中国的EPC管理与规划

EPC系统(物联网)是在计算机互联网和射频技术RFID的基础上,利用全球统一标识系统编码技术给每一个实体对象一个惟一的代码,构造了一个实现全球物品信息实时共享的实物互联网“Internet of things”。如果用公式来表示,可以表达如下:EPC代码 RFID Internet=EPC系统(物联网)。它将成为继条码技术之后,再次变革商品零售结算、物流配送及产品跟踪管理模式的一项新技术。诞生于20世纪70年代的全球统一标识系统(EAN.UCC系统),目前已经广泛应用于工业、商业、物流、服务等领域,极大地促进了全球商业的发展,大大优化了供应链的管理。EPC,作为透明供应链的有效技术手段,拓展了全球统一标识系统,使之更具有永恒的生命力。     

EPC网络及其在制造业中的应用分析

1.E PC网络美国麻省理工Auto-ID中心正在联合世界上的产业领导者和专业机构设计一种给全球供应链带来巨大利润的RFID射频识别系统。这个系统由产品电子码(EPC)、RFID技术和基于EPCglobal标准的支持软件组成,称为EPC网络。一旦EPC技术开始发展,实现其商业化是有经验的标准制定团     

EPC在供应链管理过程优化中的应用

EPC的出现引起了世界各国的普遍关注，在我国也已成为大家普遍关注的热点，得到了国家科技部、质检总局、国家标准委等政府部门、我国自动识别技术等相关行业及企业的高度重视。文章提出了EPC的概念，分析了EPC的工作流程，对EPC在现代供应链管理过程优化中的作用进行了论述。     

基于物联网技术的一卡通系统设计

物联网是在因特网的基础上,利用射频识别技术、全球定位系统等技术构造的一个覆盖全球万事万物的实物互联网。在RFID和因特网的基础上,物联网可以将数量庞大的物品建立起信息连接,实现对物品的管理。总结物联网技术在一卡通系统中体现出来的优势。运用该系统,可以实现在全校范围内的内部消费、门禁点开门、刷考勤、身份认证等功能,代替校内的所有证件,给校园管理带来便利,大幅提升校园管理的效率。     

偏向买方的E化供应链的协调与激励

采用剩货退回合约，以偏向买方的E—SC为研究对象，对E化供应链的协调与激励进行了研究，并得到以下结论：在偏向买方的E化供应链中，供应商对剩余产品提供一定的退款率，可以使供应链得到协调，分销商(买方)总是有动机参与E化供应链，而供应商的参与动机取决于佣金率与协调机制。如果电子商务服务者收取的佣金率低于一定值，供应商(卖方)不需额外激励也会参与E化供应链；但如果佣金率高于一定值，即使分销商提供可能的最大补贴仍不足激励供应商参与E化供应链，E化供应链会因缺乏参与者而解散；当佣金率介于以上两者之间时，如果分销商(买方)从自己的获利中向供应商支付一定的补贴，仍可使整个供应链得到协调。本文的研究为E化供应链的协调与激励提供了一套具体的、可操作的、基于剩货退回合约的协调与激励方案，另外还从一个侧面反映了一些E化供应链失败的原因。     

基于CAS的供应链网络结构动态分析

介绍了复杂自适应系统理论(CAS)的基本含义、特征及其在进行仿真研究上的优势，分析了供应链网络系统就是一个CAS系统，建立了基于CAS的供应链网络进化仿真模型，并进行了仿真研究，通过对仿真结果的分析揭示了供应链网络系统动态变化的规律。     

基于MAS的供应链管理及其IT技术方案

提出将供应链管理作为一种跨组织系统，结合多代理人系统(MAS)模型，通过运用CORBA这种中间技术，为供应链的运作提供了一种可行的IT方案。研究结果表明：适当的IT技术的应用可以减少供应链系统的不确定性，降低交易成本。     

供应链环境下的性能评价系统研究

在竞争全球化的趋势下，供应链管理越来越受到企业重视，供应链性能评价系统(supply Chain Performance Mea-surement System,SCPMS)是供应链管理的关键组成部分，然而企业却不愿意或没有能力建立有效的性能评价系统。总结了供应链性能评价的定义、发展过程及难点，在此基础上提供了一套供应链性能评价的方法，为企业快速建立集成供应链性能评价系统提供借鉴。     

供应链中库存系统的信息熵

由于市场供给和需求的不确定性、供应链结构的复杂性以及长鞭效应(Bullwhip Effect)和反长鞭效应(AntiBullwhip Effect)等因素的影响,供应链及其库存系统存在着很大的不确定性,即供应链中的库存系统存在着熵.考虑长鞭效应和反长鞭效应下供应链中库存系统的信息熵,并进行仿真计算.研究发现库存系统在简单供应链系统中充当了信息熵的"放大器",制造商的库存系统在以制造商为核心的供应链系统中充当了信息熵的"剧增器".最后给出有效降低熵值的策略,比如采用VMI模式或JMI模式,建立各种信息系统,推动式与拉动式供应链相结合,采用电子商务与传统分销相结合的供应链模式,在整个供应链系统中建立一个信息中心.     

