储藏温度及保鲜包装薄膜对香菇品质的影响

目的研究储藏温度和包装材料对香菇品质的影响。方法采用高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)、复合膜(LDPE/HDPE)、低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)等3种保鲜薄膜材料制袋,并对香菇进行包装,在4,13,20℃等3种不同温度条件下储藏,测试香菇的失重率、硬度和呼吸速率等指标。结果在4,13,20℃条件下,香菇的新鲜度随时间增加明显下降,失重率逐渐增大,硬度逐渐降低。在20℃条件下,香菇品质变化最快,储藏4d即腐败变质;在13℃和4℃储藏条件下,储藏期分别达到7d和10d。3种薄膜材料对香菇的品质也有较大影响,HDPE保鲜效果最好,LDPE/HDPE次之,LDPE最差。结论在4℃储藏条件下,HDPE包装的香菇在相同储藏期内品质最佳。     

不同包装材料对鲜切榴莲保鲜品质的影响

目的研究不同包装材料在低温贮藏条件下对鲜切榴莲保鲜品质的影响。方法实验材料为新鲜榴莲,榴莲剥皮后挑选96块,分别用LDPE,HDPE和LDPE/PP薄膜袋对鲜切榴莲进行普通包装,对照组不进行包装,每组试验重复4次。在(4±1)℃条件下贮藏,分别于2,4,6,8,10 d后进行取样,测定各项指标。结果 LDPE薄膜、HDPE薄膜和LDPE/PP复合膜能延长榴莲保鲜期。结论 HDPE薄膜袋在抑制榴莲失重率、维生素C减少速率、褐变等方面明显优于LDPE薄膜和LDPE/PP复合膜。     

薄膜包装对菜心贮藏品质的影响

目的研究4种薄膜包装对菜心贮藏期间品质的影响,为延长菜心货架期提供依据。方法以菜心为实验材料,分别采用低密度聚乙烯(low-densitypolyethylene,LDPE)、聚偏二氯乙烯(polyvinylidenechloride,PVDC)、聚氯乙烯(polyvinylchloride,PVC)及聚乙烯(polyethylene,PE)等4种薄膜包装在4℃下贮藏,贮藏期间每隔3 d测定菜心的呼吸强度、丙二醛含量、过氧化物酶活性等生理生化指标。结果在贮藏0～6 d,LDPE,PVDC和PVC对菜心呼吸强度的抑制效果优于PE;LDPE,PVC和PE组菜心的硬度略有提高,并接近鲜样的硬度;4种薄膜均能有效抑制菜心叶绿素的降解和苯丙氨酸解氨酶活性,且增强了过氧化物酶活性。结论菜心在采后贮运期间,使用4种薄膜包装均有利于延缓其衰老进程,提高了其品质,其中LDPE的保鲜效果最好,其次为PVC;当菜心货架期≤6 d时,其综合品质最佳。     

不同保鲜袋包装对采后油桃果实贮藏品质的影响

目的研究常温环境下不同保鲜袋包装处理对油桃果实贮藏品质的影响。方法以黄心油桃为实验材料,比较相同厚度的聚丙烯(PP)、双向拉伸聚丙烯(BOPP)和聚乙烯(PE)薄膜包装袋对油桃果实贮藏品质的影响,筛选出合适的薄膜包装材料。结果采用3种保鲜袋包装对油桃果实的贮藏品质存在不同程度的影响,各处理组的油桃果实都发生了不同程度的腐烂褐变;未包装的油桃果实很快失去了食用价值,在贮藏12 d时褐变指数为4.5,腐烂率为65.33%;采用BOPP保鲜袋包装的油桃果实在贮藏12d时褐变指数仅为2.3,腐烂率仅为32.29%,果实出汁率保持在58%以上;BOPP保鲜袋包装处理的油桃果实在出汁率、TSS、TA、Vc、MDA等营养指标和衰老指标上均不同程度优于PP和PE保鲜袋包装的油桃果实。结论采用BOPP薄膜材料包装的油桃果实在常温贮藏下有较好的保鲜效果,有效地延长了油桃果实的货架期。     

