06Cr19Ni10不锈钢中大型夹杂物的分析

通过对06Cr19Ni10不锈钢连铸坯中存在的大型夹杂物的形貌和化学成分进行分析,找出了大型夹杂物的形成原因,并给出了防止该类大型夹杂物产生应采取的措施。结果表明：06Cr19Ni10不锈钢中的大型夹杂物属于以CaO-SiO2-Al2O3-MgO为主要成分的脆性夹杂物;初步分析认为该大型夹杂物是在冶炼过程中没有上浮的炉渣在连铸时裹入钢液中形成的,也有可能是沉积在结晶器上的氧化物被下泄的钢液冲入结晶器中进而进入连铸坯所致。     

镍基粉末高温合金中夹杂物导致裂纹萌生和扩展行为的研究

采用扫描电镜原位拉伸和原位疲劳的方法,跟踪观察了人工植入Al2O3夹杂物的镍基粉末高温合金P/M Rene95中夹杂物导致裂纹萌生、扩展乃至断裂的过程,结果表明,无论是在单轴拉伸还是低周疲劳实验中,裂纹均首先萌生于脆性非金属夹杂物Al2O3处,大于一定尺寸的夹杂物,还会使该裂纹扩展成为导致合金断裂的主裂纹,从而大大降低合金的屈服强度、断裂强度及低周疲劳寿命.     

非金属夹杂物特性对钢铁材料疲劳性能影响的研究进展EI北大核心CSCD

本文综述了非金属夹杂物对钢铁材料疲劳性能的影响及研究现状,从夹杂物的角度出发,首先介绍非金属夹杂物特征提取的最新研究进展,分别从实验测量方法和数学公式科学统计方法两方面进行论述;其次根据夹杂物对于疲劳损伤的主要原理,介绍5种应用较为广泛的定量化分析夹杂物特征参数与钢材疲劳性能的数学模型;然后以夹杂物的形貌特征、力学性能以及与基体之间的相互作用为出发点,探究非金属夹杂物的特性对重载零件钢材疲劳性能的影响。最后指出从多角度解析非金属夹杂物对钢材疲劳性能的主要作用机理,构建非金属夹杂物对钢材疲劳寿命预测模型是未来该领域的研究重点。     

热加工对硫化物及氧化物夹杂的影响

随着制造业的发展,人们对钢材的质量提出了更高的要求,而夹杂物是影响钢材质量十分重要的因素之一.特别是对高强钢而言,夹杂物对其韧性的影响更加敏感.因此,研究冶炼过程中对夹杂物的控制及后续热轧和热处理工艺对钢中夹杂物的影响,是钢铁材料制造和加工过程中的一个重要课题.夹杂物对钢材的强度、塑性、韧性、抗疲劳性能、耐腐蚀性能都会产生重要影响.要减少夹杂物对钢材性能的影响,需从优化冶炼工艺开始.随着气泡去除夹杂物技术、真空碳脱氧技术及中间包电磁搅拌技术在冶炼过程中的应用,钢材中的夹杂物含量明显降低.然而,在目前工业化的生产环境中,仍然无法实现将钢中的非金属夹杂物完全消除.目前的研究已经表明,热轧和热处理过程对夹杂物也有重要影响,这对进一步控制夹杂物的尺寸、分布、形态,达到减轻夹杂物对钢材性能影响的目的具有重要的意义.因此,目前除了发展新的冶炼工艺以进一步降低钢中的夹杂物含量外,研究和阐明热加工工艺对夹杂物的影响也是研究重点.文中归纳了冶炼过程中先进的夹杂物控制技术及其原理,评述了热变形和热处理过程对夹杂物的数量、尺寸、分布、形态特征及类型产生的影响,对研究钢材在制造、加工过程中夹杂物的变化规律及控制具有参考价值.     

Very High Cycle Fatigue Fracture Behavior of High Strength Spring Steel

进行超声波疲劳和疲劳裂纹扩展速率实验, 研究了3种60Si2CrVA弹簧钢的超高周疲劳破坏行为.结果表明, 60Si2CrVA弹簧钢的超高周疲劳性能主要与其中夹杂物的尺寸有关,即随着夹杂物尺寸的减小, 钢的疲劳寿命和疲劳强度均逐渐提高.对于内部夹杂物引起的疲劳破坏, 在低应力幅、高循环周次(约大于106 cyc)条件下,在夹杂物周围的鱼眼处往往存在粗糙的粒状区域(GBF). 对于A-60钢,随着疲劳源夹杂物处应力场强度因子幅的减小, 疲劳寿命增加;而GBF处的应力场强度因子幅并不随疲劳寿命变化而变化,基本为一常数(平均值为4.6 MPa×m1/2),与疲劳裂纹扩展门槛值(4.3 MPa×m1/2)接近.     

