Φ100mm SHPB应力均匀及恒应变率加载试验技术研究

大直径分离式霍普金森压杆(SHPB)试验装置被越来越多地应用于混凝土等脆性材料的高应变率力学性能研究,试件在破坏前,满足应力均匀分布要求,且保持恒应变率加载,是保证SHPB试验有效性及试验结果可靠性的关键.以提高试验结果准确性为研究目标,以C50素混凝土的SHPB试验为例,采用Φ100mm SHPB试验装置,对试验中的应力均匀及恒应变率加载技术进行研究,包括波形整形器的设计、近似恒应变率的估算、最佳近似恒应变率的确定以及应力均匀性检验.结果表明:厚度为1mm,直径分别为20mm、25mm、30mm、35mm的H62黄铜波形整形器对入射波形有明显的改善效果,可将入射脉冲上升沿的升时延长1～2倍,且波形呈半正弦状;应变率对于波形整形器的直径很敏感,随着整形器直径的增大,最佳近似恒应变率也在增加,一个几何尺寸的波形整形器只能对应于一个最佳近似恒应变率,且与整形器的直径之间满足线性函数关系.     

主动围压下岩石的冲击力学性能试验研究

利用具有主动围压加载装置的直径为100 mm分离式Hopkinson压杆（SHPB）试验装置和薄圆形紫铜片作为波形整形器,研究了斜长角闪岩在不同围压等级（0~6 MPa）、不同应变速率（50~170 s-1）下的动态力学性能,并对试验有效性进行了分析。试验结果表明：斜长角闪岩的动态强度增长因子与应变率的对数呈近似线性关系,强度与比能量吸收随应变率的增加而近似线性增加,体现了显著的应变率相关性;在同等级应变率范围内,随着围压的增加,岩石的增强效果与增韧效果逐渐增强;同时发现,在围压作用下,岩石的破坏由拉伸破坏向压剪破坏逐渐过渡和发展。SHPB试验中,近似恒应变率加载时间比例约为69.5 %,能够较好地满足应力均匀分布及近似恒应变率加载要求,表明SHPB试验的有效性和结果的可靠性     

基于整形器的UHPC材料SHPB试验数值模拟与分析

为探讨UHPC材料在SHPB试验中实现恒应变率加载和试件应力平衡的途径,采用大型有限元分析软件LS-DYNA从整形器材料、直径以及厚度等角度出发,开展了相应的数值模拟与分析。通过对软件中KCC损伤模型材料参数取值进行优化,拟合了UHPC材料动态损伤行为,建立了基于SHPB技术的UHPC材料冲击压缩数值模型并与实验验证。在此基础上,开展不同整形器材料、厚度和直径下的参数分析,探讨其对SHPB实验中恒应变率加载和试件应力平衡的影响。结果表明:整形器是实现恒应变率加载和试件应力平衡的有效途径;相对于铜质整形器,铝质整形器能获得的更小的恒应变率因子(Constant Strain Rate Factor,CSRF)值,能更好的实现恒定应变率加载;整形器直径增大到一定的程度,入射波将偏离一维应力波传播,建议整形器直径不宜大于杆件直径的0.4倍;为平衡加载过程中CSRF值和入射波强度,建议整形器长径比不宜大于0.2。     

玄武岩纤维混凝土的动态力学性能

采用Φ100 mm分离式霍普金森压杆 (SHPB) 试验装置研究了不同纤维体积掺量的玄武岩纤维混凝土在不同应变率下的冲击压缩力学性能 , 并对试验的有效性进行了分析。结果表明: 玄武岩纤维混凝土的动态强度增长因子与平均应变率的对数近似呈线性关系 , 强度与变形能力随平均应变率的提高而线性增加 , 体现了很强的应变率相关性 ; 纤维体积掺量为 0. 1 %的玄武岩纤维混凝土较素混凝土的动态抗压强度提高了 26 % , 变形能力提高了 14 %; 纤维体积掺量分别为 0. 2 %、 0. 3 %的玄武岩纤维混凝土的动态抗压强度比素混凝土高出 25 %左右 , 而变形能力较素混凝土无明显优势 ; 在玄武岩纤维混凝土的 SHPB试验中 , 试件破坏时刻为 123. 3～239.μ45 s , 近似恒应变率加载时间比例约为 62 % , 且应变率曲线的波动范围控制在 23 %左右 , 能够较好地满足应力均匀分布及恒应变率加载要求 , 表明 SHPB试验结果可靠。     

