静电纺丝技术及其在各领域中的应用

随着纳米技术的飞速发展,纳米纤维技术已成为纤维科学的前沿和研究热点,并在生物医学、过滤材料、复合增强材料、催化、食品工程等领域得到了广泛应用。本文介绍了静电纺丝技术的发展简史、基本原理、主要装置和基本类型,并综述了利用静电纺丝技术制备的纳米纤维在各领域中的应用,最后讨论了静电纺丝技术制备纳米纤维存在的问题和发展前景。     

静电纺丝纳米纤维在吸附分离领域的应用进展

静电纺丝技术作为一种简单有效的制备纳米纤维的方法,制备的纳米纤维具有巨大的比表面积,而且采用该技术制备纳米纤维具有操作简单、易于控制、成本低廉等特点,已经在生物医学领域、国防领域、吸附分离领域等取得了一系列应用进展。本文首先对静电纺丝技术做了概述;其次,对其制备原理、影响因素及应用优势等做了简要的说明;然后重点综述了静电纺丝制得的纳米纤维在吸附分离领域的应用进展,总结了静电纺丝纳米纤维存在的问题并对其在吸附分离领域的应用趋势做出了展望。     

静电纺丝法制备纳米多孔氧化物的研究进展

简要阐述了静电纺丝法制备纳米多孔氧化物的基本原理,归纳分析了近年来已成功制备出的几种纳米多孔氧化物的材料特性和制备方法,总结了静电纺丝工艺参数对制备多孔氧化物的结构和形貌的影响规律,包括聚合物及其溶液性质,电压、电极间距、液体流速等纺丝条件,以及环境等因素。详细介绍了近几年国内外静电纺丝纤维在过滤及个体防护、传感器、自清洁和催化载体及其他一些特殊领域中的研究现状和静电纺丝的两种新方法、新技术,并对其技术发展方向及产业化前景进行了分析预测。     

溶液喷射纺纳米纤维的工艺研究及应用进展

纳米纤维凭借其优异的孔隙率和表面体积比成为了研究热点,成功地应用在电容器、过滤分离、伤口敷料、传感器等领域.近年来,人们提出了多种纳米纤维制备方法,如静电纺丝、熔喷法、离心纺丝法和溶液喷射法等.其中溶液喷射法具有成本低、可原位操作、纤维生产速率高等优点.这种制备工艺通过高速气流蒸发聚合物溶液的溶剂来吹塑纳米纤维.综述了...     

静电纺技术在耐高温纤维材料领域研究进展

耐高温纤维在高温过滤膜、锂电池隔膜以及高温催化等方面有着良好的应用。结合纳米纤维高孔隙率、高比表面积等优点,将这些纤维原料经过静电纺丝技术制备成纳米纤维,应用于工业、国防、医疗、环境保护等领域已成为当今材料科学的研究热点。重点综述了静电纺丝技术制备耐高温性能纳米纤维材料的研究进展,如静电纺芳纶、聚酰亚胺、聚苯并咪唑、含氟高分子等聚合物纳米纤维及陶瓷无机纳米纤维等,为进一步开展静电纺丝制备耐高温纳米纤维的研究和应用提供参考。     

基于静电纺丝制备中空纳米纤维的研究进展

中空纳米纤维具有独特的中空结构和较大的比表面积，在吸附、催化、电化学、医药等领域具有广阔的应用前景。静电纺丝技术是制备中空纳米纤维的有效手段。随着静电纺丝工艺的不断成熟，利用静电纺丝大规模制备中空纳米纤维提上了日程。首先详细介绍了基于静电纺丝技术制备中空纳米纤维的原理和方法，探讨了现阶段基于静电纺丝技术大规模制备中空纳米纤维存在的问题以及研究现状，总结了中空纳米纤维的应用进展，最后指出了中空纳米纤维的发展方向，为推动中空纳米纤维的大规模制备及应用奠定基础。     

静电纺丝纳米纤维摩擦电材料的最新进展

目的 静电纺丝纳米纤维因具有可定制的微纳结构、高的比表面积和孔隙率等优点,在摩擦纳米发电机(TENG)领域应用广泛,归纳总结静电纺丝纳米纤维的最新进展对TENG发展具有重要意义。方法 本文系统介绍静电纺丝纳米纤维摩擦电材料的发展和特点,重点描述基于静电纺丝纳米纤维摩擦电材料的TENG在不同场景中的应用。结果 静电纺丝纳米纤维材料因制备方便、电性能好及可扩展性好等独特优势,在TENG中应用广泛。结论 利用静电纺丝纳米纤维作为TENG摩擦电材料,在能量收集、自供电传感器及可穿戴电子等方面具有很大应用前景,未来可拓展到智能包装与印刷等领域。     