浅析硬线钢中非金属夹杂物

硬线盘钢制品对钢的纯净度,夹杂物的尺寸、分布以及形态都有严格的要求,非金属夹杂物又是影响硬线钢质量的主要因素之一。本文通过介绍硬线钢中非金属夹杂物的来源和分类,分析了不同类型夹杂物的形成机理及形貌,指出了非金属夹杂物对硬线钢的影响和危害。     

双相不锈钢F55电渣重熔过程夹杂物的控制

本文重点研究了双相不锈钢F55的电渣重熔工艺,研究发现,F55电极经过电渣重熔后钢中氧含量增加,经扫描电镜检测分析,钢中的夹杂物类型主要为高熔点的Al_2O_3。通过优化电渣工艺,采用CaF_2-CaO-Al_2O_3-MgO-SiO_2五元渣系,同时渣中加SiCa、Al对熔渣进行脱氧,Al_2O_3夹杂物发生变性,形成低熔点复合夹杂物,易于从钢中去除,从而实现F55电渣过程夹杂物的有效控制。     

60Si2CrVA高强度弹簧钢的超高周疲劳破坏行为

进行超声波疲劳和疲劳裂纹扩展速率实验,研究了3种60Si2CrVA弹簧钢的超高周疲劳破坏行为. 结果表明,60Si2CrVA弹簧钢的超高周疲劳性能主要与其中夹杂物的尺寸有关,即随着夹杂物尺寸的减小,钢的疲劳寿命和疲劳强度均逐渐提高.对于内部夹杂物引起的疲劳破坏,在低应力幅、高循环周次(约大于10°cyc)条件下,在夹杂物周围的鱼眼处往往存在粗糙的粒状区域(GBF).对于A-60钢,随着疲劳源夹杂物处应力场强度因子幅的减小,疲劳寿命增加;而GBF处的应力场强度因子幅并不随疲劳寿命变化而变化,基本为一常数(平均值为4.6 Mpa·m1/2),与疲劳裂纹扩展门槛值(4.3 Mpa·m1/2)接近.     

非金属夹杂物对钢性能的影响

本文分析了钢中非金属夹杂物的形成以及非金属夹杂物的分布状态与材料性能的关系,钢中非金属夹杂物对加工工艺的影响和性能改善的方法,以及在选材时对非金属夹杂物的综合因素分析。     

钢中非金属夹杂物对疲劳性能的影响

本文研究了38CrMoAlA和30CrMnSiA两种钢中所含夹杂物对疲劳性能的影响。研究结果表明:在夹杂物含量基本相同的条件下,夹杂物的大小、形状及分布特徵对疲劳寿命具有明显的影响。夹杂物的颗粒大小直接支配着裂纹的成核与扩展,当夹杂物的平均直径大于40μm时,由夹杂物引起疲劳失效的比率可达95％以上。因此,在控制夹杂物含量的基础上,通过减小夹杂物颗粒尺寸和改变不利的几何形状及分布,可减缓夹杂物对疲劳性能的有害影响。     

外电场作用下熔渣对MgO-C耐火材料的侵蚀行为

以高温炉渣为电解质,工业MgO-C砖为阴极,钼丝为阳极,研究外电场作用下耐火材料在炉渣中的腐蚀行为。研究结果表明,在CaO-SiO_2-Al_2O_3渣系中,单质硅的析出电位约为-6.1V;在CaO-SiO_2-Fe_2O_3渣系中,单质铁的析出电位约为-1.25V,硅的析出电位为-5.85V。当外加电压小于炉渣分解压时,电压趋使炉渣中离子(Fe~(2+),SiO_4~(2-))定向移动,阴极附近熔渣粘度不断增加,熔渣在耐火材料中扩散速度下降,导致炉渣渗透深度减小。当外加电压高于炉渣分解压时,电压加速炉渣的电化学分解,单质Si和Fe的析出是诱发熔渣组成发生偏移的驱动力,加速高熔点沉积层的形成,而高熔点沉积层有效阻断炉渣与耐火材料直接接触,导致渗透深度显著下降。高熔点沉积层组成与熔渣组成密切相关,在CaO-SiO_2-Al_2O_3渣系中主要由Ca_2SiO_4组成,在CaO-SiO_2-Al_2O_3-MgO渣系中主要由MgAl_2O_4组成。     

