一种低温共烧压电陶瓷的制备

压电陶瓷多层膜的低温共烧特性及压电性能密切依赖于其成分。采用调节压电材料成分,以0.90Pb(Zr0.48Ti0.52)O3-0.05Pb(Mn1/3Sb2/3)O3-0.05Pb(Zn1/3Nb2/3)O3四元体系为研究对象,同时添加烧结助剂CuO来实现多层膜的低温烧结。对多层膜的流延、排胶、烧结、极化等工艺进行探索以优化工艺参数,最终获得850℃烧结温度下的高致密度多层压电陶瓷。压电性能的测试表明三层结构的压电多层膜陶瓷表观d33达873pC/N,远高于同成分单层陶瓷306 pC/N的d33值。采用多普勒激光测振仪进行扫频实验,测定了多层陶瓷纵向振动速度的频谱,确定了基于该多层膜压电振子的最优谐振频率。     

烧结温度对0.55Pb(Ni_(1/3)Nb_(2/3))O_3-0.45Pb(Zr_(0.3)Ti_(0.7))O_3压电陶瓷性能的影响

0.55Pb(Ni1/3Nb2/3)3-0.45Pb(Zr0.3Ti0.7)O3(0.55PNN-0.45PZT)组分的弛豫型压电陶瓷因具有较高的压电性能,已被作为制备含金属芯压电陶瓷纤维的材料等使用。为了进一步提高压电陶瓷纤维的电学性能,采用传统固相烧结法制备了0.55PNN-0.45PZT压电陶瓷,研究了烧结温度对材料结构、表面形貌和电学性能的影响。结果表明,在烧结温度为1200℃时,材料的各方面性能较佳:密度为8.12g/cm3,d33=850pC/N,kp=0.62,εr=7317,tanδ=0.033,Qm=41.66。     

PMN基复相弛豫铁电陶瓷电致应变及其温度稳定性的研究

用熔盐法制备的不同居里温度的Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3基陶瓷预烧粉体和烧结粉体为初始高、低温组元,采用混合烧结法制备出PMN基弛豫铁电复相陶瓷,研究了PMN基复相陶瓷的介电性能和电致伸缩性能及其温度稳定性.结果表明:采用烧结粉体制得的复相陶瓷不仅具有较大的介电常数(室温介电常数为8368)和电致应变2.8×10-4,而且在-10～ 70℃范围内温度稳定性也较好.     

预烧温度对BZN微波陶瓷介电性能的影响

以工业纯BaCO3、ZnO、Nb2O5为原料,按照一定配比配料混合,通过传统的固相反应法合成Ba(Zn1/3Nb2/3)O3(即BZN)陶瓷材料,预烧温度(分别为1000、1100和1200℃)对BZN陶瓷微波性能的影响过程中,对合成的BZN粉体进行差热/热重分析,对烧结后的BZN陶瓷进行XRD分析和SEM形貌观察,利用矢量网络分析仪测量BZN陶瓷的微波性能Q、εr和rf.实验结果表明,预烧温度对BZN微波陶瓷的介电性能影响比较大,预烧温度为1200℃时可以获得较好的介电性能εr=41.6,Q*f=38671GHz,τf=2.8×105/℃.     

制备工艺对PMN-PNN-PZT四元系压电陶瓷结构和性能的影响

通过二次合成工艺制备了0.25 Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-0.15Pb(Ni1/3Nb2/3)O3-zPbZrO3-wPbTiO3四元系压电陶瓷,其中w/z=1.6～1.65.研究了合成温度、烧结温度和极化等制备工艺对材料结构和性能的影响.结果表明:在合成温度为1050℃/860℃,烧结温度为1180℃,极化场强为5000V/mm时,材料具有良好的综合性能,其各项主要参数为:d33=(610～633)pC/N,Tc=234～235℃,εT33/ε0=3950～4015,Qm=81,Kp=0.63～0.66,tanδ=(1.7～2.0)%.     