基于自组织理论的供应链系统演化机制研究

基于供应链系统的复杂性特征及其自组织行为模式,利用组织动力学模型和仿真技术,对供应链系统的演化机制进行了分析.研究发现,供应链系统的演化与系统的流量、厂商的依赖度和外部环境因素有关;通过仿真研究发现,供应链系统在适当的环境下可以获得稳定态并且存在从稳态向非稳态的临界(流量)值.研究结果表明,供应链系统内厂商通过协同运作,可以达到和谐稳定的合作关系.     

Estimation of Parameters of Universal Distribution of Moments of Failure of Products

A method is proposed for estimating the parameters of a mixture of exponential and Weibull distributions for which the accuracy of preliminary estimates obtained by graphical analysis is refined in accordance with the criterion of maximum likelihood. The efficiency of the proposed method is supported by the results of statistical modeling.     

Analysis of anisotropy of properties on the basis of studies of texture of coarse-grained ingots of thermoelectric materials

An analysis of anisotropy of the properties of a Bi₂Se_0.3Te_2.7 solid solution was carried out using construction of demonstrative surfaces for thermoelectric effectiveness and thermal expansion coefficients. It is shown that the texture is an important factor forming anisotropy of properties and technological fitness of ingots for manufacturing modules. Anisotropy of properties based on the studies of the ingot textures obtained using the float-zone method and Bridgman method (growing thermoelectric plates in a flat cavity) was studied.     

Assessment of intakes of mixtures of radionuclides

Australia has several uranium mines and a large number of mineral sand mines, with associated processing facilities. Exposures resulting from these mining and processing operations usually involve intakes of mixtures of radionuclides. This work describes the development of a suite of first order, linear compartment models, based on the ICRP Publication 66 respiratory tract model, and an analytical solution to the decay equations, for assessing the consequences of such intakes. The computer programs based on these models directly compute excretion, organ retention and organ and whole-body doses for intakes of either single radionuclides or any mixture of radionuclides belonging to the same radioactive decay chain. The intake can be via inhalation, ingestion or injection, and can be acute, chronic or of limited duration. The starting concentration and degree of secular (dis)equilibrium can be specified for each radionuclide. No assumptions need to be made about the relative magnitudes of the radioactive half-lives of the different nuclides.     

Calculation of the Heat of Combustion of Hydrocarbon Components of Fuels

Development is continued of the empirical method for the calculation of the heat of combustion of organic compounds and, in particular, of hydrocarbons of different structures by the additive scheme based on their chemical structure.     

Analysis of the rate of propagation of the wave of change of boiling modes

An approximate analytical expression is derived for the velocity of the front of the wave of change of boiling modes on a rod and on a plate. The impact of the Thomson effect and of the heater orientation in the gravity field is included. Adequate agreement is demonstrated between the derived relations and experimental data.     

Numerical study of methods of linearization of the output characteristics of radio-frequency sensors of the level of dielectric media

Different constructions of the sensing elements of radio-frequency level sensors based on sections of long lines are numerically investigated by means of the Matlab program for the purpose of minimizing the measurement error caused by the nonlinearity of the output characteristic. It is shown that the nonlinearity is lowest for U-shaped designs. The nonlinearity factor KN may be regulated by varying the capacitance of a correcting capacitor connected to the input of the sensing element and (or) the length of one of the sections of the long line. In selecting an optimal capacitance of the correcting capacitor KN ≤ 0.15% for control media with dielectric permittivity in the range 2.2–30.     

Possibilities of Decreasing the Errors of Determination of the Height of the Pole of a Sessile Drop of Melt

We analyze the possibilities of decreasing the errors of measuring the height of the pole of a sessile drop of melt above its equator by determining the position of the equator according to the midpoints of vertical chords of the image of the drop. The optimal distance between these chords and the edge of the image of the drop is chosen within 10–20% of the radius of the equator. The proposed method guarantees the same level of errors of evaluation of the height of the pole and the radius of the equator, which enables one to substantially increase the accuracy of evaluation of the capillary constant and the surface energy of the melt according to the geometric parameters of the sessile drop.