Prediction of spatial distribution of the composition of inclusions on the entire cross section of a linepipe steel continuous casting slab

In the current study, the transformation in the composition of non-metallic inclusions from the molten steel to the solidified steel was studied and the composition distribution of inclusions on the cross section of a linepine continuous casting slab was predicted. During cooling and solidification of the continuous casting strand, Al₂O₃-CaO inclusions reacted with the bulk steel and transformed to CaS-Al₂O₃-MgO-(CaO) ones in the continuous casting slab. The composition of inclusions on the cross section of the slab varied with locations due to the varied cooling rate. A model was established to predict the distribution of the composition of inclusions on the cross section of the continuous casting slab, coupling solidification and heat transfer of the continuous casting slab, the kinetic mass transfer of the dissolved elements in the solid steel, and thermodynamic calculation of inclusion transformation at different temperatures. The composition transformation of inclusions mainly occurred at the temperature between the liquidus and solidus of the linepipe steel. Inclusions were mainly CaS-Al₂O₃-MgO-(CaO) in slab center and were MgO-Al₂O₃-CaO-CaS within the subsurface of the slab. In the slab, the transformation fraction of inclusions was less than 10 % at corners while it reached 70 % at 50 mm below the surface of the slab.     

Gigacycle fatigue properties of 1800 MPa class spring steels

Fatigue tests up to 10⁸ cycles were carried out for two spring steels (Heats A and D1) and one valve spring steel (Heat F) with tensile strength, σ _B, of 1720, 1725 and 1764 MPa, respectively. The size and composition of inclusions in Heats Dl and F were controlled. The surface‐type fracture occurred at shorter lives below 10⁶ cycles, while the fish‐eye‐type fracture occurred at longer lives. The fatigue limit, σ _W, at 10⁸ cycles was 640 MPa for Heats A and D1 and 700 MPa for Heat F. Al₂O₃ inclusions for Heat A and both TiN inclusions and matrix cracks, i.e. internal facets, for Heat F were observed at the fish‐eye‐type fracture sites, while only matrix cracks were observed for Heat Dl. ODA, i.e. optically dark area, which is considered to be related to hydrogen effects, were formed around Al₂O₃ and TiN inclusions. Fatigue tests were also conducted after specimens were heated up to 573 K in high vacuum of 2 × 10^–6 Pa. The heat treatment eliminated matrix cracks for Heat D1 and the fatigue limit at 10⁸ cycles recovered to the estimated value of 920 MPa from the equation σ _w= 0.53 σ _B for the surface fracture. These results suggest that inclusions control and hydrogen influence the gigacycle fatigue properties for these high strength steels. In addition, it is expected that the creation of a martensite structure with a high resistance to hydrogen effects in the inclusion‐controlled steel could achieve the higher fatigue limit estimated for the surface‐type fracture.     

Metallurgical characteristics of electroslag-refined MDN 250 maraging steel

MDN-250 maraging steel was electroslag-refined in a 350 kVA DC ESR unit using a slag of composition, CaF₂-65, CaO-9, Al₂O₃-2O, TiO₂-5, and MoO₃-1 (wt % basis) in straight as well as reverse polarity modes of melting. The chemical homogeneity of the ingots was established by X-ray fluorescence, plasma scan and spectrovac methods. The dissolved gas content (O and N) in the ingots was determined by a LECO gas analyser. Volume fraction, density and size distribution of inclusions in the ingots and the electrode were determined in a Quantimet image analyser. These results were supplemented by EPMA and SEM studies on selected inclusions. Mechanical properties of the ingots in the heat-treated and aged conditions were assessed and compared with those of the electrode material. The present results confirm that the reverse polarity mode of melting is best suited for producing quality maraging steels for the ingots produced by this mode of melting were found to possess superior metallurgical characteristics in terms of cleanliness and mechanical properties compared to those produced by the straight polarity ESR route and other conventional methods.     

