热历史对SrO-Al_2O_3-SiO_2系玻璃析晶动力学的影响

以SrO-Al2O3-SiO2系玻璃为研究对象,采用Ozawa方程、Kissinger方程和JMA修正方程研究了热历史对玻璃析晶动力学的影响。结果发现化学组成相同的玻璃,热历史对其析晶活化能E、Avrami指数n和析晶速率指前因子υ影响较明显,采用不同的计算方法得到的结果存在不同程度的差异。通过玻璃析晶试验发现热历史对微晶玻璃主次晶相的析出没有影响,热历史对析晶活化能的影响主要来源于析出主次晶相的比例不同。     

PEEK/HA生物复合材料的结晶动力学

在合成聚醚醚酮(PEEK)的基础上,采用原位聚合法制备了纳米羟基磷灰石(HA)质量分数分别为10%,20%,30%的PEEK/HA复合材料。采用差示扫描量热仪(DSC)研究了纳米羟基磷灰石对PEEK结晶动力学的影响。通过Kissinger法和Ozawa法分别计算出复合材料结晶动力学参数。结果表明,纳米羟基磷灰石在PEEK/HA复合材料中可起成核剂作用,能降低PEEK结晶活化能,在加入20%纳米羟基磷灰石时,聚醚醚酮复合材料的结晶活化能(ΔE)最低,结晶效果最好。     

聚丙烯/煤矸石复合材料热降解动力学研究

通过熔融共混制备了聚丙烯/煤矸石(PP/CG)复合材料,并采用热重分析(TG-DTG)法研究了共混体系的热降解动力学,利用Kissinger法、Flynn-Wall-Ozawa法和Friedman法计算了共混体系的表观活化能。结果表明:共混体系的热降解均表现为单一个失重阶段的降解过程,说明CG与基体PP之间具有良好的相容性;随CG质量分数增加共混体系的起始降解温度(To)和最大失重速率温度(Tm)呈升高趋势,说明体系热稳定性逐渐提高;共混体系的活化能随CG的添加量变化,共混体系的活化能在煤矸石含量为20%达到最大值,比纯PP提高了20.29kJ/mol。     

CdO纳米晶的固相合成及晶化动力学研究

以CdCl2和Na2CO3为原料,NaCl为稀释剂,利用固相反应合成前驱体,再经焙烧合成CdO纳米晶.用x-射线衍射(XRD)分析了不同焙烧温度对合成CdO晶粒尺寸的影响.研究结果表明:按Scherrer公式计算合成CdO纳米晶的晶粒尺寸在30～44nm,焙烧温度越高,晶粒尺寸越大;根据前驱体不同升温速率下的差热(DTA)曲线,用Kissinger 和Ozawa法计算合成CdO纳米晶的活化能分别为164.7kJ/mol和175.6kJ/mol,差别不大;根据晶粒生长动力学理论计算CdO晶粒长大的活化能为12.2kJ/mol,表明热处理过程CdO纳米晶粒的长大主要以界面扩散为主.     

水热反应温度对PMMA/TiO_2复合纳米纤维膜的形貌和性能的影响

利用静电纺丝技术成功制备了聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯/钛酸四正丁酯(PMMA/TBT)复合纳米纤维膜,通过水热法处理得到了PMMA/TiO_2柔性复合纳米纤维膜。通过傅立叶红外光谱(FTIR)、热失重分析法(TGA)、X射线衍射法(XRD)等手段对PMMA/TiO_2复合纳米纤维膜进行了表征,借助扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、全自动比表面积及孔隙分析仪(BET)对该材料的形貌结构、孔隙结构进行分析,最后探讨了所制备的纳米纤维膜的光催化降解能力,综合分析了反应温度对水热法制备PMMA/TiO_2复合纳米纤维膜的形貌、结构及性能的影响。结果表明:水热反应温度为200℃时,得到的PMMA/TiO_2复合纳米纤维膜中TiO_2晶型为纯锐钛矿型,且晶体生长速率较快,比表面积较大,对污染物亚甲基蓝的脱色效率最高,可达98.93%。     

差示扫描量热法研究环氧树脂的固化反应动力学行为

本文采用非等温DSC法对环氧树脂的固化动力学进行了研究。分别通过Kissinger方法和Ozawa方法得到了树脂固化反应的活化能,均值为53.65 kJ/mol,用Ozawa公式计算得到了反应级数为0.886。     

