用模态参数识别结果对实际结构有限元动力模型的修正

本文针对用模态参数识别结果修正结构理论计算模型所面临着的问题,提出了一个改进的修正过程。本修正过程以一组精度较高的模态参数识别结果为基准,对初始有限元模型用很小的结构参数修正量,得到一个可以更准确地求出基准模态参数的有限元计算模型。数值算例表明,这一修正过程在工程应用中是可行的。     

基于子结构分析的多重子步模型修正方法

为了解决模型修正过程中修正目标众多和测量信息有限的矛盾，提出了多重子步模型修正方法(MSMUM)，先进行误差定位，再实现参数修正，把复杂的模型修正过程分步实现。利用子结构技术，使结构模型在整体上仅包含有限数目的子结构，对各子结构所对应的超级单元的刚度参与系数进行识别来实现误差定位，通过建立测量信息与待修正参数间的代数方程来修正误差定位后子结构内部构件的参数。数值算例表明，建立的模型修正方法有效可靠。利用建立的多重子步模型修正方法对润扬大桥南汊悬索桥桥塔模型进行了修正。     

基于应用程序交互访问技术的桥梁有限元模型修正研究

传统的有限元模型修正方法对于具有复杂多自由体系的大型桥梁结构显得束手无策,其中一个重要的原因是大型桥梁结构体系很难用有限元编程精确地表达,难以建立完整的或者缩聚的质量矩阵和刚度矩阵。该文开发了基于应用程序交互访问的有限元模型修正模式,首先在Strand7软件中建立初始的有限元模型,然后利用MATLAB建立迭代程序并调用Strand7软件,通过读写Strand7中的物理参数来更新模型,实现了大型桥梁结构有限元模型修正。该文对一座实桥进行多参考点脉冲锤击法模态试验和静载试验,基于获得的静动力试验数据和Strand7有限元模型分析结果,引入损伤函数的概念识别得到了该桥各梁的分段刚度,成功地实现了单元层次的参数识别。     

结合SVR响应面与粒子群优化的有限元模型修正

提出了一种模型修正方法，可以在不依赖模型灵敏度的前提下，利用较少的计算量实现对结构有限元模型的参数修正。该方法首先构建代理模型替代结构有限元模型，通过计算少量样本点，训练支持向量回归机(support vector regression, SVR)预测参数所对应的响应；其次，以结构固有频率的残差为目标函数，利用粒子群优化算法实现全局寻优求解，得到修正后的有限元模型参数；进一步，以带孔平板为试验研究对象，基于实测数据验证了所提方法的有效性，并讨论不同参数、样本点数等对模型修正精度的影响；最后，用某卫星结构模型修正算例证明了该方法相对基于灵敏度分析的方法在计算耗时上的优势。该研究旨在为具有复杂参数-响应特征的结构模型修正提供技术支持。     

基于环境振动测量值的悬索桥结构动力模型修正

以主跨1385米的江阴长江公路大桥为背景，研究利用环境振动测量值进行悬索桥结构有限元模型修正的可行性。采用的模型修正方法以结构特值灵敏度分析为基础，通过迭代求解二次规划问题修正有限元模型参数。根据江阴长江公路大桥的设计图纸建立悬索桥三维有限元模型固有振动分析。同时利用大桥现场环境振动测量值得到一组结构实测模态参数，用以作为有限元模型修正的基准，根据结构特征值灵敏度分析结构选择了一组待修正结构参数并予以修正，修正后有限元模型的动力特征更加趋近于环境振动实测值，最后指出了模型修正不能完全消失大桥结构理论－实测频率差的可能原因。     

基于分层思想对复杂工程结构的有限元模型修正技术研究

由于复杂工程结构的有限元模型中不确定参数较多,不确定参数的变化范围较大,对其修正时目标参数难以收敛,针对此问题提出引入模型确认技术中的分层思想,建立了分层模型修正技术的数学模型,把复杂工程结构按连接特性分解为若干个子结构,再把子结构分成若干个零件,分别对零件、子结构进行修正，最后不需要对整体结构进行修正而生成工程中可接受的有限元模型，以模型确认技术领域内的benchmark模型为例进行分层修正，研究结果表明了基于分层思想的有限元模型修正结果精度较高，具有较大的工程应用价值。     

应用BP神经网络修正有限元模型中的刚度矩阵

在有限元素法中，用理论分析建立的有限元模型很难完全与实际相符，这便带来了如何寻找有限元模型的误差源和怎样对它进行修正的问题。用静力试验修正刚度矩阵，再以修正后的刚度矩阵为基准修正其它矩阵是方法之一。目前存在的问题是该方法的修正结果对静位移中各元素相对误差的不一致具有高度敏感性。本文应用神经网络修正有限元模型中的刚度矩阵，既消除了上述敏感性，同时具有可修正性。     

基于位移频响函数灵敏度分析的模型修正

针对频响函数灵敏度分析法进行模型修正时,由于一阶近似固有的局限性,很难直接迭代得到正确收敛结果的问题,提出了频响函数灵敏度拟合函数进行基于模型修正的结构损伤识别方法。首先,采用模态参与变异系数准则选取激励点位置、频率响应有效独立法结合距离系数-有效独立法选取测点位置;然后,综合考虑频响函数对修正参数变化的灵敏度和频响函数的相关性,选择一个合理的频率点;最后,拟合随参数变化的频响函数灵敏度函数曲线,引入新的中间设计参数,从而建立中间设计参数的频响函数灵敏度方程组,通过求解中间设计参数的改变量来求解修正参数的改变量。三自由度质量—弹簧和二维桁架系统的数值算例验证了所提出方法的可行性;数值算例表明,该方法具有较高的计算效率和识别精度,也对随机噪声具有鲁棒性,同时有效地避免了灵敏度方程组数值平衡导致的收敛问题。     