SHPB入射波相似律与整形技术的试验与数值研究

利用量纲分析理论研究了使用整形器的分离式霍普金森压杆(SHPB)试验入射波形是否满足几何相似律的问题。通过试验和数值仿真对其结果进行验证;基于直径为14.5 mm的SHPB装置,分析了整形器和撞击杆参数对入射波形的两个重要拐点的影响规律,得到入射波T₁和T₂拐点的无量纲表达式。结果表明：当撞击杆的速度保持不变,整形器直径与杆的直径同比放大或缩小时,考虑整形器的SHPB装置满足严格的几何相似律;入射波T₁拐点主要与整形器的直径和厚度以及撞击杆的速度有关,而入射波T₂拐点主要受整形器的厚度和撞击杆的速度影响,撞击杆长度只是影响入射波的持续时间,对入射波形上升沿阶段没有影响。     

应力不均匀性对混凝土材料动态实验结果的影响

利用直径75mm的SHPB（Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar）装置对混凝土做动态冲击实验,然后利用自编程序对数据进行分析。该程序可以直观地显示试件两端面的应力不均匀水平,在实验过程中进行应力均匀性检查,从而调整整形器,改变波形,提高应力的均匀性。由于不能消除这种不均匀性,因此三波法与两波法得到的...     

SHPB试验岩石试件应力平衡时间预估分析

运用一维应力波理论,对分离式Hopkinson压杆(SHPB)试验中弹性应力波的传播过程进行了分析,得到了试件应力分布相关计算公式,讨论了试件应力平衡时间的影响因素和变化规律。以变截面杆SHPB试验装置对煤矿岩石试件加载为例,计算分析了3种岩石试件在光滑的试验入射波和与其升时相同的理论梯形入射波加载情况下试件应力均匀性和应力平衡时间。发现采用变截面入射杆进行加载,能够实现岩石试件在应力峰值之前达到应力平衡,满足应力均匀性假定要求的有效条件。结果表明,采用理论梯形入射波可以近似代替与其升时相同的试验入射波,预估岩石试件应力均匀性和应力平衡时间,对类似脆性材料的SHPB试验设计具有一定的参考价值。     

轻质泡沫混凝土SHPB试验与分析

为研究轻质泡沫混凝土的冲击动力学性能,结合半导体应变测试技术和入射脉冲整形技术对铝质分离式Hopkinson压杆(SHPB)装置进行改进,解决了泡沫混凝土类低阻抗多孔介质材料透射信号难采集问题,满足了加载过程中试件内部应力均匀性要求。通过调整冲击气压对密度为220 kg/m3轻质泡沫混凝土实施了不同撞击杆速度下的单轴冲击压缩试验。试验结果表明,泡沫混凝土试件在冲击荷载作用下依次经历线弹性阶段、屈服阶段和孔壁破坏3个阶段,且泡沫混凝土试件平均应变率与撞击杆速度表现出较强的线性相关性。     

两种致密度2D-C/SiC层向动态压缩性能试验研究

对两种致密度的2D-C/SiC复合材料进行了层向动态压缩性能试验研究, 两种致密度材料通过控制CVI(Chemical vapor infiltration)工艺参数得到。试验在SHPB装置上进行, 使用改变波形整形器几何尺寸的方法基本实现恒应变率加载。试验结果表明: 动态压缩应力-应变曲线呈明显的非线性, 与静态试验相比两种致密度试样均有一定的应变率强化效果, 即随着应变率的增加, 抗压强度提高, 失效应变减小, 剪切损伤角增大。致密度提高后抗压强度明显增加但失效应变减小, 且表现出脆性特征, 剪切损伤角也明显增大。动态试验数据有较大的分散性, 低、 高致密度试样动态破坏强度的Weibull分布系数分别为8.36和5.27。SEM观察发现, 低致密度试样纤维束断口不平整, 高致密度试样断口相对平整; 纤维束多发生整束剪断, 动态条件下纤维破碎多于静态。     