纳米MnO_2/膨胀石墨复合材料的制备及其电化学性能

采用水热法原位合成二氧化锰(MnO_2)/膨胀石墨(EG)复合材料,利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、x-射线衍射仪(XRD)、热重分析仪(TGA)对材料进行表征,并将所制MnO_2/EG复合材料(MEG)作为超级电容器电极,采用循环伏安、恒电流充放电和交流阻抗谱等方法进行电化学性能测试。结果表明,纳米MnO_2沉积填充在EG中,提高了材料导电性和稳定性;与纯MnO_2相比,复合材料不但具有较高的倍率性能,而且在1 000次循环后电容保持率高达100%。     

纳米氧化铝颗粒增强TDE-85型环氧树脂的固化动力学和力学性能研究

用超声分散法和程序温度固化制备了纳米氧化铝颗粒增强TDE-85型环氧树脂复合材料,研究了添加纳米氧化铝颗粒对环氧树脂固化动力学和力学性能的影响.根据示差扫描量热法(DSC)曲线,由Kissinger方法和Ozawa方法计算了固化体系固化反应的活化能,用Kissinger公式计算了Arrhenius指前因子,并用Crane方法计算了固化体系的反应级数.研究结果表明,添加纳米氧化铝颗粒增加了体系固化反应的活化能,但对反应级数和Arrhenius指前因子的影响较小;当纳米氧化铝添加量为1wt%(环氧树脂的质量分数)时,复合树脂的拉伸强度提高19%;伸长率提高34.5%.     

水溶性苯并噁嗪单体的合成及结晶性能分析

以双酚A、聚醚胺(M1000)和多聚甲醛为原料,甲苯为溶剂制备水溶性苯并噁嗪单体(Ba-Jeff)。通过非等温差示扫描量热(DSC)法研究Ba-Jeff结晶动力学。采用Kissinger法和Ozawa法计算Ba-Jeff结晶过程中的表观活化能和指前因子。通过偏振光学显微镜(POM)原位观察Ba-Jeff晶型和晶体生长过程。结果表明:Ba-Jeff结晶时平均表观活化能和指前因子分别为67.7kJ/mol和1.2×10~(17)。Ba-Jeff在低温可形成典型球晶。     

溶剂热法合成ZnSe纳米材料

以乙酸锌为锌源, Na₂SeO₃•5H₂O或Se粉为硒源, 采用溶剂热法在乙醇胺(EA)溶剂中一步合成晶型和形貌可控的闪锌矿和纤锌矿结构的ZnSe纳米材料。利用X射线衍射(XRD)、能量色散X射线谱 (EDS)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)对产物的晶型、成分和形貌进行了表征。结果表明, Se源的选取直接决定了ZnSe纳米材料的晶型和形貌: 以Na₂SeO₃•5H₂O为源, 产物为立方相闪锌矿结构的ZnSe纳米颗粒, 直径30 nm左右; 以Se粉为源, 产物为六方相纤锌矿结构的ZnSe纳米片, 厚度约50 nm。进一步的研究表明, 具有合适配位能力的乙醇胺溶剂和Se源对ZnSe纳米结构的合成起重要作用。通过紫外-可见光谱(UV-Vis)和室温光致发光光谱(PL)表征了产物的光学性质。     

Residual/thermal stresses in FGM and laminated thermal barrier coatings

The plane strain elasticity problem for a functionally gradient material (FGM) and a multi-layered homogeneous coating bonded to a metal substrate due to a uniform temperature change is considered. The substrate is assumed to be a nickel-based alloy-Rene-41. The FGM coating is a particulate composite of Rene-41 and zirconia with volume fractions continuously varying through the thickness. The multi-layered coating consists of one, two or four homogeneous layers with stepwise changing volume fractions. With a possible failure mechanism of surface cracking or edge debonding in mind, the relevant stresses on the surface of the coating and along the interfaces are evaluated. For the piecewise homogeneous coating the power of singularity and the corresponding stress intensity factors at the points of intersection of the interfaces and the free ends are calculated. It is shown that by using the FGM coating the stress singularities are eliminated and the stress distribution is smoothed considerably. Sample results for the displacements and for the contour plots of an effective stress governing the yield behavior of the material are given and the asymptotic behavior of the stress state around the singular point is examined.     

Fabrication of Cu/graphite film/Cu sandwich composites with ultrahigh thermal conductivity for thermal management applications

Effective thermal management of electronic integrated devices with high powder density has become a serious issue, which requires materials with high thermal conductivity (TC). In order to solve the problem of weak bonding between graphite and Cu, a novel Cu/graphite film/Cu sandwich composite (Cu/GF/Cu composite) with ultrahigh TC was fabricated by electro-deposition. The micro-riveting structure was introduced to enhance the bonding strength between graphite film and deposited Cu layers by preparing a rectangular array of micro-holes on the graphite film before electro-deposition. TC and mechanical properties of the composites with different graphite volume fractions and current densities were investigated. The results showed that the TC enhancement generated by the micro-riveting structure for Cu/GF/Cu composites at low graphite content was more effective than that at high graphite content, and the strong texture orientation of deposited Cu resulted in high TC. Under the optimizing preparing condition, the highest in-plane TC reached 824.3 W·m⁻¹·K⁻¹, while the ultimate tensile strength of this composite was about four times higher than that of the graphite film.     