基于响应面的刚构-连续组合梁桥有限元模型修正

首先对响应面法在有限元模型修正中应用的主要问题,包括实验设计、参数筛选、响应面拟合及参数优化等进行了讨论,进而基于现场动力试验数据对一刚构-连续组合梁桥#x02014;靖远黄河大桥的有限元模型进行了修正。选取箱梁和桥墩的弹性模量以及连续墩顶支座及边跨联端支座的横向和竖向刚度为修正参数,采用中心复合设计法进行实验设计、计算样本值,分别构造两个响应面模型,其中一个考虑交互项的影响、一个不考虑交互项的影响,然后以这两个响应面模型代替初始有限元模型分别进行修正。修正结果表明,考虑和不考虑交互项的影响对修正后部分参数的取值有一定的影响,而对频率的修正精度影响不大。两种模型修正后的频率取值均与实测频率较吻合,修正后的模型能准确地反映桥梁的动力特性,可作为后续损伤识别及状态评估的基准模型。     

基于Kriging模型和分层模型修正技术的结构边界条件识别

为得到能够准确反映结构装配关系的有限元模型边界条件，结合Kriging模型和分层模型修正技术，提出了一种结构边界条件识别方法。为削弱材料参数误差对边界条件识别的影响和改善修正不适定，利用实测自由模态频率，修正有限元模型的材料参数；以修正后的模型为基础进行边界条件识别，通过灵敏度分析确定模型的待修正边界参数，采用拉丁超立方抽样(Latin hypercube sampling, LHS)进行试验设计，并以实测约束模态频率与Kriging模型预测频率的差值最小为目标函数，利用粒子群算法求解最优参数。某包装机械摇臂连杆结构的试验结果表明，与传统的边界条件识别方法相比，所提方法具有较好的识别效果，识别得到的边界参数、结构响应等与实际结构具有较好的一致性。     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.     

Early ironwork in Biscay: Survey,excavation, experimentation and materials characterization. An integral study of the mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte or “haizeolak”)

ABSTRACT

The production of iron in Biscay (Basque Country, Spain) has been a hallmark of this territory of the North of the Iberian Peninsula throughout its history. The Archaeology team of the Basque Country Mining Museum has spent 13 years, so far, studying the origins of this activity through the evidences left at the old pre-hydraulic iron production workshops known as mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte) or haizeolak. It has catalogued 170 archaeometallurgical sites of this type in Biscay, and the archeological excavation of some of them has led to the knowledge of the different stages of the production process that took place in these workshops. The team has also experimentally reproduced the work carried out in a mountainside ironworks from the High Middle Ages, and it has currently started the characterization process of this type of activity through the study of the collected materials.     

Mechanism Study on the Wear of CrAlTiN Coated High-Speed Steel Twist Drills Under Dry Cutting Conditions

As demands about environment protection are growing up, dry cutting technology is getting more and more concerns from all over the world. Main works performed here are study on dry cutting performances and wear mechanisms of M2high-speed steel (HSS) twist drills with CrAlTiN multicomponent coatings, which was deposited using magnetron sputter ion plating system, in drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, and their comparisons to those in drilling the same steel but using monolayer CrN and commercial TiN coated drills. Drilling performances of drills are evaluated mainly through the measurements of width on outer corner flank land and the cutting forces. Results show that performances of CrAlTiN coated drills are better than those of monolayer CrN and TiN coated drills. In drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, the average tool life of the CrAlTiN coated drills are 17.2 and 11.8 times higher than those of the uncoated drills. Observing wear of the drill with scanning electronic microscope, results show that there is no crack or spallation of the CrAlTiN coatings in wear zones. Main mechanism of the wear here is adhesion.     

Study on Bond Ability of Arc-Spraying Coatings with Different Surface Pretreatment on Cast-Iron

Arc spraying coatings are widely used in various applications, but uncommon in cast iron substrate. Different surface pretreatment technology is tested on substrates of gray cast iron. Surface roughness and residual stress were measured by TR200 and X-ray diffraction analyzer. Influence of different surface pretreatment methods ( dry blasting and fusebond) on roughness and residual stress was analyzed. The arc-sprayed coatings of wire 3Cr13 (φ2mm) on gray cast iron substrate is studied. The microstructure and interface of bonding layer were observed by SEM. The bond strength was taken by tensile test. Results show that bond strength with grit blasting is higher than fuse-bond; it is feasible to make wire 3Cr13 coating with arc spraying on cast iron substrate roughened by grit blasting.     

Structural Characteristics of TiO2 Ceramic Coating by Micro-Plasma Oxidation

TiO2 ceramic coatings with thickness of 20 μm were formed on the surface of pure titanium by micro-plasma oxidation. Their micro-structures were investigated by by using X-ray diffraction and their surface images were detected by using scan electronic microscope. There were three kinds of TiO2 coatings, pure anatase type TiO2 phase, mixed phases consisted of rutile type TiO2 phase and anatase type TiO2 phase, pure rutile type TiO2 phase. The coating surface with the pure anatase type TiO2 phase is rough, while the coating surface with the pure rutile type TiO2phase is smooth. The upper coating surface with the mixed type TiO2 phases is anatase type TiO2 structure and the subsurface of the TiO2 coating is rutile type TiO2structure.     

Evaluation of fatigue life of steel using steel grain size

The insightful discussion of the relationship between the construction of metallographic and fatigue life and proposition of mathematical relationships describing this relationship was conducted in the paper. This paper presents a method for estimating the fatigue life, based on the construction of the microstructural material taking into account the grain size and the participation of ferrite and pearlite phase.