静电纺纳米复合纤维在气体传感器中的应用研究进展

静电纺丝是目前最快速直接制备纳米纤维的方法之一,静电纺纳米纤维因其具有大比表面积、高孔隙率及三维立体结构等优点,在多个领域都具有潜在应用价值,尤其是气体传感器领域。综述了静电纺纳米纤维在气体传感器中的应用现状,并指出了其今后的研究方向。     

静电纺丝法制备氧化物纳米纤维及其气敏特性

静电纺丝技术由于简单的装置和制备过程,以及所使用材料的多样和应用领域的广泛,被认为是制备纳米纤维材料最具发展潜力的方法.简述了静电纺丝技术和影响纺丝质量的相关因素;介绍了静电纺丝制备半导体氧化物纳米纤维的方法及纳米纤维在气体传感器领域的应用;比较了几种纳米纤维和纳米线纳米棒等气敏元件的敏感特性;最后分析了纳米纤维具有优...     

静电纺丝纳米纤维及其复合材料在环境治理领域的应用进展

由静电纺丝法制备的纳米纤维具有多种优异性能，被广泛应用于环境治理领域。介绍了静电纺丝的工作原理、装置结构以及电纺丝纤维的优良特性，重点综述了以电纺丝纤维为载体与金属光催化剂TiO₂、ZnO、Cu₂O、MoS₂等和非金属光催化剂石墨相氮化碳(g-C₃N₄)等复合材料体系，论述了其在光催化氧化中的应用进展；及电纺丝纤维在过滤、吸附和其他环境治理领域(传感器、降噪、个体防护)的应用；并对其未来发展方向进行了展望。     

空气过滤用电纺聚偏氟乙烯-聚丙烯腈/熔喷聚丙烯无纺布复合材料的制备及过滤性能

为开发高效低阻的空气过滤材料,采用静电纺丝技术制备了聚偏氟乙烯（PVDF）-聚丙烯腈（PAN）复合纳米纤维,并与聚丙烯熔喷非织造布复合制得高效复合过滤材料,研究了PVDF与PAN的质量比对溶液性质、表面形貌、比表面积、透气性和过滤性能的影响。结果表明,当PVDF与PAN质量比为3：5时,其溶液可纺性最好,所得纤维直径均匀,约为0.59 μm;利用BET比表面积分析仪测试可得其比表面积约为PVDF与PAN质量比为2：1时的两倍;利用滤料测试仪对PVDF-PAN/熔喷聚丙烯（PP）无纺布复合滤材的过滤性能进行测试,结果表明,静电纺PVDF-PAN纳米纤维层可显著提高聚丙烯熔喷非织造布的过滤性能,PVDF-PAN/熔喷PP无纺布过滤效率可达99.95%,明显高于熔喷无纺布的过滤效率（65%）,过滤阻力为77 mmH₂O（1 mmH₂O=9.8 Pa）,过滤品质因子达0.0987,远高于熔喷无纺布的过滤品质因子0.0168,过滤效果得到显著提升。     

纳米Ag-聚乙烯醇缩丁醛静电纺丝复合纳米纤维的制备及性能

采用静电纺丝技术制备纳米Ag-聚乙烯醇缩丁醛（PVB）复合纳米纤维,获得一类过滤性能和抗菌性能优异的空气过滤材料。采用TEM分析纳米Ag的形貌,采用SEM、FTIR和XRD等表征手段研究纳米Ag-PVB复合纳米纤维的微观形貌、化学结构以及结晶行为,并对其空气过滤性能、透气性能和抗菌性能进行了研究。结果表明：以乙醇为溶剂,当PVB含量为10wt%、纳米Ag含量为0.25wt%时,得到的纤维尺寸均一,平均直径为542.14 nm。性能测试结果表明,纺丝最佳时间为10 min,纳米Ag-PVB复合纳米纤维对PM2.5过滤效率为99.99%,过滤阻力为16 Pa,透气率为155.0 mm/s,并且对大肠杆菌表现出优异的抗菌性能,其抑菌率为95.52%。     

电纺丝制备纳米纤维及其应用

电纺丝技术是利用高压静电将聚合物或具有粘弹性的溶液制备成纳米级直径纤维的一种加工技术。电纺丝纤维膜由于其高比表面积、良好的生物仿生性能,在生物组织工程支架、药物载释、伤口修复等方面有较高的应用价值。近年来,大量文献报道,通过对电纺丝装置以及纺丝过程参数的改进和优化,制备出功能化和具有特殊结构的纳米纤维材料。本文从电纺丝装置的改进、纺丝过程优化等方面简述了电纺丝技术的进展。概述了电纺丝法制备特殊结构的纳米纤维的方法,及其在生物组织工程、药物载释等方面的应用。     

Preparation and characterization of electrospun core sheath nanofibers from multi-walled carbon nanotubes and poly(vinyl pyrrolidone)