SHPB测试中岩石试件应力均匀性分析研究

对花岗岩、千枚岩、磁铁石英岩三种岩石进行SHPB应力均匀性试验测试,研究表明:试件内达到应力均匀时间介于弹塑性状态假设条件下试件内达到应力均匀时间之间,且试件内达到应力均匀时间与二者的平均值具有一定的相关性。试验中子弹的冲击速度在一定范围内,能够使三种岩石满足应力均匀性的要求,且在断裂应变达到1%之前均有较长的恒应变率时间段。     

Effect of Permeable Crystalline Material on Steel Reinforcement Corrosion of Concrete

Permeable crystalline materialcan permeate into pores and cracks of concrete and catalyze the reaction between Ca(OH) 2and unhydrated cement to generate a great quantity needle non-soluble crystals, which can stop up the pores and cracks of concrete, and increase the impermeability of concrete. This paper reported the results of a study conducted to evaluate steel reinforcement corrosion of concrete specimens uncoated and coated with permeable crystalline material as well as mixed with the permeable crystalline material. The properties evaluated for corrosion test were water impermeability, water absorption, compressive strength and potential. The results of water impermeability, water absorption, compressive strength clearly showed that the permeable crystalline material could prohibit water, any soluble salts and moisture from penetrating the concrete to cause corrosion, leaking, and other problems, and it did increase the compressive strength, which was favorable for protection of corrosion of reinforcing steel. Moreover, it was concluded from the potential-time curve that the steel reinforcement of uncoated specimen was in the state of activation whereas that of other specimens coated and mixed with the permeable crystalline material was in the state of inactivation. Above all, it was indicated that the permeable crystalline materialis very effective to protect the steel reinforcement of concrete from corrosion.     

The Research and Application About "Dry Peeling Off" Technology for Airplane Surface Paint Layer

In this paper, the principle of spurting take off lacquer were introduced; and with orthogonal method the unsaturate polyester was prepared ;it was easy to peel airplane paint layer off with this material and equipment.     

Quality Study of Honeycomb Core Shaping Without Wax Stabilization

Sandwich panels utilizing honeycomb cores result in lightweight, high-strength units that are very rigid. Indeed, they give honeycomb panels the best strength-to-weight ratio of any construction type available. Conventionally, the wax is poured into the cell of the core to strengthen the structure and prevent the core from being crushed during milling. Much time and labor is required to wax, mill, and clean the cores. In this study, the process of pouring wax into the core was skipped. In other words, the cutter directly milled the core. Experiments showed that the compressive strength of the core produced without wax stabilization was only 3% lower than that of cores produced using the traditional method. In addition, the drum peel strengths of cores produced without wax stabilization were 38.4% higher than cores produced using the traditional method, in which residual wax seriously polluted the adhesive. It was also found that eliminating the wax process can reduce costs.     

In-process thermal treatment of polylactic acid in fused deposition modelling

Polylactic acid (PLA) is one of the most widely used open source fused filament fabrication materials due to its ease of extrusion, biodegradability, and mechanical strength. The mechanical strength of PLA largely depends on the proper growth of its semi-crystalline structure, which can be severely impaired by a low rate of crystallization, particularly in open source printers. This can be further aggravated by the non-uniform thermal distribution of heat that causes improper curing among the extruded beads of the printing material. As a result, PLA printed on open source printers does not achieve the best mechanical properties. This research, for the first time, proposes an additive-free solution implemented through a detailed set of experimentation to improve the curing rate through in-process temperature variations to cure the joints among the beads. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy is used to confirm the improvements in the bead joints. This work is conducted in two phases of experiments. In the first phase, a full factorial ANOVA is used to investigate various process parameters and the important variables are used in the second phase to print test specimens in four different sets.     