(0.98-x)BNT-xBKT-0.02BZN无铅压电陶瓷的制备及性能研究

采用传统固相烧结法制备(0.98-x)Bi1/2Na1/2TiO3-xBi1/2K1/2TiO3-0.02Bi(Zn2/3Nb1/3)O3(简称(0.98-x)BNT-xBKT-0.02BZN,其中x=0.1、0.15、0.20、0.25)无铅压电陶瓷,系统研究了不同烧结温度对(0.98-x)BNT-xBKT-0.02BZN陶瓷压电及介电性能的影响。结果表明,压电常数和机电耦合系数都随烧结温度的升高而增大,得出1140℃为最佳烧结温度,其最佳性能如下:d33=43pC/N,Kp=0.2731,ε3T3/ε0=1289.8,tanδ=0.038。     

四元系PZT-PFW-PMN大功率压电陶瓷的电性能研究

用传统固相法制备了PbZrO3-PbTiO3-Pb(Fe2/3 W1/3)O3-Pb(Mni/3 Nb2/3)O3(简称PZT-PFWPMN)四元系压电陶瓷.研究了不同含量的Pb(Fe2/3W1/3)O3(简称PFW)对PZT-PFW-PMN陶瓷的相结构、密度、介电性能和压电性能的影响.另外,还研究了制备工艺对陶瓷电性能的影响.结果表明,随着PFW的加入以及烧结温度的提高,体系的介电和压电性能都有所改善.当加入3.0%(摩尔分数)Pb(Fe2/3W1/3)O3并在1200℃下烧结时,材料具有良好的综合电性能:d33=358pC/N,Kp=0.63,Qm=1655,tgδ=0.005,该组份是大功率压电陶瓷变压器用材料优良的备选体系.     

新型铁电固溶体铌镥酸铅–铌镁酸铅–钛酸铅的制备与表征

采用二次合成法制备了纯相钙钛矿结构三元(0.7-x)Pb(Lu1/2Nb1/2)O3-0.3Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-xPbTiO3(PLNPMN-PT)(0.38≤x≤0.46)压电陶瓷,研究了准同型相界(MPB)附近组分的介电、压电和铁电性能。XRD分析表明PLN-PMN-PT存在准同型相界,且准同型相界区域大致为0.40≤x≤0.44。MPB附近组分为0.29PLN-0.3PMN-0.41PT陶瓷具有较高的居里温度和相变温度,分别为270℃和135℃,同时该组分表现出较好的铁电压电性能,压电系数达到460 pC/N,矫顽场为14.8 kV/cm,剩余极化强度Pr为34.6μC/cm2。PLN-PMN-PT材料在压电领域具有潜在的应用前景。     

Pb(Fe2/3W1/3)O3的制备及其介电性能研究

本文采用半化学法,即硝酸铁代替传统氧化物混合法中的三氧化二铁与PbO和WO3浆料混合,经850℃,2h预烧,一步合成了钙钛矿单相的Pb(Fe2/3W1/3)O3(PFW)预烧粉体;再经870℃和2h烧结,得到了纯钙钛矿相的PFW陶瓷,其理论密度大于98%,在1kHz时的最大介电常数εmax为8000,高于二次合成法和传统氧化物法制备的PFW陶瓷,表明半化学法对制备PFW陶瓷是可行的.     

BNT-BT粉体的低温合成及陶瓷性能研究

研究了0.94Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3-0.06BaTiO3[记为BNT-6BT]无铅压电陶瓷的预烧温度对陶瓷粉体相结构的影响,并在低温合成了BNT-6BT陶瓷粉体,利用这些粉体,采用传统固相烧结工艺,制备了BNT-6BT无铅压电陶瓷;研究了不同预烧温度对BNT-6BT压电陶瓷压电性能、介电和铁电性能的影响。结果表明BNT-6BT陶瓷粉体可以在600℃合成,与通常在900℃合成相比,大大降低了BNT-6BT陶瓷粉体的预烧温度;采用传统的陶瓷固相烧结工艺,利用在600℃合成的粉体所制备的压电陶瓷,其电学性能有所提高：密度ρ=5.87g/cm3,压电常数d33=141pC/N,平面机电耦合系数kp=0.30,机械品质因数Qm=141,居里温度TC=278℃,去极化温度Td=132℃,相对介电常数εr=1643,自发极化强度Pr=23μC/cm2和矫顽场Ec=32kV/cm。     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Effect of Permeable Crystalline Material on Steel Reinforcement Corrosion of Concrete

