laboratories were prepared at CERN (European Laboratory for Particle Physics) to receive this system; one used to test chambers arrived from the CERN itself and the PNPI (Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute) production sites, and one to test the chambers arrived from the INFN (National Institute of Nuclear Physics) production sites. In this document, the hardware and software setup will be presented together with the measurement-oriented implementations.