甜玉米微孔自发气调包装应用研究

目的确定甜玉米的微孔包装参数及其保鲜效果。方法在40μm厚的聚乙烯(PE)保鲜袋(35 cm×55 cm)上制备不同数量的微孔,孔径为(0.18±0.005)mm,孔的数量分别为2,3,6,9,20,50个。采用微孔袋对甜玉米进行包装,检测在0℃下贮藏时不同时间袋内的气体浓度,抽样分析甜玉米的营养指标、乙醇含量及感官品质。结果甜玉米贮藏前期呼吸旺盛,后期呼吸强度下降,呼吸强度的变化会引起包装袋内氧气和二氧化碳浓度的波动;低氧或高二氧化碳有利于保持甜玉米中可溶性固形物、Vc含量和可溶性糖含量,但易造成乙醇的积累和异味的产生。结论在40μm厚的PE保鲜袋上制备6个直径为(0.18±0.005)mm的微孔,对甜玉米的保鲜效果最佳,贮藏14 d,能保持良好的品质。     

包装废塑料热解特性实验研究

采用DTG-60/60H差热-热重分析仪,对4种典型的单组分塑料即高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)、低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)、聚丙烯(PP)、聚苯乙烯(PS)进行了热重/微商热重(TG/DTG)分析,得到了4种废塑料在氮气环境下从室温升温至550℃,不同升温速率条件下的热解规律,为进一步研发废塑料热解装置和探索热解工艺提供了参考数据.     

不同保鲜袋包装对水蜜桃贮藏品质的影响

目的 研究不同保鲜袋包装对水蜜桃贮藏品质的改善效果,为水蜜桃贮藏保鲜提供技术指导.方法 以"玉露"水蜜桃为研究对象,采用聚乳酸可降解保鲜袋、纳米保鲜袋包装,在0℃下贮藏12 d后转至26℃下贮藏,以普通市售聚乙烯保鲜袋包装的水蜜桃作为空白对照.在低温贮藏期间每隔4 d测定水蜜桃的感官评价、硬度、质量损失率、呼吸强度、抗氧化酶活性等理化指标,在常温贮藏期间每天测定上述指标.结果 用市售保鲜袋包装的水蜜桃在低温下贮藏12 d就会发生严重腐烂变质,失去商业价值,转入常温后,腐烂愈发严重.采用聚乳酸可降解保鲜袋和纳米保鲜袋包装的水蜜桃在贮藏期12 d时的质量损失率分别为2.13％和1.52％,可溶性固形物含量(质量分数)分别为13.43％和13.3％,且无腐烂果实.结论 纳米保鲜袋包装可以减少水蜜桃水分的流失,保持水蜜桃的硬度、口感和风味,增加其抗氧化酶活性,提高其商品价值,有效延长水蜜桃货架期.     

常用塑料包装材料优劣对比

聚乙烯(PE):聚乙烯是世界上产量最大的合成树脂,也是消耗量很大的塑料包装材料,约占塑料包装材料的30%。低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)透明度较好,柔软、伸长率大,抗冲击性与耐低温性较HDPE为优,在各类包装中用量仍较大,但作为食品包装材料其缺点较明显;高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)具有较高的结晶度,允许较高的使用温度,     

PE/CaCO3保鲜膜研制及其在小油菜保鲜中的应用

以LDPE和LLDPE(80/20)为基材,选择CaCO3为无机填充剂,研制PE/CaCO3功能性保鲜膜.测试该功能性保鲜膜的拉伸强度、撕裂强度、透光率、雾度、热封强度、摩擦性能以及透气和透湿性能.并利用该保鲜膜对小油菜进行保鲜包装,通过测定包装内的O2、CO2含量,小油菜的折光率、失重率,并目测每天小油菜的外观变化,考察该保鲜膜对小油菜保鲜的影响,结果表明:Ca-40保鲜膜对小油菜的保鲜效果较好.     