Permeable crystalline materialcan permeate into pores and cracks of concrete and catalyze the reaction between Ca(OH) 2and unhydrated cement to generate a great quantity needle non-soluble crystals, which can stop up the pores and cracks of concrete, and increase the impermeability of concrete. This paper reported the results of a study conducted to evaluate steel reinforcement corrosion of concrete specimens uncoated and coated with permeable crystalline material as well as mixed with the permeable crystalline material. The properties evaluated for corrosion test were water impermeability, water absorption, compressive strength and potential. The results of water impermeability, water absorption, compressive strength clearly showed that the permeable crystalline material could prohibit water, any soluble salts and moisture from penetrating the concrete to cause corrosion, leaking, and other problems, and it did increase the compressive strength, which was favorable for protection of corrosion of reinforcing steel. Moreover, it was concluded from the potential-time curve that the steel reinforcement of uncoated specimen was in the state of activation whereas that of other specimens coated and mixed with the permeable crystalline material was in the state of inactivation. Above all, it was indicated that the permeable crystalline materialis very effective to protect the steel reinforcement of concrete from corrosion.     

The Research and Application About "Dry Peeling Off" Technology for Airplane Surface Paint Layer

In this paper, the principle of spurting take off lacquer were introduced; and with orthogonal method the unsaturate polyester was prepared ;it was easy to peel airplane paint layer off with this material and equipment.     

Quality Study of Honeycomb Core Shaping Without Wax Stabilization

Sandwich panels utilizing honeycomb cores result in lightweight, high-strength units that are very rigid. Indeed, they give honeycomb panels the best strength-to-weight ratio of any construction type available. Conventionally, the wax is poured into the cell of the core to strengthen the structure and prevent the core from being crushed during milling. Much time and labor is required to wax, mill, and clean the cores. In this study, the process of pouring wax into the core was skipped. In other words, the cutter directly milled the core. Experiments showed that the compressive strength of the core produced without wax stabilization was only 3% lower than that of cores produced using the traditional method. In addition, the drum peel strengths of cores produced without wax stabilization were 38.4% higher than cores produced using the traditional method, in which residual wax seriously polluted the adhesive. It was also found that eliminating the wax process can reduce costs.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

In-process thermal treatment of polylactic acid in fused deposition modelling

Polylactic acid (PLA) is one of the most widely used open source fused filament fabrication materials due to its ease of extrusion, biodegradability, and mechanical strength. The mechanical strength of PLA largely depends on the proper growth of its semi-crystalline structure, which can be severely impaired by a low rate of crystallization, particularly in open source printers. This can be further aggravated by the non-uniform thermal distribution of heat that causes improper curing among the extruded beads of the printing material. As a result, PLA printed on open source printers does not achieve the best mechanical properties. This research, for the first time, proposes an additive-free solution implemented through a detailed set of experimentation to improve the curing rate through in-process temperature variations to cure the joints among the beads. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy is used to confirm the improvements in the bead joints. This work is conducted in two phases of experiments. In the first phase, a full factorial ANOVA is used to investigate various process parameters and the important variables are used in the second phase to print test specimens in four different sets.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.     

Early ironwork in Biscay: Survey,excavation, experimentation and materials characterization. An integral study of the mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte or “haizeolak”)

ABSTRACT

The production of iron in Biscay (Basque Country, Spain) has been a hallmark of this territory of the North of the Iberian Peninsula throughout its history. The Archaeology team of the Basque Country Mining Museum has spent 13 years, so far, studying the origins of this activity through the evidences left at the old pre-hydraulic iron production workshops known as mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte) or haizeolak. It has catalogued 170 archaeometallurgical sites of this type in Biscay, and the archeological excavation of some of them has led to the knowledge of the different stages of the production process that took place in these workshops. The team has also experimentally reproduced the work carried out in a mountainside ironworks from the High Middle Ages, and it has currently started the characterization process of this type of activity through the study of the collected materials.