氯化铵改性Lyocell纤维的研究--(Ⅰ)NH4Cl存在下纤维素/NMMO·H2O纺丝溶液的流变学性质

流变学性质的研究表明, 在纤维素中添加少量的改性剂NH4Cl,可以显著改变纤维素/NMMO·H2O溶液的流动行为及其粘弹性性质;随着NH4Cl量的增加,纤维素/NMMO·H2O溶液的表观黏度和零切黏度也随之增加,动态模量主曲线的交点向低频区移动.对于不同的纤维素体系,NH4Cl对其流变学性质的影响程度又有所不同;当NH4Cl的加入量为溶液质量的0.5%时,对于DP为818的棉纤维素体系,其NMMO·H2O溶液的动态模量主曲线交点模量最大.     

工艺条件对低温燃烧/水热法合成纳米羟基磷灰石的影响

以Ca(NO3)2·4H2O、(NH4)2HPO4和柠檬酸为原料,浓硝酸为溶剂,NH4NO3为助燃剂,采用低温燃烧/水热法能够快速合成羟基磷灰石纳米粉体.通过对不同工艺条件下得到的试样进行XRD、SEM等分析,研究了柠檬酸和NH4NO3的加入量对燃烧反应的影响,以及水热处理的温度和时间对水热反应的影响.研究结果表明,选择合理的工艺条件能够快速合成高纯度的羟基磷灰石纳米粉体.     

Mn4+-掺杂锂钒氧化物的合成及其电化学性能

以LiOH·H2O、NH4VO3和Mn(CH3COO)2·4H2O为原料,以柠檬酸(C6H8O7·H2O)为络合剂,用凝胶溶胶法按xLiV3O8·yLiMn2O4(x∶y=1∶0,4∶1,8∶l,12∶1,16∶1)合成出锂离子电池正极材料Mn4+-LiV3O8,并对其结构和电化学性能进行了研究.结果表明,用该法制备的...     

催化条件对SiO2静电自组装薄膜光学性质的影响

用NH3·H2O催化和先后经HCl、NH3·H2O、HCl依次分步催化分别制备了SiO2溶胶.在低折射率的玻璃基片上用静电自组装(electrostatic selfassembly multilayer,ESAM)法制备了聚电介质PDDA与SiO2的光学增透薄膜.研究了制备SiO2溶胶的催化条件对SiO2的光学增透薄膜在可见光区透光特性的影响.用傅立叶红外光谱仪(FT-IR)、X光电子能谱(XPS)、透射电镜(TEM)对薄膜进行了组成和结构分析,用721分光光度计测试薄膜的透光性能.结果显示,两种薄膜都使基片的透过率得到大大增加.NH3·H2O催化SiO2溶胶制备的SiO2光学增透膜使基片在波长为520nm处透过率达到99.2%,相对于HCl与NH3·H2O分步催化制备的薄膜强,但薄膜的耐刮伤能力较相对较差.     

湿化学法制备 Y2O3纳米粉及透明陶瓷

以Y(NO3)3溶液和NH3·H2O为原料,制备了Y2O3纳米粉体.先驱沉淀物的化学组成为Y2(OH)5NO3·H2O.研究了pH值及滴加过程对先驱沉淀物形貌及Y2O3产物烧结性的影响.正向滴定,pH值较低时(pH=7.9),先驱沉淀物为片状结构;pH值较高时(pH=10.0),先驱沉淀物片层状结构特性减轻,并且颗粒变的细小.反向滴加时,片层状结构特征消失,主要为块状晶粒.先驱沉淀物为片状结构时,得到的粉体活性较高.添加适量的(NH4)2SO4能够减轻Y2O3粉体的团聚,沉淀的同时控制pH值在9以下,所得到的粉体具有更好的烧结性能.采用得到的Y2O3纳米粉,不加入任何烧结助剂,经1700℃真空烧结4h得到了透明Y2O3陶瓷.     

醇-水法制备纳米晶NiO粉体

Ni(NO3 ) 2 ·6H2 O和NH4HCO3 在醇 水溶液中反应合成NiCO3 · 2Ni(OH) 2 ·2H2 O前驱体 ,经煅烧后得到大约 10nmNiO粉体。同传统的水溶液法相比 ,醇 水法得到的NiO粉体粒径尺寸小、分布范围窄和团聚少 ,PEG的添加能够减少团聚     

纳米γ-Fe_2O_3的室温固相反应工艺研究

采用室温固相法合成了γ-Fe2O3的前驱体FeC2O4·2H2O及纳米γ-Fe2O3。以FeSO4·7H2O和H2C2O4·2H2O为原料,先得到了前驱体FeC2O4·2H2O,通过对反应机理的初步探讨,并研究其物质结构、分解过程和合适煅烧温度,最后在400℃下煅烧前驱体3h得到γ-Fe2O3纳米粒子。经热重(TG-DTA)、X射线衍射(XRD)和透射电镜(TEM)测试手段的分析,结果表明:室温固相法合成纳米γ-Fe2O3产物γ-Fe2O3纯净、粒子为纳米级且分布均匀。     

在Ca(OH)2碱性条件下亚硫酸钙对矿渣的激发作用研究

采用DTA、XRD、SEM等测试方法 ,研究了在Ca(OH) 2 碱性条件下CaSO3·1 2H2 O对矿渣的激发作用 ,并与CaSO4·2H2 O对矿渣的激发作用进行了对比。结果表明 :CaSO3·1 2H2 O对矿渣的激发作用远不如CaSO4·2H2 O ,CaSO3·1 2H2 O和铝酸盐反应主要生成片状的C3A·CaSO3·11H2 O     