Thermodynamic prediction of thermal diffusivity and thermal conductivity in Mg-Zn-La/Ce system

Basic thermal properties and mechanical properties are critical parameters for the structural magnesium alloys.Solute atoms and second phases can improve mechan...     

金属/陶瓷梯度热障涂层

综述了金属/陶瓷梯度热障涂层的国内外研究成果,对两种主要的制备工艺及其特点和热应力进行了分析,重点对梯度热障涂层的设计、微结构、性能及失效机理进行了研究.展望了进一步的研究方向.     

Dimensional stability and thermal stress of 6061 Al/SiCw composite during thermal cycles

Abstract

The variations of dimensions and thermal stress of 6061Al/20 vol.-%SiC_w composites were investigated during thermal cycles between 25 and 300°C. Testing results showed that the dimensional stability and thermal stress are mainly related to the whisker distribution in the composite. For the as cast composite, owing to the whiskers being oriented randomly, the temperature cycles hardly affect the dimensions of the specimen, so this material has good dimensional stability. However, for the as extruded composite, owing to whisker alignment, the thermal cycles can evidently affect the dimensions of the specimen, i.e. the dimension is elongated in the alignment direction of whiskers and shortened in another direction. The dimensional stability of the as extruded composite can be improved somewhat by thermal precycles.     

Low-cost thermal /spl Sigma/-/spl Delta/ air flow sensor

This paper describes the design and optimization of a hot-wire air flowmeter. A low-cost design of the packaging allows good thermal contact with the airflow, as well as good thermal isolation between the hot and cold points. It is a compact solution which allows easy PCB mounting and adaptation to standard-size small air pipes. The design has been optimized for low-cost applications. The sensor is read out by a thermal sigma-delta modulator. The dynamic range of this modulator has been extended by adding a constant power offset to its output. The fractal nature of the modulator response at low-clock frequencies is also experimentally shown.     

Rapid thermal annealing of Cu/WN x /Si structures

The thermal stability of Cu/WN _x /Si multilayer structures fabricated by using reactive d.c. magnetron sputtering was studied using rapid thermal annealing (RTA) and several analytic methods. The analytic methods included four-point resistance measurements, X-ray diffraction analysis, Rutherford backscattering spectrometry, and optical and scanning electron microscopy. The barrier performance of WN _x -layers is compared to the performance of sputtered W layers. It is shown that a 15-nm thick tungsten nitride (WN _x ) layer prevents the destructive reactions up to 700 °C for a 12-s RTA process in a nitrogen atmosphere.     

Simulation of thermal properties of Ba1−xZrO3 compounds for thermal barrier coating applications

The effect of vacancies on structural properties of the perovskite-type oxide was studied using the full-potential linearized augmented plane wave (FP-LAPW) method, within the density functional theory. In this approach, the generalized gradient approximation was used for the exchange-correlation potential. The ground state properties such as lattice parameter, bulk modulus and inter-atomic distances of cubic Ba_1−xZrO₃ compounds (x = 0, 0.125 and 0.25) were calculated. Additionally, using a set of total energy versus volume obtained with the FP-LAPW method, the quasi-harmonic Debye model was applied to determine the thermal properties including temperature dependence of bulk modulus, thermal expansion coefficient, specific heats at constant volume and constant pressure. No experimental data are available and our results are considered as purely predictive.     

三维网状石墨烯/环氧树脂热界面复合材料的制备和热性能

三维网状石墨烯/环氧树脂热界面复合材料由于具有良好的热导性能和力学性能,而被广泛应用于微电子器件领域。但是通过化学剥离-还原法制备石墨烯,在填加石墨烯质量分数相同的条件下,石墨烯/环氧树脂热界面复合材料的热导率差别仍然很大。研究发现这主要是由于石墨烯表面官能团含量不同所导致的,因此很难建立统一的标准评估石墨烯作为导热填料的作用效果。为了避免表面官能团对石墨烯/环氧树脂复合物热导率的影响,本研究小组采用化学气相沉积法制备的三维网状石墨烯作为导热填料,对环氧树脂进行修饰,制备了一系列石墨烯/环氧树脂材料。通过研究三维网状石墨烯含量对石墨烯/环氧树脂材料热导率、力学性能及热导率在高温条件下稳定性的影响,有助于完善石墨烯修饰的环氧树脂热界面复合材料的研究,并建立石墨烯作为导热填料的评价体系。