质量屋优化的混合整数规划模型

利用QFD(Quality Function Deployment)进行产品规划决策时,根据已建立的质量屋中的信息,帮助设计人员确定满足顾客需求的技术特征目标值,用于指导新产品开发,是质量屋决策的最终目标。已有的规划模型大多不能直接给出技术特征目标值,且在建立模型中没有分开考虑离散型技术特征,而是把离散型技术特征和连续型技术特征等同考虑,从而使得规划结果不能很好反映实际情况。笔者充分利用质量屋中的信息,同时考虑离散型技术特征,提出了一个质量屋优化的混合整数规划模型,并给出了实例。     

基于DEMATEL和熵的顾客需求重要度修正

顾客需求重要度对于产品规划质量屋的建立和优化决策以及下一阶段的配置决策有着重要的作用。在分析已有方法的基础上,充分考虑顾客需求自相关关系和市场竞争性评估的影响,分别引入DEMATEL和熵对二者进行处理以修正顾客需求基本重要度,并对两方面的处理结果进行综合,从而获得更加客观的顾客需求最终重要度。实例表明了所提方法的有效性。     

基于灰关联和模糊规划的产品设计改进方法

考虑质量屋模型中顾客需求与产品工程特性之间相关关系具有“少数据”、“贫信息”特点,将灰关联分析引入到质量屋模型中求解产品工程特性重要度。为了在产品设计过程中考虑产品开发成本、技术实现困难、产品市场竞争需求以及实际情况中产品开发成本约束存在的模糊性对产品最优设计的影响,构建一种模糊混合整数规划模型,实现产品工程特性最优设计水平。通过一个智能手机产品改进的案列来验证所构建模型的有效性和实用性。     

基于QFD和SIT的产品创新设计方法

针对产品在激烈的市场竞争中取得成功必须符合用户需求且具有创新性的现状,基于对用户需求和创新策略的系统分析,提出了一种基于QFD和SIT的产品创新设计方法.该方法通过挖掘目标产品的顾客需求,借助QFD质量屋分析顾客需求并获得技术特征间的关系,针对负相关应用SIT理论进行创造性求解,从而快速地获得相应的技术解决途径和方案....     

概念设计方案评估中顾客满意度确定的一种方法

顾客的满意程度是评价与选择产品概念设计方案中要考虑的一项重要因素。利用建立起来的QFD(Quality Function Deployment)中产品规划质量屋中的信息，根据已有的基于语言术语的专家经验和知识，并引入神经网络实现基于神经网络的模糊推理，从而可以有效地进行概念设计方案顾客满意度的评估，为产品概念设计方案的评价与选择提供决策支持。并以工业高速链式平缝机为例进行了研究。     

实物期权的项目投资组合决策优化研究

基于项目投资决策的可延迟性特征,将实物期权的决策灵活性思想引入到企业的投资组合决策中,建立了基于实物期权的0-1整数规划模型.模型以项目的期权价值而非净现值最大化作为投资组合项目选择的标准,通过项目组合投资时机的灵活安排,实现了项目组合的总投资价值最大化.     

BTO制造企业订单定价、承诺等待时间和能力决策研究

探讨了面向订单生产的新的制造模式—BTO制造环境下生产能力与订单定价之间的关系,对按BTO订单生产制造企业生产两类基于时间差异的可替代产品的利润最大化问题进行了研究.假设顾客需求对等待时间和价格是敏感的,基于这种假设,利用排队论建模方法,建立了共事产能和专用产能下整合定价、等待时间和能力规划决策的模型,分析了模型参数和...     

面向大规模定制的产品变型设计方法研究

从产品顾客需求出发,在功能域中通过创建功能模板,对功能模板进行改进得到新的模板,并以此为基础映射到物理域中的具体设计参数,提出了一种简便快捷的产品变型设计方法.     

多顾客个性化需求下产品属性配置策略

以多顾客个性化需求为研究对象,建立了基于定价因子的产品属性输出优化模型,研究了企业在生产能力和成本一定的条件下,如何最优化产品多属性的输出值,最终满足顾客个性化的需求,其中个性化需求用顾客对产品的属性需求矩阵来表示。基于多顾客加权平均属性和属性输出偏差确定相应的定价因子矩阵,实现顾客需求的个性化定价。分别以输出属性的加权总偏差最小和企业基于定价因子的利润最大为目标,建立了产品属性输出的约束规划模型。通过一个算例对两种情况进行了进一步比较,结果表明在相同定价原则下,无论以偏差最小还是利润最大为目标,都能较好地满足顾客需求并得到近似的收益。     