Investigation of the Corrosion Behaviors of HVOF-Sprayed Carbide Cernet Coatings in Molten Al-Zn-Si Alloy Bath

In continuous hot-dip galvanization process the corrosion and chemical stability of the sink roll in the galvanizing bath are important problem which effects on the quality and productivity. In order to protect the sink roll the carbide cermet and/or ceramic coatings were deposited on the surface of the sink roll. The WC-, Cr3 C2-cermet coatings were deposited by high velocity oxygen fuel (HVOF) spray, respectively. The coating samples were immersed in molten Zn-alloy containing 50 wt % aluminum at 833 K for 24 hr and 144 hr, respectively. The inter-diffusion and inter-reaction of Zn, Al and elements in coating and corrosion behaviors of these coatings were investigated by XRD, SEM and EPMA etc. The corrosion mechanisms of the carbide cermet coatings and ceramic coatings in molten High Al-Zn-alloy were approached.     

Fundamental study of adhesion of ice to cooling solid surface (Discussion on influence of copper oxide layer on ice adhesion force)

In many situations, ice often adheres to a cooling solid surface, frequently causing serious accidents. It is critical to clarify the mechanism of ice adhesion to the cooling surface in order to prevent ice adhesion. In a past study, the shearing stresses of two kinds of test plates with a copper surface having the higher thermal conductivity were measured. The shearing stress corresponds to ice adhesion force. Both shearing stresses were significantly different; however, the cause remains unclear.Therefore, the present study focuses on an oxide layer as the main factor causing the difference of both shearing stresses; the influence of the oxide layer formed on shearing stress was discussed. And in the removal and reformation processes of the oxide layer, the time variation of the shearing stress was clarified. Moreover, the relationship between the state of the copper surface and the shearing stress was also clarified by surface analysis.     

重塑标准推行格局 推动LED照明的普及（英文）

正When you are enjoying the green,energy-saving and healthy lighting of IKEA LED luminaire,you may not realize that most of IKEA’s LED bulbs are produced by the LED luminaire smart manufacturing system of Hangzhou Zhongwei Photoelectricity CO.,LTD(ZVISION).No longer enclosed in the laboratory,the product standards are brought into the factory workshop and even to the entire production process.Thus,the standards are promoted and applied in a favorable way by enterprises,benefitting consumers with high quality products.     

Chinese Experts Contribute to ISO＇s New Toy Standards

正The international standard,ISO 8124-6,Safety of toys–Part 6:Certain phthalate esters in toys and children’s products,was officially issued by ISO worldwide on August 15.It was the first time for Chinese experts to lead the ISO standard development in toys industry.The standard was drafted by a group of Chinese experts from SAC/TC for toys and relevant Chinese departments and finally completed by a dedicated international group of experts.ISO 8124-6 makes a substantive breakthrough in the aspects of the scope of toys,limitation of plasticizer types,control of test cost,accuracy of test,operation convenience,etc.,offering the operational guidance for toy manufactures and testing laboratories.     

中国质量(北京)大会(英文)

正Themed on"quality,innovation,development",the first China Quality Conference(Beijing)was held in the Great Hall of the People on September 15.Chinese Premier Li Keqiang delivered an important speech at the conference.State Councilor Yang Jing and Wang Yong attended the conference with over 600 domestic and international representatives from foreign,regional and international quality organizations     

National Working Meeting on Land and Resources Standardization

正The National Working Meeting on Land and Resources Standardization was held in Beijing on July 15,2014.Wang Min,the Deputy-Minister of the Ministry of Land and Resources,and Yin Minghan,the Chief-Engineer of SAC addressed the meeting.Representatives from relevant competent departments and technical committees were present.The meeting aims to summarize work,discuss existing problems and make clear working thoughts,promoting standardization work of land and resources to a new level.Wang Min pointed out that the standardization work of land and resources should be centered on the basic principles of"protecting land and resources dutifully,intensively and economically utilizing land and resources,and making all-out efforts to safeguard the public’s rights and interests",highlighted the