超市蔬菜用阻光包装膜的研究

为了减小超市灯光中紫外线对包装鲜切西兰花的货架寿命的影响,采用LDPE与紫外线吸收剂UV-531共混的方法制备选择性阻光薄膜,UV-531所占质量分数分别为0,0.1%,0.3%和0.5%。使用制备的4种薄膜和超市现用LLDPE保鲜膜包装鲜切西兰花,置于超市用灯光下进行保鲜研究。结果表明:添加紫外线吸收剂的LDPE薄膜的透光率随着紫外线吸收剂添加量的增加而降低;在室温(29+1)℃条件下,添加紫外线吸收剂的LDPE薄膜对鲜切西兰花的保鲜效果均好于超市现用LLDPE保鲜膜;其中添加量为0.3%时能够更好地保护鲜切西兰花的叶绿素和水分,保鲜效果最好。     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.     

Early ironwork in Biscay: Survey,excavation, experimentation and materials characterization. An integral study of the mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte or “haizeolak”)

ABSTRACT

The production of iron in Biscay (Basque Country, Spain) has been a hallmark of this territory of the North of the Iberian Peninsula throughout its history. The Archaeology team of the Basque Country Mining Museum has spent 13 years, so far, studying the origins of this activity through the evidences left at the old pre-hydraulic iron production workshops known as mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte) or haizeolak. It has catalogued 170 archaeometallurgical sites of this type in Biscay, and the archeological excavation of some of them has led to the knowledge of the different stages of the production process that took place in these workshops. The team has also experimentally reproduced the work carried out in a mountainside ironworks from the High Middle Ages, and it has currently started the characterization process of this type of activity through the study of the collected materials.     

Mechanism Study on the Wear of CrAlTiN Coated High-Speed Steel Twist Drills Under Dry Cutting Conditions

As demands about environment protection are growing up, dry cutting technology is getting more and more concerns from all over the world. Main works performed here are study on dry cutting performances and wear mechanisms of M2high-speed steel (HSS) twist drills with CrAlTiN multicomponent coatings, which was deposited using magnetron sputter ion plating system, in drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, and their comparisons to those in drilling the same steel but using monolayer CrN and commercial TiN coated drills. Drilling performances of drills are evaluated mainly through the measurements of width on outer corner flank land and the cutting forces. Results show that performances of CrAlTiN coated drills are better than those of monolayer CrN and TiN coated drills. In drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, the average tool life of the CrAlTiN coated drills are 17.2 and 11.8 times higher than those of the uncoated drills. Observing wear of the drill with scanning electronic microscope, results show that there is no crack or spallation of the CrAlTiN coatings in wear zones. Main mechanism of the wear here is adhesion.     

Study on Bond Ability of Arc-Spraying Coatings with Different Surface Pretreatment on Cast-Iron

Arc spraying coatings are widely used in various applications, but uncommon in cast iron substrate. Different surface pretreatment technology is tested on substrates of gray cast iron. Surface roughness and residual stress were measured by TR200 and X-ray diffraction analyzer. Influence of different surface pretreatment methods ( dry blasting and fusebond) on roughness and residual stress was analyzed. The arc-sprayed coatings of wire 3Cr13 (φ2mm) on gray cast iron substrate is studied. The microstructure and interface of bonding layer were observed by SEM. The bond strength was taken by tensile test. Results show that bond strength with grit blasting is higher than fuse-bond; it is feasible to make wire 3Cr13 coating with arc spraying on cast iron substrate roughened by grit blasting.     

Structural Characteristics of TiO2 Ceramic Coating by Micro-Plasma Oxidation

TiO2 ceramic coatings with thickness of 20 μm were formed on the surface of pure titanium by micro-plasma oxidation. Their micro-structures were investigated by by using X-ray diffraction and their surface images were detected by using scan electronic microscope. There were three kinds of TiO2 coatings, pure anatase type TiO2 phase, mixed phases consisted of rutile type TiO2 phase and anatase type TiO2 phase, pure rutile type TiO2 phase. The coating surface with the pure anatase type TiO2 phase is rough, while the coating surface with the pure rutile type TiO2phase is smooth. The upper coating surface with the mixed type TiO2 phases is anatase type TiO2 structure and the subsurface of the TiO2 coating is rutile type TiO2structure.     

Evaluation of fatigue life of steel using steel grain size

The insightful discussion of the relationship between the construction of metallographic and fatigue life and proposition of mathematical relationships describing this relationship was conducted in the paper. This paper presents a method for estimating the fatigue life, based on the construction of the microstructural material taking into account the grain size and the participation of ferrite and pearlite phase.