酸溶铝含量对车轮性能的影响

拟在车轮钢冶炼中采用降低钢中加铝量的工艺以杜绝因大尺寸Al2O3夹杂导致的车轮次表面疲劳破损，但减少钢中加铝量会导致钢中酸溶铝含量的降低，是否会影响成品车轮性能值得关注。为此，进行了实物车轮奥氏体晶粒度对比试验分析及成品车轮性能的统计分析。分析结果表明，将车轮钢中酸溶铝含量降低至0．010％以下，在现热处理工艺下，车轮奥氏体晶粒度和性能未发生明显变化，降低钢中加铝量这一工艺值得推广。     

Evaluation of the Electroslag Remelting Process in Medical Grade of 316LC Stainless Steel

This study is focused on the effects of electroslag remelting by prefused slag(CaO,Al2O3,and CaF2)on macrostructure and reduction of inclusions in the medical grade of 316LC(316LVM)stainless steel.Analysis of the obtained results indicated that for production of a uniform ingot structure during electroslag remelting, shape and depth of the molten pool should be carefully controlled.High melting rates led to deeper pool depth and interior radial solidification characteristics,while decrease in the melting ra...     

Understanding the liquid metal assisted damage sources in the T91 martensitic steel for safer use of ADS

The paper analyses the risks of corrosion damage and of accelerated fatigue damage by liquid lead–bismuth eutectic (LBE) of the T91 steel for reliability assessment of accelerating driven systems (ADS). The corrosion of the T91 in LBE is dependent on the oxygen concentration in the LBE. Dissolution process occurs when the oxygen concentration is low while a protective oxide film forms under high oxygen concentration. The low cycle fatigue resistance of the T91 steel is reduced by a factor at least of 2 when cycling at 300 °C in LBE instead of air. A pre immersion of T91 fatigue specimens in a LBE bath at 600 °C for about 600 h and with a dissolved oxygen concentration less than 10⁻¹⁰ wt% is detrimental on the fatigue resistance. However, an oxide layer resulting from high oxygen concentration appears to be protective against corrosion–deformation interaction.     

热轧带肋钢筋断裂分析

为进一步提高产品质量,针对螺纹钢出现的裂纹和断裂事故进行了系统的生产工序分析.采用光谱分析仪分析了断裂钢筋的化学组成,利用光学显微镜、电子能谱仪分析断裂钢筋组织结构和断裂钢筋中非金属夹杂物的类型、数量、大小、组成及分布,并讨论了目前生产工艺中非金属夹杂物的来源.研究表明,钢筋中非金属夹杂物的产生是钢筋裂纹和断裂的根源,夹杂物主要是由炼钢脱氧和耐火材料腐蚀的铝硅酸盐组成.     

Al2O3陶瓷爆炸喷涂涂层性能分析

使用爆炸喷涂法制备了Al2O3陶瓷涂层,以自熔性NiAl合金粉末作为底层,基体为45钢。涂层的XRD图谱分析表明,爆炸喷涂的Al2O3陶瓷涂层结构以α-Al2O3及γ-Al2O3为主,说明在爆炸喷涂中存在相变过程;使用国标JB/T7509-94铁试剂方法进行测定,Al2O3陶瓷涂层孔隙率为0.019个/mm2,爆炸喷涂的Al2O3陶瓷涂层结构致密;滑动磨损试验说明,爆炸喷涂Al2O3陶瓷涂层提高了钢基体的耐磨损性能,适用于耐磨涂层。     

CaO/γ-Al2O3吸附剂吸附CO2的性能研究

采用浸渍法制备了以γ-Al2O3为载体的CaO/γ-Al2O3吸附剂,并在自制吸附剂评价装置上,研究了不同CaO负载量对CaO/γ-Al2O3吸附剂吸附性能的影响。利用XRD及BET对CaO/γ-Al2O3吸附剂的物相及结构进行了表征。实验结果表明,CaO/γ-Al2O3吸附剂对CO2有较好的吸附性能,并且CaO/γ-Al2O3吸附剂的比表面积、孔容随着CaO负载量的增大而减小。当CaO的负载量为25%(wt,下同)时,CaO/γ-Al2O3吸附剂的静吸附容量达到最大值,4.95mol/kg。