基于产品多域信息关联约束网络模型的设计变更方案决策方法

目的 随着客户需求向个性化、多样化转变,市场对企业设计需求响应能力提出了更高的要求。方法 为实现快速精准的产品变更,提出了一种基于产品多域关联约束网络模型的变更设计方案决策方法。构建了基于产品功能域-参数域-结构域多域关联约束的网络模型,提出了基于该模型的变更影响传播模式,提出了以网络节点代价与连边代价指标为基础的产品变更方案决策方法,以土压平衡盾构机螺旋输送机的变更为例验证了该方法的有效性。结果 结果表明,该决策方法可以快速获得产品多域设计信息变更方案,同时有效减小变更影响的传播范围。结论 对企业提高需求响应速度、提高变更设计效率、降低产品变更成本来说具有重要意义。     

Fuzzy expected value modelling approach for determining target values of engineering characteristics in QFD

Quality function deployment (QFD) is a planning and problem-solving tool that is renowned for translating customer requirements into the technical attributes of a product. To deal with the imprecise elements in the development process, fuzzy set theory is incorporated into QFD methodology. A novel fuzzy expected value operator approach is proposed in this paper to model the QFD process in a fuzzy environment, and two fuzzy expected value models are established to determine the target values of engineering characteristics in handling different practical design scenarios. Analogous to stochastic programming, the underlying philosophy in the proposed approach is based on selecting the decision with maximum expected returns. Furthermore, the proposed approach considers not only the inherent fuzziness in the relationships between customer requirements and engineering characteristics, but also the correlation among engineering characteristics. These two kinds of fuzzy relationships are aggregated to give the fuzzy importance of individual engineering characteristics. Finally, an example of a quality improvement problem of a motor car design is given to demonstrate the application and performance of the proposed modelling approach.     

Modelling of quality function deployment planning with resource allocation

Quality Function Deployment (QFD) is a well-known customer-oriented methodology, which is widely used to assist decision making in product design and development in various types of production. Determining how and to what extent certain characteristics or technical attributes (TAs) of products are to be met, with a view to gaining a higher level of overall customer satisfaction, is a key success factor in product design and development. An operational QFD planning problem with resource allocation is considered in this paper. The aim is to plan the attainment of TAs by allocating resources among the TAs with a view to achieving maximized overall customer satisfaction. Taking into account the technical and resource constraints, and the impact of the correlation among TAs, the operational QFD planning with resource allocation is formulated as a linear program and solved by a heuristics-combined Simplex Method. An overall procedure is presented to help a design team to implement this QFD design planning with resource allocation in practice. This model can bridge the gap and conflicts between the design targets at the strategic level, and resource allocations in the part deployment and operational process planning level.     

Modelling customer and technical requirements for sustainable supply chain planning

Sustainable supply chains are the need of modern times. In order to make them successful, listening to voice of the customer and integrating them in the design and development phases of supply chains are very important. In this paper, we propose a technique called sustainability function deployment (SFD) developed on the concept of quality function deployment (QFD) to model customer and technical requirements, establish relationship between them and prioritise them for developing sustainable supply chains. SFD gathers customer and technical requirements for sustainable supply chain planning using C-REQ and T-REQ surveys, generates priority of customer requirements using Priority Matrix, performs screening of technical requirements using gap analysis, and generates requirements weights using QFD, thereby providing a structured approach to the decision-makers to select the right areas of improvement. Both the customer and technical requirements are captured from a socio-economic-environmental perspective. Results of application of the proposed technique are provided. The strength of the proposed approach is its novelty in integration of priority matrix and gap analysis in prioritising requirements based on their importance and performance in SFD. Besides, SFD facilitates modelling of complex, interrelated requirements in sustainable supply chain planning.     

基于情境—需求本体的客户定制需求挖掘

目的 实现客户定制需求精准全面的自动获取.方法 以人机系统设计理论为基础,构建考虑客户情境信息的情境—需求本体模型并运用Apriori算法挖掘两者之间的映射规则.结论 由客户情境信息映射到客户定制需求信息的关联规则,可以实现根据客户情境信息推导出对应的定制需求信息.运用情境—需求本体模型和关联规则挖掘算法可以实现由客户情境信息自动获取规范化的客户定制需求信息,更符合人机系统设计理论.     

Implementation of a systematic distribution transformer load management in Taipower

The practice of transformer load management (TLM) in Taipower to determine the daily power profile and the peak loading of distribution transformers by integration of customer information systems (CISs) such as, automated mapping/facilities management/geographic information system and load survey system is presented. The load survey study is conducted by selecting 672 customers for installation of digital power meters to measure the customer power consumption within 15 min intervals. The typical load patterns of low-voltage residential, commercial and industrial customer classes are derived by executing statistic analysis of power consumption of test customers. A narrow-band power line carrier-based identifier is developed to identify all of the customers served by each distribution transformer. The hourly power consumption of each customer is determined by allocating the monthly energy consumption according to the typical load pattern of the corresponding customer class. The peak loading of each distribution transformer is then estimated by integrating the power consumption of all customers served. The overloading flags and peak loading levels of all transformers are then displayed on the digital mapping system. The TLM program proposed in this study has effectively assisted Taipower distribution engineers to identify the potentially overloading transformers for load reduction to mitigate the transformer damage during the hot summer season.     