Electrospinning is a versatile technique to prepare polymer fibers in nano to micrometer size ranges using very high electrostatic fields. Electrospun nanofibers with tunable porosity and high specific surface area have various applications, including chromatographic supports for protein separation, biomedical devices, tissue engineering and drug delivery matrices, and as key components in solar cells and supercapacitors. Unspinnable materials such as nanoparticles, nanorods, nanotubes or rigid conducting polymers can also be electrospun into fibers through co-axial electrospinning. In this study, we have prepared core-sheath nanofibers utilizing co-axial electrospinning. The core portion of these electrospun fibers consists of multi-walled carbon nanotubes and the sheath portion is poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP). Various morphologies were obtained by changing both core and sheath solution concentrations. The core-sheath nanofibers were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy, to confirm core-sheath morphology, thermogravimetric analysis, and mechanical strength testing. The electrical conductivity of the surfaces of poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) fibers and poly(vinyl pyrrolidone)-multi-walled nanotube fibers were both 10(-15) S/m. The highest bulk conductivity observed for the poly(vinyl pyrrolidone)-multi-walled nanotube fibers was 1.2 x 10(-3) S/m.     

Hydro‐Assisted Self‐Regenerating Brominated N‐Alkylated Thiophene Diketopyrrolopyrrole Dye Nanofibers—A Sustainable Synthesis Route for Renewable Air Filter Materials

With rising global concerns over the alarming levels of particulate pollution, a sustainable air quality management is the need of the hour. Air filtration research has gained momentum in recent years. However, the research perspective is still blinkered toward formulating new fiber systems for the energy‐intensive electrospinning process to fabricate high quality factor air filters. A holistic approach on sustainable air filtration models is still lacking. The air filter model presented in this work uses a simple process involving water‐induced self‐organization and self‐regeneration of nanofibers, and an easy recycling route after the filter life that not only facilitates reuse of the microfibrous scaffold holding the nanofibers but also allows renewal of nanofibers. Three generations of air filters are fabricated and tested, all having high particulate matter (PM)‐adsorbing tendency, high filtration efficiency (>95%), and high Young's modulus (≈5 GPa). The renewable air filters offer a sustainable alternative to the present cost‐intensive electrospun air filters.     

Polymeric nanofibers as novel carriers for the delivery of therapeutic molecules

Nanotechnology and nanoscience are relatively new technological endeavors that encompass the study, control, manipulation, and assembly of multifarious nanoscale components into materials, systems and devices to serve human interest and needs. Among the various currently used nanostructures for high technology applications polymeric nanofibers have received immense interest due to the ease of fabrication, controllable size/shape, and properties. Polymeric nanofibers have been extensively investigated for diversified applications, including filtration, barrier fabrics, wipes, personal care, biomedical, and pharmaceutical applications. This review mainly focuses on the fabrication of therapeutic agent loaded polymeric nanofibers and their controlled/sustained release behavior for the delivery of these active agents for various therapeutic applications. The nonwoven biodegradable polymeric nanofiber matrices are currently being reported as topical/local therapeutic agent delivery systems and as resorbable/biodegradable gauze for wound healing applications.     

Method for production of polymer and carbon nanofibers from water-soluble polymers

Nanometer scale carbon fibers (carbon nanofibers) are of great interest to scientists and engineers in fields such as materials science, composite production, and energy storage due to their unique chemical, physical, and mechanical properties. Precursors currently used for production of carbon nanofibers are primarily from nonrenewable resources. Lignin is a renewable natural polymer existing in all high-level plants that is a byproduct of the papermaking process and a potential feedstock for carbon nanofiber production. The work presented here demonstrates a process involving the rapid freezing of an aqueous lignin solution, followed by sublimation of the resultant ice, to form a uniform network comprised of individual interconnected lignin nanofibers. Carbonization of the lignin nanofibers yields a similarly structured carbon nanofiber network. The methodology is not specific to lignin; nanofibers of other water-soluble polymers have been successfully produced. This nanoscale fibrous morphology has not been observed in traditional cryogel processes, due to the relatively slower freezing rates employed compared to those achieved in this study.     

Facile construction of nanofibers as a functional template for surface boron coordination reaction

A facile strategy to perform the boron coordination reaction on a template of nanofibers is developed. Peptides with phenylboronic acid tails (peptidyl boronic acids) are designed and prepared as building blocks that can self-assemble into nanofibers. After the addition of vicinal diol structural motifs to the self-assembling system, matrix-assisted laser desorption-ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry indicates that the boron coordination reaction occurs on the template of nanofibers, which results in the increase of the width and roughness of the nanofibers as demonstrated by transmission electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy measurements. Because the surface-bound vicinal diol structural motifs have an ability to form hydrogen bonds with the peptide segments on the nanofibers, which restrain and disturb the hydrogen-bonding interaction among the nanofibers, the network structure formed based on the entanglement of nanofibers via hydrogen-bonding interaction is destroyed, which leads to a gel-sol transition. The novel concept of post-self-assembly modification demonstrated here could lead to a new technique for using self-assembled nanostructures in the emerging fields of nanoscience and nanotechnology.