低热固相反应制备纳米铈镍铁氧体粉末

采用Ce(NO3 ) 3 ·6H2 O、NiSO4·6H2 O、FeCl3 ·3H2 O和H2 C2 O4·2H2 O为原料 ,室温固相反应制备出相应的草酸盐前驱物 ,将前驱物在 3 80℃下分解 3h ,得到Ce0 .2 5NiFeO3 的棕黑色粉末 ,用热分析、X射线粉末衍射、透射电镜、扫描电镜对产物的组成、大小、形貌及有关性质进行了表征。结果表明获得了平均粒径为 3 0nm、分布均匀、无团聚的铈镍铁氧体纳米粉末     

三醋酸纤维素中空纤维纳滤膜的研制

采用三醋酸纤维素 (CTA)为膜材料 ,环丁砜作溶剂 ,以聚乙二醇 (PEG)为主、加入适量其它添加剂组合成多元型致孔剂 ,通过冻胶法纺丝 ,制得中空纤维纳滤 (NF)膜 .该膜在给水质量浓度 2 0 0 0mg/L、操作压力 1.0MPa、水温 2 5℃条件下 ,对MgSO4 、NaCl的脱除率分别大于 96%和小于 5 0 % ,透水量均大于 2 .5mL/ (cm2 ·h) .还讨论了纺丝配方、热处理温度和操作条件等因素对膜性能的影响     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.     

Early ironwork in Biscay: Survey,excavation, experimentation and materials characterization. An integral study of the mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte or “haizeolak”)

ABSTRACT

The production of iron in Biscay (Basque Country, Spain) has been a hallmark of this territory of the North of the Iberian Peninsula throughout its history. The Archaeology team of the Basque Country Mining Museum has spent 13 years, so far, studying the origins of this activity through the evidences left at the old pre-hydraulic iron production workshops known as mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte) or haizeolak. It has catalogued 170 archaeometallurgical sites of this type in Biscay, and the archeological excavation of some of them has led to the knowledge of the different stages of the production process that took place in these workshops. The team has also experimentally reproduced the work carried out in a mountainside ironworks from the High Middle Ages, and it has currently started the characterization process of this type of activity through the study of the collected materials.     

Mechanism Study on the Wear of CrAlTiN Coated High-Speed Steel Twist Drills Under Dry Cutting Conditions

As demands about environment protection are growing up, dry cutting technology is getting more and more concerns from all over the world. Main works performed here are study on dry cutting performances and wear mechanisms of M2high-speed steel (HSS) twist drills with CrAlTiN multicomponent coatings, which was deposited using magnetron sputter ion plating system, in drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, and their comparisons to those in drilling the same steel but using monolayer CrN and commercial TiN coated drills. Drilling performances of drills are evaluated mainly through the measurements of width on outer corner flank land and the cutting forces. Results show that performances of CrAlTiN coated drills are better than those of monolayer CrN and TiN coated drills. In drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, the average tool life of the CrAlTiN coated drills are 17.2 and 11.8 times higher than those of the uncoated drills. Observing wear of the drill with scanning electronic microscope, results show that there is no crack or spallation of the CrAlTiN coatings in wear zones. Main mechanism of the wear here is adhesion.     

Study on Bond Ability of Arc-Spraying Coatings with Different Surface Pretreatment on Cast-Iron

Arc spraying coatings are widely used in various applications, but uncommon in cast iron substrate. Different surface pretreatment technology is tested on substrates of gray cast iron. Surface roughness and residual stress were measured by TR200 and X-ray diffraction analyzer. Influence of different surface pretreatment methods ( dry blasting and fusebond) on roughness and residual stress was analyzed. The arc-sprayed coatings of wire 3Cr13 (φ2mm) on gray cast iron substrate is studied. The microstructure and interface of bonding layer were observed by SEM. The bond strength was taken by tensile test. Results show that bond strength with grit blasting is higher than fuse-bond; it is feasible to make wire 3Cr13 coating with arc spraying on cast iron substrate roughened by grit blasting.     

Structural Characteristics of TiO2 Ceramic Coating by Micro-Plasma Oxidation

TiO2 ceramic coatings with thickness of 20 μm were formed on the surface of pure titanium by micro-plasma oxidation. Their micro-structures were investigated by by using X-ray diffraction and their surface images were detected by using scan electronic microscope. There were three kinds of TiO2 coatings, pure anatase type TiO2 phase, mixed phases consisted of rutile type TiO2 phase and anatase type TiO2 phase, pure rutile type TiO2 phase. The coating surface with the pure anatase type TiO2 phase is rough, while the coating surface with the pure rutile type TiO2phase is smooth. The upper coating surface with the mixed type TiO2 phases is anatase type TiO2 structure and the subsurface of the TiO2 coating is rutile type TiO2structure.     

Evaluation of fatigue life of steel using steel grain size

The insightful discussion of the relationship between the construction of metallographic and fatigue life and proposition of mathematical relationships describing this relationship was conducted in the paper. This paper presents a method for estimating the fatigue life, based on the construction of the microstructural material taking into account the grain size and the participation of ferrite and pearlite phase.