Product design resources optimization using a non-linear fuzzy quality function deployment model

Quality Function Deployment (QFD) is a well-known customer-oriented methodology that is widely used to assist decision-making in product design and development in various types of production including highly customized One-of-a-Kind Production (OKP), batch production as well as continuous/ mass production. Determining how and to what extent (degree) certain characteristics/technical attributes (TA) of products are to be met with a view to gaining a higher level of overall customer satisfaction is a key to successful product design and development. Most of the existing approaches and models for QFD planning seldom consider the resource constraints in product design, nor do they normally take into account the impacts of the correlation among various TA. In other words, most of the existing QFD applications assume that the resources committed fully to attaining the design target for one TA have no impacts on those for other TA. Hence, the costs/resources required are usually worked out individually by linear formulation. In practice, design resource requirements should be expressed in fuzzy terms to accommodate the imprecision and uncertainties innate in the design process, such as ill-defined or incomplete understanding of the relationship between a given set of customer requirements (CR) and TA, the complexity of interdependence among TA, etc. A non-linear fuzzy model is proposed here to offer a more practical and effective means of incorporating the resource factors in QFD planning. The impacts of the correlation among TA are also considered. In the model, the resources for achieving the design target for a certain TA are expressed in a non-linear formulation of its relationship, correlation as well as interdependence with other customer requirements or TA. The concepts of the achieved attainments and planned attainments for TA, and the corresponding primary costs, planned costs and actual costs are introduced. Solutions to the non-linear fuzzy model can be obtained using a parametric optimization method or a hybrid genetic algorithm. A case study is also given to illustrate how the proposed fuzzy model and the optimization routine can be applied to help decision-makers in a company deploy their design resources towards gaining better overall customer satisfaction.     

考虑网点共享与变更的多级快递网点选址问题

考虑客户需求多样化、物流网点共享化等实际问题,结合客户满意度和末端网点服务效率函数,构建考虑网点共享、末端网点服务模式及容量可变的多级快递网点选址多目标规划模型。针对模型特点,考虑网点模式及容量变更设计种群初始化流程,采用遗传算法求解,通过算例证明模型和算法的可行性与有效性。通过与考虑共享不考虑变更、考虑变更不考虑共享两种选址方式对比分析,考虑共享与变更的模型在系统总成本、客户满意度、网点服务效率等方面均更优。此外,实验结果表明,当成本权重超过一定值时,成本下降空间逐渐减小,且客户满意度与服务效率降低速度高于成本降低速度。     

QFD中关联关系确定的正交试验设计方法

顾客需求与工程特性之间关联关系的确定是QFD规划的难点和重点.针对大量数据难以获取的问题,提出确定QFD关联关系的正交试验设计方法.将工程特性作为影响因素,顾客需求作为评价指标,从而看成多因素多指标的试验设计问题.利用方差分析的P值确定工程特性对顾客需求的影响程度,将各工程特性的方差贡献率作为顾客需求与工程特性的关联函数的系数.最后.结合全自动洗衣机开发.进行了实例分析,说明该方法可采用较少量的数据,获得比较满意的结果.     

A mixed integer goal programming model for discrete values of design requirements in QFD

A main feature of quality function deployment (QFD) planning process is to determine target values for the design requirements (DRs) of a product, with a view to achieving a higher level of overall customer satisfaction. However, in real world applications, values of DRs are often discrete instead of continuous. Therefore, a mixed integer linear programming (MILP) model considering discrete data is suggested. As opposed to the existing literature, the fulfilment levels of DRs are assumed to have a piece-wise linear relationship with cost; because, constraints of technology and resource rarely provides a linear relationship in manufacturing systems. In the proposed MILP model, we considered customer satisfaction as the only goal. But, QFD process may be necessary to optimise cost and technical difficulty goals as well as customer satisfaction. Therefore, by developing the MILP model with multi-objective decision making (MODM) approach, a novel mixed integer goal programming (MIGP) model is proposed to optimise these goals simultaneously. Finally, MILP model solution turns out to be a more realistic approach to real applications because piece-wise linear relationship is taken into account. The solution of MIGP model provided different alternative results to decision makers according to usage of the lexicographic goal programming (LGP) approach. The applicability of the proposed models in practice is demonstrated with a washing machine development problem.